# Vim documentation: eval

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    *eval.txt*	For Vim version 8.1.  Last change: 2018 May 17

    		  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL	  by Bram Moolenaar

    Expression evaluation			*expression* *expr* *E15* *eval*

    Using expressions is introduced in chapter 41 of the user manual |usr_41.txt|.

    Note: Expression evaluation can be disabled at compile time.  If this has been
    done, the features in this document are not available.  See |+eval| and
    |no-eval-feature|.

    1.  Variables			|variables|
        1.1 Variable types
        1.2 Function references		|Funcref|
        1.3 Lists				|Lists|
        1.4 Dictionaries			|Dictionaries|
        1.5 More about variables		|more-variables|
    2.  Expression syntax		|expression-syntax|
    3.  Internal variable		|internal-variables|
    4.  Builtin Functions		|functions|
    5.  Defining functions		|user-functions|
    6.  Curly braces names		|curly-braces-names|
    7.  Commands			|expression-commands|
    8.  Exception handling		|exception-handling|
    9.  Examples			|eval-examples|
    10. No +eval feature		|no-eval-feature|
    11. The sandbox			|eval-sandbox|
    12. Textlock			|textlock|
    13. Testing			|testing|

    {Vi does not have any of these commands}

    ==============================================================================

    1. Variables						*variables*

    1.1 Variable types

    							*E712*
    There are nine types of variables:

    Number		A 32 or 64 bit signed number.  |expr-number| *Number*
    		64-bit Numbers are available only when compiled with the
    		|+num64| feature.
    		Examples:  -123  0x10  0177  0b1011

    Float		A floating point number. |floating-point-format| *Float*
    		{only when compiled with the |+float| feature}
    		Examples: 123.456  1.15e-6  -1.1e3

    							*E928*
    String		A NUL terminated string of 8-bit unsigned characters (bytes).
    		|expr-string| Examples: "ab\txx\"--"  'x-z''a,c'

    List		An ordered sequence of items |List|.
    		Example: [1, 2, ['a', 'b']]

    Dictionary	An associative, unordered array: Each entry has a key and a
    		value. |Dictionary|
    		Example: {'blue': "#0000ff", 'red': "#ff0000"}

    Funcref		A reference to a function |Funcref|.
    		Example: function("strlen")
    		It can be bound to a dictionary and arguments, it then works
    		like a Partial.
    		Example: function("Callback", [arg], myDict)

    Special		|v:false|, |v:true|, |v:none| and |v:null|.  *Special*

    Job		Used for a job, see |job_start()|. *Job* *Jobs*

    Channel		Used for a channel, see |ch_open()|. *Channel* *Channels*

    The Number and String types are converted automatically, depending on how they
    are used.

    Conversion from a Number to a String is by making the ASCII representation of
    the Number.  Examples:
    	Number 123	-->	String "123"
    	Number 0	-->	String "0"
    	Number -1	-->	String "-1"

    							*octal*
    Conversion from a String to a Number is done by converting the first digits to
    a number.  Hexadecimal "0xf9", Octal "017", and Binary "0b10" numbers are
    recognized.  If the String doesn't start with digits, the result is zero.
    Examples:
    	String "456"	-->	Number 456
    	String "6bar"	-->	Number 6
    	String "foo"	-->	Number 0
    	String "0xf1"	-->	Number 241
    	String "0100"	-->	Number 64
    	String "0b101"	-->	Number 5
    	String "-8"	-->	Number -8
    	String "+8"	-->	Number 0

    To force conversion from String to Number, add zero to it:
    	:echo "0100" + 0
     	64

    To avoid a leading zero to cause octal conversion, or for using a different
    base, use |str2nr()|.

    							*TRUE* *FALSE*
    For boolean operators Numbers are used.  Zero is FALSE, non-zero is TRUE.
    You can also use |v:false| and |v:true|.  When TRUE is returned from a
    function it is the Number one, FALSE is the number zero.

    Note that in the command:
    	:if "foo"
    	:" NOT executed
    "foo" is converted to 0, which means FALSE.  If the string starts with a
    non-zero number it means TRUE:
    	:if "8foo"
    	:" executed
    To test for a non-empty string, use empty():
    	:if !empty("foo")

    							*non-zero-arg*
    Function arguments often behave slightly different from |TRUE|: If the
    argument is present and it evaluates to a non-zero Number, |v:true| or a
    non-empty String, then the value is considered to be TRUE.
    Note that " " and "0" are also non-empty strings, thus considered to be TRUE.
    A List, Dictionary or Float is not a Number or String, thus evaluate to FALSE.

    		*E745* *E728* *E703* *E729* *E730* *E731* *E908* *E910* *E913*
    List, Dictionary, Funcref, Job and Channel types are not automatically
    converted.

    							*E805* *E806* *E808*
    When mixing Number and Float the Number is converted to Float.  Otherwise
    there is no automatic conversion of Float.  You can use str2float() for String
    to Float, printf() for Float to String and float2nr() for Float to Number.

    			*E891* *E892* *E893* *E894* *E907* *E911* *E914*
    When expecting a Float a Number can also be used, but nothing else.

    						*no-type-checking*
    You will not get an error if you try to change the type of a variable.

    1.2 Function references

    					*Funcref* *E695* *E718*
    A Funcref variable is obtained with the |function()| function, the |funcref()|
    function or created with the lambda expression |expr-lambda|.  It can be used
    in an expression in the place of a function name, before the parenthesis
    around the arguments, to invoke the function it refers to.  Example:

    	:let Fn = function("MyFunc")
    	:echo Fn()

     							*E704* *E705* *E707*
    A Funcref variable must start with a capital, "s:", "w:", "t:" or "b:".  You
    can use "g:" but the following name must still start with a capital.  You
    cannot have both a Funcref variable and a function with the same name.

    A special case is defining a function and directly assigning its Funcref to a
    Dictionary entry.  Example:
    	:function dict.init() dict
    	:   let self.val = 0
    	:endfunction

    The key of the Dictionary can start with a lower case letter.  The actual
    function name is not used here.  Also see |numbered-function|.

    A Funcref can also be used with the |:call| command:
    	:call Fn()
    	:call dict.init()

    The name of the referenced function can be obtained with |string()|.
    	:let func = string(Fn)

    You can use |call()| to invoke a Funcref and use a list variable for the
    arguments:
    	:let r = call(Fn, mylist)

    								*Partial*
    A Funcref optionally binds a Dictionary and/or arguments.  This is also called
    a Partial.  This is created by passing the Dictionary and/or arguments to
    function() or funcref().  When calling the function the Dictionary and/or
    arguments will be passed to the function.  Example:

    	let Cb = function('Callback', ['foo'], myDict)
    	call Cb()

    This will invoke the function as if using:
    	call myDict.Callback('foo')

    This is very useful when passing a function around, e.g. in the arguments of
    |ch_open()|.

    Note that binding a function to a Dictionary also happens when the function is
    a member of the Dictionary:

    	let myDict.myFunction = MyFunction
    	call myDict.myFunction()

    Here MyFunction() will get myDict passed as "self".  This happens when the
    "myFunction" member is accessed.  When making assigning "myFunction" to
    otherDict and calling it, it will be bound to otherDict:

    	let otherDict.myFunction = myDict.myFunction
    	call otherDict.myFunction()

    Now "self" will be "otherDict".  But when the dictionary was bound explicitly
    this won't happen:

    	let myDict.myFunction = function(MyFunction, myDict)
    	let otherDict.myFunction = myDict.myFunction
    	call otherDict.myFunction()

    Here "self" will be "myDict", because it was bound explicitly.

    1.3 Lists

    						*list* *List* *Lists* *E686*
    A List is an ordered sequence of items.  An item can be of any type.  Items
    can be accessed by their index number.  Items can be added and removed at any
    position in the sequence.

    List creation

    							*E696* *E697*
    A List is created with a comma separated list of items in square brackets.
    Examples:
    	:let mylist = [1, two, 3, "four"]
    	:let emptylist = []

    An item can be any expression.  Using a List for an item creates a
    List of Lists:
    	:let nestlist = [[11, 12], [21, 22], [31, 32]]

    An extra comma after the last item is ignored.

    List index

    							*list-index* *E684*
    An item in the List can be accessed by putting the index in square brackets
    after the List.  Indexes are zero-based, thus the first item has index zero.
    	:let item = mylist[0]		" get the first item: 1
    	:let item = mylist[2]		" get the third item: 3

    When the resulting item is a list this can be repeated:
    	:let item = nestlist[0][1]	" get the first list, second item: 12

    A negative index is counted from the end.  Index -1 refers to the last item in
    the List, -2 to the last but one item, etc.
    	:let last = mylist[-1]		" get the last item: "four"

    To avoid an error for an invalid index use the |get()| function.  When an item
    is not available it returns zero or the default value you specify:
    	:echo get(mylist, idx)
    	:echo get(mylist, idx, "NONE")

    List concatenation

    Two lists can be concatenated with the "+" operator:
    	:let longlist = mylist + [5, 6]
    	:let mylist += [7, 8]

    To prepend or append an item turn the item into a list by putting [] around
    it.  To change a list in-place see |list-modification| below.

    Sublist

    							*sublist*
    A part of the List can be obtained by specifying the first and last index,
    separated by a colon in square brackets:
    	:let shortlist = mylist[2:-1]	" get List [3, "four"]

    Omitting the first index is similar to zero.  Omitting the last index is
    similar to -1.
    	:let endlist = mylist[2:]	" from item 2 to the end: [3, "four"]
    	:let shortlist = mylist[2:2]	" List with one item: [3]
    	:let otherlist = mylist[:]	" make a copy of the List

    If the first index is beyond the last item of the List or the second item is
    before the first item, the result is an empty list.  There is no error
    message.

    If the second index is equal to or greater than the length of the list the
    length minus one is used:
    	:let mylist = [0, 1, 2, 3]
    	:echo mylist[2:8]		" result: [2, 3]

    NOTE: mylist[s:e] means using the variable "s:e" as index.  Watch out for
    using a single letter variable before the ":".  Insert a space when needed:
    mylist[s : e].

    List identity

    							*list-identity*
    When variable "aa" is a list and you assign it to another variable "bb", both
    variables refer to the same list.  Thus changing the list "aa" will also
    change "bb":
    	:let aa = [1, 2, 3]
    	:let bb = aa
    	:call add(aa, 4)
    	:echo bb
     	[1, 2, 3, 4]

    Making a copy of a list is done with the |copy()| function.  Using [:] also
    works, as explained above.  This creates a shallow copy of the list: Changing
    a list item in the list will also change the item in the copied list:
    	:let aa = [[1, 'a'], 2, 3]
    	:let bb = copy(aa)
    	:call add(aa, 4)
    	:let aa[0][1] = 'aaa'
    	:echo aa
     	[[1, aaa], 2, 3, 4]
    	:echo bb
     	[[1, aaa], 2, 3]

    To make a completely independent list use |deepcopy()|.  This also makes a
    copy of the values in the list, recursively.  Up to a hundred levels deep.

    The operator "is" can be used to check if two variables refer to the same
    List.  "isnot" does the opposite.  In contrast "==" compares if two lists have
    the same value.
    	:let alist = [1, 2, 3]
    	:let blist = [1, 2, 3]
    	:echo alist is blist
     	0
    	:echo alist == blist
     	1

    Note about comparing lists: Two lists are considered equal if they have the
    same length and all items compare equal, as with using "==".  There is one
    exception: When comparing a number with a string they are considered
    different.  There is no automatic type conversion, as with using "==" on
    variables.  Example:
    	echo 4 == "4"
     	1
    	echo [4] == ["4"]
     	0

    Thus comparing Lists is more strict than comparing numbers and strings.  You
    can compare simple values this way too by putting them in a list:

    	:let a = 5
    	:let b = "5"
    	:echo a == b
     	1
    	:echo [a] == [b]
     	0

    List unpack

    To unpack the items in a list to individual variables, put the variables in
    square brackets, like list items:
    	:let [var1, var2] = mylist

    When the number of variables does not match the number of items in the list
    this produces an error.  To handle any extra items from the list append ";"
    and a variable name:
    	:let [var1, var2; rest] = mylist

    This works like:
    	:let var1 = mylist[0]
    	:let var2 = mylist[1]
    	:let rest = mylist[2:]

    Except that there is no error if there are only two items.  "rest" will be an
    empty list then.

    List modification

    							*list-modification*
    To change a specific item of a list use |:let| this way:
    	:let list[4] = "four"
    	:let listlist[0][3] = item

    To change part of a list you can specify the first and last item to be
    modified.  The value must at least have the number of items in the range:
    	:let list[3:5] = [3, 4, 5]

    Adding and removing items from a list is done with functions.  Here are a few
    examples:
    	:call insert(list, 'a')		" prepend item 'a'
    	:call insert(list, 'a', 3)	" insert item 'a' before list[3]
    	:call add(list, "new")		" append String item
    	:call add(list, [1, 2])		" append a List as one new item
    	:call extend(list, [1, 2])	" extend the list with two more items
    	:let i = remove(list, 3)	" remove item 3
    	:unlet list[3]			" idem
    	:let l = remove(list, 3, -1)	" remove items 3 to last item
    	:unlet list[3 : ]		" idem
    	:call filter(list, 'v:val !~ "x"')  " remove items with an 'x'

    Changing the order of items in a list:
    	:call sort(list)		" sort a list alphabetically
    	:call reverse(list)		" reverse the order of items
    	:call uniq(sort(list))		" sort and remove duplicates

    For loop

    The |:for| loop executes commands for each item in a list.  A variable is set
    to each item in the list in sequence.  Example:
    	:for item in mylist
    	:   call Doit(item)
    	:endfor

    This works like:
    	:let index = 0
    	:while index < len(mylist)
    	:   let item = mylist[index]
    	:   :call Doit(item)
    	:   let index = index + 1
    	:endwhile

    If all you want to do is modify each item in the list then the |map()|
    function will be a simpler method than a for loop.

    Just like the |:let| command, |:for| also accepts a list of variables.  This
    requires the argument to be a list of lists.
    	:for [lnum, col] in [[1, 3], [2, 8], [3, 0]]
    	:   call Doit(lnum, col)
    	:endfor

    This works like a |:let| command is done for each list item.  Again, the types
    must remain the same to avoid an error.

    It is also possible to put remaining items in a List variable:
    	:for [i, j; rest] in listlist
    	:   call Doit(i, j)
    	:   if !empty(rest)
    	:      echo "remainder: " . string(rest)
    	:   endif
    	:endfor

    List functions

    						*E714*
    Functions that are useful with a List:
    	:let r = call(funcname, list)	" call a function with an argument list
    	:if empty(list)			" check if list is empty
    	:let l = len(list)		" number of items in list
    	:let big = max(list)		" maximum value in list
    	:let small = min(list)		" minimum value in list
    	:let xs = count(list, 'x')	" count nr of times 'x' appears in list
    	:let i = index(list, 'x')	" index of first 'x' in list
    	:let lines = getline(1, 10)	" get ten text lines from buffer
    	:call append('$', lines)	" append text lines in buffer
    	:let list = split("a b c")	" create list from items in a string
    	:let string = join(list, ', ')	" create string from list items
    	:let s = string(list)		" String representation of list
    	:call map(list, '">> " . v:val')  " prepend ">> " to each item

    Don't forget that a combination of features can make things simple.  For
    example, to add up all the numbers in a list:
    	:exe 'let sum = ' . join(nrlist, '+')

    1.4 Dictionaries

    					*dict* *Dictionaries* *Dictionary*
    A Dictionary is an associative array: Each entry has a key and a value.  The
    entry can be located with the key.  The entries are stored without a specific
    ordering.

    Dictionary creation

    						*E720* *E721* *E722* *E723*
    A Dictionary is created with a comma separated list of entries in curly
    braces.  Each entry has a key and a value, separated by a colon.  Each key can
    only appear once.  Examples:
    	:let mydict = {1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}
    	:let emptydict = {}

     							*E713* *E716* *E717*
    A key is always a String.  You can use a Number, it will be converted to a
    String automatically.  Thus the String '4' and the number 4 will find the same
    entry.  Note that the String '04' and the Number 04 are different, since the
    Number will be converted to the String '4'.  The empty string can be used as a
    key.

    A value can be any expression.  Using a Dictionary for a value creates a
    nested Dictionary:
    	:let nestdict = {1: {11: 'a', 12: 'b'}, 2: {21: 'c'}}

    An extra comma after the last entry is ignored.

    Accessing entries

    The normal way to access an entry is by putting the key in square brackets:
    	:let val = mydict["one"]
    	:let mydict["four"] = 4

    You can add new entries to an existing Dictionary this way, unlike Lists.

    For keys that consist entirely of letters, digits and underscore the following
    form can be used YXXYexpr-entry|:
    	:let val = mydict.one
    	:let mydict.four = 4

    Since an entry can be any type, also a List and a Dictionary, the indexing and
    key lookup can be repeated:
    	:echo dict.key[idx].key

    Dictionary to List conversion

    You may want to loop over the entries in a dictionary.  For this you need to
    turn the Dictionary into a List and pass it to |:for|.

    Most often you want to loop over the keys, using the |keys()| function:
    	:for key in keys(mydict)
    	:   echo key . ': ' . mydict[key]
    	:endfor

    The List of keys is unsorted.  You may want to sort them first:
    	:for key in sort(keys(mydict))

    To loop over the values use the |values()| function:
    	:for v in values(mydict)
    	:   echo "value: " . v
    	:endfor

    If you want both the key and the value use the |items()| function.  It returns
    a List in which each item is a	List with two items, the key and the value:
    	:for [key, value] in items(mydict)
    	:   echo key . ': ' . value
    	:endfor

    Dictionary identity

    							*dict-identity*
    Just like Lists you need to use |copy()| and |deepcopy()| to make a copy of a
    Dictionary.  Otherwise, assignment results in referring to the same
    Dictionary:
    	:let onedict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
    	:let adict = onedict
    	:let adict['a'] = 11
    	:echo onedict['a']
    	11

    Two Dictionaries compare equal if all the key-value pairs compare equal.  For
    more info see |list-identity|.

    Dictionary modification

    							*dict-modification*
    To change an already existing entry of a Dictionary, or to add a new entry,
    use |:let| this way:
    	:let dict[4] = "four"
    	:let dict['one'] = item

    Removing an entry from a Dictionary is done with |remove()| or |:unlet|.
    Three ways to remove the entry with key "aaa" from dict:
    	:let i = remove(dict, 'aaa')
    	:unlet dict.aaa
    	:unlet dict['aaa']

    Merging a Dictionary with another is done with YXXYextend()|:
    	:call extend(adict, bdict)
    This extends adict with all entries from bdict.  Duplicate keys cause entries
    in adict to be overwritten.  An optional third argument can change this.
    Note that the order of entries in a Dictionary is irrelevant, thus don't
    expect ":echo adict" to show the items from bdict after the older entries in
    adict.

    Weeding out entries from a Dictionary can be done with YXXYfilter()|:
    	:call filter(dict, 'v:val =~ "x"')
    This removes all entries from "dict" with a value not matching 'x'.

    Dictionary function

    				*Dictionary-function* *self* *E725* *E862*
    When a function is defined with the "dict" attribute it can be used in a
    special way with a dictionary.  Example:
    	:function Mylen() dict
    	:   return len(self.data)
    	:endfunction
    	:let mydict = {'data': [0, 1, 2, 3], 'len': function("Mylen")}
    	:echo mydict.len()

    This is like a method in object oriented programming.  The entry in the
    Dictionary is a |Funcref|.  The local variable "self" refers to the dictionary
    the function was invoked from.

    It is also possible to add a function without the "dict" attribute as a
    Funcref to a Dictionary, but the "self" variable is not available then.

    				*numbered-function* *anonymous-function*
    To avoid the extra name for the function it can be defined and directly
    assigned to a Dictionary in this way:
    	:let mydict = {'data': [0, 1, 2, 3]}
    	:function mydict.len()
    	:   return len(self.data)
    	:endfunction
    	:echo mydict.len()

    The function will then get a number and the value of dict.len is a |Funcref|
    that references this function.  The function can only be used through a
    |Funcref|.  It will automatically be deleted when there is no |Funcref|
    remaining that refers to it.

    It is not necessary to use the "dict" attribute for a numbered function.

    If you get an error for a numbered function, you can find out what it is with
    a trick.  Assuming the function is 42, the command is:
    	:function {42}

    Functions for Dictionaries

    							*E715*
    Functions that can be used with a Dictionary:
    	:if has_key(dict, 'foo')	" TRUE if dict has entry with key "foo"
    	:if empty(dict)			" TRUE if dict is empty
    	:let l = len(dict)		" number of items in dict
    	:let big = max(dict)		" maximum value in dict
    	:let small = min(dict)		" minimum value in dict
    	:let xs = count(dict, 'x')	" count nr of times 'x' appears in dict
    	:let s = string(dict)		" String representation of dict
    	:call map(dict, '">> " . v:val')  " prepend ">> " to each item

    1.5 More about variables

    							*more-variables*
    If you need to know the type of a variable or expression, use the |type()|
    function.

    When the '!' flag is included in the 'viminfo' option, global variables that
    start with an uppercase letter, and don't contain a lowercase letter, are
    stored in the viminfo file |viminfo-file|.

    When the 'sessionoptions' option contains "global", global variables that
    start with an uppercase letter and contain at least one lowercase letter are
    stored in the session file |session-file|.

    variable name		can be stored where
    my_var_6		not
    My_Var_6		session file
    MY_VAR_6		viminfo file

    It's possible to form a variable name with curly braces, see
    |curly-braces-names|.

    ==============================================================================

    2. Expression syntax					*expression-syntax*

    Expression syntax summary, from least to most significant:

    |expr1|	expr2
    	expr2 ? expr1 : expr1	if-then-else

    |expr2|	expr3
    	expr3 || expr3 ..	logical OR

    |expr3|	expr4
    	expr4 && expr4 ..	logical AND

    |expr4|	expr5
    	expr5 == expr5		equal
    	expr5 != expr5		not equal
    	expr5 >	 expr5		greater than
    	expr5 >= expr5		greater than or equal
    	expr5 <	 expr5		smaller than
    	expr5 <= expr5		smaller than or equal
    	expr5 =~ expr5		regexp matches
    	expr5 !~ expr5		regexp doesn't match

    	expr5 ==? expr5		equal, ignoring case
    	expr5 ==# expr5		equal, match case
    	etc.			As above, append ? for ignoring case, # for
    				matching case

    	expr5 is expr5		same |List| instance
    	expr5 isnot expr5	different |List| instance

    |expr5|	expr6
    	expr6 +	 expr6 ..	number addition or list concatenation
    	expr6 -	 expr6 ..	number subtraction
    	expr6 .	 expr6 ..	string concatenation

    |expr6|	expr7
    	expr7 *	 expr7 ..	number multiplication
    	expr7 /	 expr7 ..	number division
    	expr7 %	 expr7 ..	number modulo

    |expr7|	expr8
    	! expr7			logical NOT
    	- expr7			unary minus
    	+ expr7			unary plus

    |expr8|	expr9
    	expr8[expr1]		byte of a String or item of a |List|
    	expr8[expr1 : expr1]	substring of a String or sublist of a |List|
    	expr8.name		entry in a |Dictionary|
    	expr8(expr1, ...)	function call with |Funcref| variable

    |expr9|	number			number constant
    	"string"		string constant, backslash is special
    	'string'		string constant, '' is doubled
    	[expr1, ...]		|List|
    	{expr1: expr1, ...}	|Dictionary|
    	&option			option value
    	(expr1)			nested expression
    	variable		internal variable
    	va{ria}ble		internal variable with curly braces
    	$VAR			environment variable
    	@r			contents of register 'r'
    	function(expr1, ...)	function call
    	func{ti}on(expr1, ...)	function call with curly braces
    	{args -> expr1}		lambda expression

    ".." indicates that the operations in this level can be concatenated.
    Example:
    	&nu || &list && &shell == "csh"

    All expressions within one level are parsed from left to right.

    expr1							*expr1* *E109*

    expr2 ? expr1 : expr1

    The expression before the '?' is evaluated to a number.  If it evaluates to
    |TRUE|, the result is the value of the expression between the '?' and ':',
    otherwise the result is the value of the expression after the ':'.
    Example:
    	:echo lnum == 1 ? "top" : lnum

    Since the first expression is an "expr2", it cannot contain another ?:.  The
    other two expressions can, thus allow for recursive use of ?:.
    Example:
    	:echo lnum == 1 ? "top" : lnum == 1000 ? "last" : lnum

    To keep this readable, using |line-continuation| is suggested:
    	:echo lnum == 1
    	:\	? "top"
    	:\	: lnum == 1000
    	:\		? "last"
    	:\		: lnum

    You should always put a space before the ':', otherwise it can be mistaken for
    use in a variable such as "a:1".

    expr2 and expr3						*expr2* *expr3*

    expr3 || expr3 ..	logical OR		*expr-barbar*

    expr4 && expr4 ..	logical AND		*expr-&&*

    The "||" and "&&" operators take one argument on each side.  The arguments
    are (converted to) Numbers.  The result is:

        input			 output
    n1	n2		n1 || n2	n1 && n2
    |FALSE|	|FALSE|		|FALSE|		|FALSE|
    |FALSE|	|TRUE|		|TRUE|		|FALSE|
    |TRUE|	|FALSE|		|TRUE|		|FALSE|
    |TRUE|	|TRUE|		|TRUE|		|TRUE|

    The operators can be concatenated, for example:

    	&nu || &list && &shell == "csh"

    Note that "&&" takes precedence over "||", so this has the meaning of:

    	&nu || (&list && &shell == "csh")

    Once the result is known, the expression "short-circuits", that is, further
    arguments are not evaluated.  This is like what happens in C.  For example:

    	let a = 1
    	echo a || b

    This is valid even if there is no variable called "b" because "a" is |TRUE|,
    so the result must be |TRUE|.  Similarly below:

    	echo exists("b") && b == "yes"

    This is valid whether "b" has been defined or not.  The second clause will
    only be evaluated if "b" has been defined.

    expr4							*expr4*

    expr5 {cmp} expr5

    Compare two expr5 expressions, resulting in a 0 if it evaluates to false, or 1
    if it evaluates to true.

    			*expr-==*  *expr-!=*  *expr->*	 *expr->=*

    			*expr-<*   *expr-<=*  *expr-=~*  *expr-!~*

    			*expr-==#* *expr-!=#* *expr->#*  *expr->=#*

    			*expr-<#*  *expr-<=#* *expr-=~#* *expr-!~#*

    			*expr-==?* *expr-!=?* *expr->?*  *expr->=?*

    			*expr-<?*  *expr-<=?* *expr-=~?* *expr-!~?*

    			*expr-is* *expr-isnot* *expr-is#* *expr-isnot#*

    			*expr-is?* *expr-isnot?*
    		use 'ignorecase'    match case	   ignore case
    equal			==		==#		==?
    not equal		!=		!=#		!=?
    greater than		>		>#		>?
    greater than or equal	>=		>=#		>=?
    smaller than		<		<#		<?
    smaller than or equal	<=		<=#		<=?
    regexp matches		=~		=~#		=~?
    regexp doesn't match	!~		!~#		!~?
    same instance		is		is#		is?
    different instance	isnot		isnot#		isnot?

    Examples:
    "abc" ==# "Abc"	  evaluates to 0
    "abc" ==? "Abc"	  evaluates to 1
    "abc" == "Abc"	  evaluates to 1 if 'ignorecase' is set, 0 otherwise

    							*E691* *E692*
    A |List| can only be compared with a |List| and only "equal", "not equal",
    "is" and "isnot" can be used.  This compares the values of the list,
    recursively.  Ignoring case means case is ignored when comparing item values.

    							*E735* *E736*
    A |Dictionary| can only be compared with a |Dictionary| and only "equal", "not
    equal", "is" and "isnot" can be used.  This compares the key/values of the
    |Dictionary| recursively.  Ignoring case means case is ignored when comparing
    item values.

    							*E694*
    A |Funcref| can only be compared with a |Funcref| and only "equal", "not
    equal", "is" and "isnot" can be used.  Case is never ignored.  Whether
    arguments or a Dictionary are bound (with a partial) matters.  The
    Dictionaries must also be equal (or the same, in case of "is") and the
    arguments must be equal (or the same).

    To compare Funcrefs to see if they refer to the same function, ignoring bound
    Dictionary and arguments, use |get()| to get the function name:
    	if get(Part1, 'name') == get(Part2, 'name')
    	   " Part1 and Part2 refer to the same function

    When using "is" or "isnot" with a |List| or a |Dictionary| this checks if the
    expressions are referring to the same |List| or |Dictionary| instance.  A copy
    of a |List| is different from the original |List|.  When using "is" without
    a |List| or a |Dictionary| it is equivalent to using "equal", using "isnot"
    equivalent to using "not equal".  Except that a different type means the
    values are different:
    	echo 4 == '4'
    	1
    	echo 4 is '4'
    	0
    	echo 0 is []
    	0
    "is#"/"isnot#" and "is?"/"isnot?" can be used to match and ignore case.

    When comparing a String with a Number, the String is converted to a Number,
    and the comparison is done on Numbers.  This means that:
    	echo 0 == 'x'
    	1
    because 'x' converted to a Number is zero.  However:
    	echo [0] == ['x']
    	0
    Inside a List or Dictionary this conversion is not used.

    When comparing two Strings, this is done with strcmp() or stricmp().  This
    results in the mathematical difference (comparing byte values), not
    necessarily the alphabetical difference in the local language.

    When using the operators with a trailing '#', or the short version and
    'ignorecase' is off, the comparing is done with strcmp(): case matters.

    When using the operators with a trailing '?', or the short version and
    'ignorecase' is set, the comparing is done with stricmp(): case is ignored.

    'smartcase' is not used.

    The "=~" and "!~" operators match the lefthand argument with the righthand
    argument, which is used as a pattern.  See |pattern| for what a pattern is.
    This matching is always done like 'magic' was set and 'cpoptions' is empty, no
    matter what the actual value of 'magic' or 'cpoptions' is.  This makes scripts
    portable.  To avoid backslashes in the regexp pattern to be doubled, use a
    single-quote string, see |literal-string|.
    Since a string is considered to be a single line, a multi-line pattern
    (containing \n, backslash-n) will not match.  However, a literal NL character
    can be matched like an ordinary character.  Examples:
    	"foo\nbar" =~ "\n"	evaluates to 1
    	"foo\nbar" =~ "\\n"	evaluates to 0

    expr5 and expr6						*expr5* *expr6*

    expr6 +	 expr6 ..	Number addition or |List| concatenation	*expr-+*

    expr6 -	 expr6 ..	Number subtraction			*expr--*

    expr6 .	 expr6 ..	String concatenation			*expr-.*

    For |Lists| only "+" is possible and then both expr6 must be a list.  The
    result is a new list with the two lists Concatenated.

    expr7 *	 expr7 ..	Number multiplication			*expr-star*

    expr7 /	 expr7 ..	Number division				*expr-/*

    expr7 %	 expr7 ..	Number modulo				*expr-%*

    For all, except ".", Strings are converted to Numbers.
    For bitwise operators see |and()|, |or()| and |xor()|.

    Note the difference between "+" and ".":
    	"123" + "456" = 579
    	"123" . "456" = "123456"

    Since '.' has the same precedence as '+' and '-', you need to read:
    	1 . 90 + 90.0
    As:
    	(1 . 90) + 90.0
    That works, since the String "190" is automatically converted to the Number
    190, which can be added to the Float 90.0.  However:
    	1 . 90 * 90.0
    Should be read as:
    	1 . (90 * 90.0)
    Since '.' has lower precedence than '*'.  This does NOT work, since this
    attempts to concatenate a Float and a String.

    When dividing a Number by zero the result depends on the value:
    	  0 / 0  = -0x80000000	(like NaN for Float)
    	 >0 / 0  =  0x7fffffff	(like positive infinity)
    	 <0 / 0  = -0x7fffffff	(like negative infinity)
    	(before Vim 7.2 it was always 0x7fffffff)

    When 64-bit Number support is enabled:
    	  0 / 0  = -0x8000000000000000	(like NaN for Float)
    	 >0 / 0  =  0x7fffffffffffffff	(like positive infinity)
    	 <0 / 0  = -0x7fffffffffffffff	(like negative infinity)

    When the righthand side of '%' is zero, the result is 0.

    None of these work for |Funcref|s.

    . and % do not work for Float. *E804*

    expr7							*expr7*

    ! expr7			logical NOT		*expr-!*

    - expr7			unary minus		*expr-unary--*

    + expr7			unary plus		*expr-unary-+*

    For '!' |TRUE| becomes |FALSE|, |FALSE| becomes |TRUE| (one).
    For '-' the sign of the number is changed.
    For '+' the number is unchanged.

    A String will be converted to a Number first.

    These three can be repeated and mixed.  Examples:
    	!-1	    == 0
    	!!8	    == 1
    	--9	    == 9

    expr8							*expr8*

    expr8[expr1]		item of String or |List|	*expr-[]* *E111*

    							*E909* *subscript*
    If expr8 is a Number or String this results in a String that contains the
    expr1'th single byte from expr8.  expr8 is used as a String, expr1 as a
    Number.  This doesn't recognize multi-byte encodings, see `byteidx()` for
    an alternative, or use `split()` to turn the string into a list of characters.

    Index zero gives the first byte.  This is like it works in C.  Careful:
    text column numbers start with one!  Example, to get the byte under the
    cursor:
    	:let c = getline(".")[col(".") - 1]

    If the length of the String is less than the index, the result is an empty
    String.  A negative index always results in an empty string (reason: backward
    compatibility).  Use [-1:] to get the last byte.

    If expr8 is a |List| then it results the item at index expr1.  See |list-index|
    for possible index values.  If the index is out of range this results in an
    error.  Example:
    	:let item = mylist[-1]		" get last item

    Generally, if a |List| index is equal to or higher than the length of the
    |List|, or more negative than the length of the |List|, this results in an
    error.

    expr8[expr1a : expr1b]	substring or sublist		*expr-[:]*

    If expr8 is a Number or String this results in the substring with the bytes
    from expr1a to and including expr1b.  expr8 is used as a String, expr1a and
    expr1b are used as a Number.  This doesn't recognize multi-byte encodings, see
    |byteidx()| for computing the indexes.

    If expr1a is omitted zero is used.  If expr1b is omitted the length of the
    string minus one is used.

    A negative number can be used to measure from the end of the string.  -1 is
    the last character, -2 the last but one, etc.

    If an index goes out of range for the string characters are omitted.  If
    expr1b is smaller than expr1a the result is an empty string.

    Examples:
    	:let c = name[-1:]		" last byte of a string
    	:let c = name[-2:-2]		" last but one byte of a string
    	:let s = line(".")[4:]		" from the fifth byte to the end
    	:let s = s[:-3]			" remove last two bytes

    							*slice*
    If expr8 is a |List| this results in a new |List| with the items indicated by
    the indexes expr1a and expr1b.  This works like with a String, as explained
    just above. Also see |sublist| below.  Examples:
    	:let l = mylist[:3]		" first four items
    	:let l = mylist[4:4]		" List with one item
    	:let l = mylist[:]		" shallow copy of a List

    Using expr8[expr1] or expr8[expr1a : expr1b] on a |Funcref| results in an
    error.

    Watch out for confusion between a namespace and a variable followed by a colon
    for a sublist:
    	mylist[n:]     " uses variable n
    	mylist[s:]     " uses namespace s:, error!

    expr8.name		entry in a |Dictionary|		*expr-entry*

    If expr8 is a |Dictionary| and it is followed by a dot, then the following
    name will be used as a key in the |Dictionary|.  This is just like:
    expr8[name].

    The name must consist of alphanumeric characters, just like a variable name,
    but it may start with a number.  Curly braces cannot be used.

    There must not be white space before or after the dot.

    Examples:
    	:let dict = {"one": 1, 2: "two"}
    	:echo dict.one
    	:echo dict .2

    Note that the dot is also used for String concatenation.  To avoid confusion
    always put spaces around the dot for String concatenation.

    expr8(expr1, ...)	|Funcref| function call

    When expr8 is a |Funcref| type variable, invoke the function it refers to.

    							*expr9*
    number

    number			number constant			*expr-number*

    				*hex-number* *octal-number* *binary-number*

    Decimal, Hexadecimal (starting with 0x or 0X), Binary (starting with 0b or 0B)
    and Octal (starting with 0).

    						*floating-point-format*
    Floating point numbers can be written in two forms:

    	[-+]{N}.{M}
    	[-+]{N}.{M}[eE][-+]{exp}

    {N} and {M} are numbers.  Both {N} and {M} must be present and can only
    contain digits.
    [-+] means there is an optional plus or minus sign.
    {exp} is the exponent, power of 10.
    Only a decimal point is accepted, not a comma.  No matter what the current
    locale is.
    {only when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    Examples:
    	123.456
    	+0.0001
    	55.0
    	-0.123
    	1.234e03
    	1.0E-6
    	-3.1416e+88

    These are INVALID:
    	3.		empty {M}
    	1e40		missing .{M}

    							*float-pi* *float-e*
    A few useful values to copy&paste:
    	:let pi = 3.14159265359
    	:let e  = 2.71828182846

    Rationale:
    Before floating point was introduced, the text "123.456" was interpreted as
    the two numbers "123" and "456", both converted to a string and concatenated,
    resulting in the string "123456".  Since this was considered pointless, and we
    could not find it intentionally being used in Vim scripts, this backwards
    incompatibility was accepted in favor of being able to use the normal notation
    for floating point numbers.

    						*floating-point-precision*
    The precision and range of floating points numbers depends on what "double"
    means in the library Vim was compiled with.  There is no way to change this at
    runtime.

    The default for displaying a |Float| is to use 6 decimal places, like using
    printf("%g", ff).  You can select something else when using the |printf()|
    function.  Example:
    	:echo printf('%.15e', atan(1))
     	7.853981633974483e-01

    string					*string* *String* *expr-string* *E114*

    "string"		string constant		*expr-quote*

    Note that double quotes are used.

    A string constant accepts these special characters:
    \...	three-digit octal number (e.g., "\316")
    \..	two-digit octal number (must be followed by non-digit)
    \.	one-digit octal number (must be followed by non-digit)
    \x..	byte specified with two hex numbers (e.g., "\x1f")
    \x.	byte specified with one hex number (must be followed by non-hex char)
    \X..	same as \x..
    \X.	same as \x.
    \u....	character specified with up to 4 hex numbers, stored according to the
    	current value of 'encoding' (e.g., "\u02a4")
    \U....	same as \u but allows up to 8 hex numbers.
    \b	backspace <BS>
    \e	escape <Esc>
    \f	formfeed <FF>
    \n	newline <NL>
    \r	return <CR>
    \t	tab <Tab>
    \\	backslash
    \"	double quote
    \<xxx>	Special key named "xxx".  e.g. "\<C-W>" for CTRL-W.  This is for use
    	in mappings, the 0x80 byte is escaped.
    	To use the double quote character it must be escaped: "<M-\">".
    	Don't use <Char-xxxx> to get a utf-8 character, use \uxxxx as
    	mentioned above.

    Note that "\xff" is stored as the byte 255, which may be invalid in some
    encodings.  Use "\u00ff" to store character 255 according to the current value
    of 'encoding'.

    Note that "\000" and "\x00" force the end of the string.

    literal-string						*literal-string* *E115*

    'string'		string constant			*expr-'*

    Note that single quotes are used.

    This string is taken as it is.  No backslashes are removed or have a special
    meaning.  The only exception is that two quotes stand for one quote.

    Single quoted strings are useful for patterns, so that backslashes do not need
    to be doubled.  These two commands are equivalent:
    	if a =~ "\\s*"
    	if a =~ '\s*'

    option						*expr-option* *E112* *E113*
    &option			option value, local value if possible
    &g:option		global option value
    &l:option		local option value

    Examples:
    	echo "tabstop is " . &tabstop
    	if &insertmode

    Any option name can be used here.  See |options|.  When using the local value
    and there is no buffer-local or window-local value, the global value is used
    anyway.

    register						*expr-register* *@r*
    @r			contents of register 'r'

    The result is the contents of the named register, as a single string.
    Newlines are inserted where required.  To get the contents of the unnamed
    register use @" or @@.  See |registers| for an explanation of the available
    registers.

    When using the '=' register you get the expression itself, not what it
    evaluates to.  Use |eval()| to evaluate it.

    nesting							*expr-nesting* *E110*
    (expr1)			nested expression

    environment variable					*expr-env*
    $VAR			environment variable

    The String value of any environment variable.  When it is not defined, the
    result is an empty string.

    						*expr-env-expand*
    Note that there is a difference between using $VAR directly and using
    expand("$VAR").  Using it directly will only expand environment variables that
    are known inside the current Vim session.  Using expand() will first try using
    the environment variables known inside the current Vim session.  If that
    fails, a shell will be used to expand the variable.  This can be slow, but it
    does expand all variables that the shell knows about.  Example:
    	:echo $shell
    	:echo expand("$shell")
    The first one probably doesn't echo anything, the second echoes the $shell
    variable (if your shell supports it).

    internal variable					*expr-variable*
    variable		internal variable
    See below |internal-variables|.

    function call		*expr-function* *E116* *E118* *E119* *E120*
    function(expr1, ...)	function call
    See below |functions|.

    lambda expression				*expr-lambda* *lambda*
    {args -> expr1}		lambda expression

    A lambda expression creates a new unnamed function which returns the result of
    evaluating |expr1|.  Lambda expressions differ from |user-functions| in
    the following ways:

    1. The body of the lambda expression is an |expr1| and not a sequence of |Ex|
       commands.
    2. The prefix "a:" should not be used for arguments.  E.g.:
    	:let F = {arg1, arg2 -> arg1 - arg2}
    	:echo F(5, 2)
     	3

    The arguments are optional.  Example:
    	:let F = {-> 'error function'}
    	:echo F()
     	error function

    							*closure*
    Lambda expressions can access outer scope variables and arguments.  This is
    often called a closure.  Example where "i" and "a:arg" are used in a lambda
    while they already exist in the function scope.  They remain valid even after
    the function returns:
    	:function Foo(arg)
    	:  let i = 3
    	:  return {x -> x + i - a:arg}
    	:endfunction
    	:let Bar = Foo(4)
    	:echo Bar(6)
     	5

    Note that the variables must exist in the outer scope before the lamba is
    defined for this to work.  See also |:func-closure|.

    Lambda and closure support can be checked with:
    	if has('lambda')

    Examples for using a lambda expression with |sort()|, |map()| and |filter()|:
    	:echo map([1, 2, 3], {idx, val -> val + 1})
     	[2, 3, 4]
    	:echo sort([3,7,2,1,4], {a, b -> a - b})
     	[1, 2, 3, 4, 7]

    The lambda expression is also useful for Channel, Job and timer:
    	:let timer = timer_start(500,
    			\ {-> execute("echo 'Handler called'", "")},
    			\ {'repeat': 3})
     	Handler called
    	Handler called
    	Handler called

    Note how execute() is used to execute an Ex command.  That's ugly though.

    Lambda expressions have internal names like '<lambda>42'.  If you get an error
    for a lambda expression, you can find what it is with the following command:
    	:function {'<lambda>42'}
    See also: |numbered-function|

    ==============================================================================

    3. Internal variable				*internal-variables* *E461*

    An internal variable name can be made up of letters, digits and '_'.  But it
    cannot start with a digit.  It's also possible to use curly braces, see
    |curly-braces-names|.

    An internal variable is created with the ":let" command |:let|.
    An internal variable is explicitly destroyed with the ":unlet" command
    |:unlet|.
    Using a name that is not an internal variable or refers to a variable that has
    been destroyed results in an error.

    There are several name spaces for variables.  Which one is to be used is
    specified by what is prepended:

    		(nothing) In a function: local to a function; otherwise: global
    |buffer-variable|    b:	  Local to the current buffer.
    |window-variable|    w:	  Local to the current window.
    |tabpage-variable|   t:	  Local to the current tab page.
    |global-variable|    g:	  Global.
    |local-variable|     l:	  Local to a function.
    |script-variable|    s:	  Local to a |:source|'ed Vim script.
    |function-argument|  a:	  Function argument (only inside a function).
    |vim-variable|       v:	  Global, predefined by Vim.

    The scope name by itself can be used as a |Dictionary|.  For example, to
    delete all script-local variables:
    	:for k in keys(s:)
    	:    unlet s:[k]
    	:endfor

    						*buffer-variable* *b:var* *b:*
    A variable name that is preceded with "b:" is local to the current buffer.
    Thus you can have several "b:foo" variables, one for each buffer.
    This kind of variable is deleted when the buffer is wiped out or deleted with
    |:bdelete|.

    One local buffer variable is predefined:

    					*b:changedtick* *changetick*
    b:changedtick	The total number of changes to the current buffer.  It is
    		incremented for each change.  An undo command is also a change
    		in this case.  This can be used to perform an action only when
    		the buffer has changed.  Example:
    		    :if my_changedtick != b:changedtick
    		    :	let my_changedtick = b:changedtick
    		    :	call My_Update()
    		    :endif
     		You cannot change or delete the b:changedtick variable.

    						*window-variable* *w:var* *w:*
    A variable name that is preceded with "w:" is local to the current window.  It
    is deleted when the window is closed.

    						*tabpage-variable* *t:var* *t:*
    A variable name that is preceded with "t:" is local to the current tab page,
    It is deleted when the tab page is closed. {not available when compiled
    without the |+windows| feature}

    						*global-variable* *g:var* *g:*
    Inside functions global variables are accessed with "g:".  Omitting this will
    access a variable local to a function.  But "g:" can also be used in any other
    place if you like.

    						*local-variable* *l:var* *l:*
    Inside functions local variables are accessed without prepending anything.
    But you can also prepend "l:" if you like.  However, without prepending "l:"
    you may run into reserved variable names.  For example "count".  By itself it
    refers to "v:count".  Using "l:count" you can have a local variable with the
    same name.

    						*script-variable* *s:var*
    In a Vim script variables starting with "s:" can be used.  They cannot be
    accessed from outside of the scripts, thus are local to the script.

    They can be used in:
    - commands executed while the script is sourced
    - functions defined in the script
    - autocommands defined in the script
    - functions and autocommands defined in functions and autocommands which were
      defined in the script (recursively)
    - user defined commands defined in the script
    Thus not in:
    - other scripts sourced from this one
    - mappings
    - menus
    - etc.

    Script variables can be used to avoid conflicts with global variable names.
    Take this example:

    	let s:counter = 0
    	function MyCounter()
    	  let s:counter = s:counter + 1
    	  echo s:counter
    	endfunction
    	command Tick call MyCounter()

    You can now invoke "Tick" from any script, and the "s:counter" variable in
    that script will not be changed, only the "s:counter" in the script where
    "Tick" was defined is used.

    Another example that does the same:

    	let s:counter = 0
    	command Tick let s:counter = s:counter + 1 | echo s:counter

    When calling a function and invoking a user-defined command, the context for
    script variables is set to the script where the function or command was
    defined.

    The script variables are also available when a function is defined inside a
    function that is defined in a script.  Example:

    	let s:counter = 0
    	function StartCounting(incr)
    	  if a:incr
    	    function MyCounter()
    	      let s:counter = s:counter + 1
    	    endfunction
    	  else
    	    function MyCounter()
    	      let s:counter = s:counter - 1
    	    endfunction
    	  endif
    	endfunction

    This defines the MyCounter() function either for counting up or counting down
    when calling StartCounting().  It doesn't matter from where StartCounting() is
    called, the s:counter variable will be accessible in MyCounter().

    When the same script is sourced again it will use the same script variables.
    They will remain valid as long as Vim is running.  This can be used to
    maintain a counter:

    	if !exists("s:counter")
    	  let s:counter = 1
    	  echo "script executed for the first time"
    	else
    	  let s:counter = s:counter + 1
    	  echo "script executed " . s:counter . " times now"
    	endif

    Note that this means that filetype plugins don't get a different set of script
    variables for each buffer.  Use local buffer variables instead |b:var|.

    Predefined Vim variables:			*vim-variable* *v:var* *v:*

    					*v:beval_col* *beval_col-variable*
    v:beval_col	The number of the column, over which the mouse pointer is.
    		This is the byte index in the |v:beval_lnum| line.
    		Only valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option.

    					*v:beval_bufnr* *beval_bufnr-variable*
    v:beval_bufnr	The number of the buffer, over which the mouse pointer is. Only
    		valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option.

    					*v:beval_lnum* *beval_lnum-variable*
    v:beval_lnum	The number of the line, over which the mouse pointer is. Only
    		valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option.

    					*v:beval_text* *beval_text-variable*
    v:beval_text	The text under or after the mouse pointer.  Usually a word as
    		it is useful for debugging a C program.  'iskeyword' applies,
    		but a dot and "->" before the position is included.  When on a
    		']' the text before it is used, including the matching '[' and
    		word before it.  When on a Visual area within one line the
    		highlighted text is used.  Also see |<cexpr>|.
    		Only valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option.

    					*v:beval_winnr* *beval_winnr-variable*
    v:beval_winnr	The number of the window, over which the mouse pointer is. Only
    		valid while evaluating the 'balloonexpr' option.  The first
    		window has number zero (unlike most other places where a
    		window gets a number).

    					*v:beval_winid* *beval_winid-variable*
    v:beval_winid	The |window-ID| of the window, over which the mouse pointer
    		is.  Otherwise like v:beval_winnr.

    					*v:char* *char-variable*
    v:char		Argument for evaluating 'formatexpr' and used for the typed
    		character when using <expr> in an abbreviation |:map-<expr>|.
    		It is also used by the |InsertCharPre| and |InsertEnter| events.

    			*v:charconvert_from* *charconvert_from-variable*
    v:charconvert_from
    		The name of the character encoding of a file to be converted.
    		Only valid while evaluating the 'charconvert' option.

    			*v:charconvert_to* *charconvert_to-variable*
    v:charconvert_to
    		The name of the character encoding of a file after conversion.
    		Only valid while evaluating the 'charconvert' option.

    					*v:cmdarg* *cmdarg-variable*
    v:cmdarg	This variable is used for two purposes:
    		1. The extra arguments given to a file read/write command.
    		   Currently these are "++enc=" and "++ff=".  This variable is
    		   set before an autocommand event for a file read/write
    		   command is triggered.  There is a leading space to make it
    		   possible to append this variable directly after the
    		   read/write command.  Note: The "+cmd" argument isn't
    		   included here, because it will be executed anyway.
    		2. When printing a PostScript file with ":hardcopy" this is
    		   the argument for the ":hardcopy" command.  This can be used
    		   in 'printexpr'.

    					*v:cmdbang* *cmdbang-variable*
    v:cmdbang	Set like v:cmdarg for a file read/write command.  When a "!"
    		was used the value is 1, otherwise it is 0.  Note that this
    		can only be used in autocommands.  For user commands |<bang>|
    		can be used.

    				*v:completed_item* *completed_item-variable*
    v:completed_item
    		|Dictionary| containing the |complete-items| for the most
    		recently completed word after |CompleteDone|.  The
    		|Dictionary| is empty if the completion failed.

    					*v:count* *count-variable*
    v:count		The count given for the last Normal mode command.  Can be used
    		to get the count before a mapping.  Read-only.  Example:
    	:map _x :<C-U>echo "the count is " . v:count<CR>
     		Note: The <C-U> is required to remove the line range that you
    		get when typing ':' after a count.
    		When there are two counts, as in "3d2w", they are multiplied,
    		just like what happens in the command, "d6w" for the example.
    		Also used for evaluating the 'formatexpr' option.
    		"count" also works, for backwards compatibility.

    					*v:count1* *count1-variable*
    v:count1	Just like "v:count", but defaults to one when no count is
    		used.

    						*v:ctype* *ctype-variable*
    v:ctype		The current locale setting for characters of the runtime
    		environment.  This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the
    		current locale encoding.  Technical: it's the value of
    		LC_CTYPE.  When not using a locale the value is "C".
    		This variable can not be set directly, use the |:language|
    		command.
    		See |multi-lang|.

    					*v:dying* *dying-variable*
    v:dying		Normally zero.  When a deadly signal is caught it's set to
    		one.  When multiple signals are caught the number increases.
    		Can be used in an autocommand to check if Vim didn't
    		terminate normally. {only works on Unix}
    		Example:
    	:au VimLeave * if v:dying | echo "\nAAAAaaaarrrggghhhh!!!\n" | endif
     		Note: if another deadly signal is caught when v:dying is one,
    		VimLeave autocommands will not be executed.

    					*v:errmsg* *errmsg-variable*
    v:errmsg	Last given error message.  It's allowed to set this variable.
    		Example:
    	:let v:errmsg = ""
    	:silent! next
    	:if v:errmsg != ""
    	:  ... handle error
     		"errmsg" also works, for backwards compatibility.

    				*v:errors* *errors-variable* *assert-return*
    v:errors	Errors found by assert functions, such as |assert_true()|.
    		This is a list of strings.
    		The assert functions append an item when an assert fails.
    		The return value indicates this: a one is returned if an item
    		was added to v:errors, otherwise zero is returned.
    		To remove old results make it empty:
    	:let v:errors = []
     		If v:errors is set to anything but a list it is made an empty
    		list by the assert function.

    					*v:event* *event-variable*
    v:event		Dictionary containing information about the current
    		|autocommand|.  The dictionary is emptied when the |autocommand|
    		finishes, please refer to |dict-identity| for how to get an
    		independent copy of it.

    					*v:exception* *exception-variable*
    v:exception	The value of the exception most recently caught and not
    		finished.  See also |v:throwpoint| and |throw-variables|.
    		Example:
    	:try
    	:  throw "oops"
    	:catch /.*/
    	:  echo "caught" v:exception
    	:endtry
     		Output: "caught oops".

    					*v:false* *false-variable*
    v:false		A Number with value zero. Used to put "false" in JSON.  See
    		|json_encode()|.
    		When used as a string this evaluates to "v:false".
    			echo v:false
     			v:false
    		That is so that eval() can parse the string back to the same
    		value.  Read-only.

    					*v:fcs_reason* *fcs_reason-variable*
    v:fcs_reason	The reason why the |FileChangedShell| event was triggered.
    		Can be used in an autocommand to decide what to do and/or what
    		to set v:fcs_choice to.  Possible values:
    			deleted		file no longer exists
    			conflict	file contents, mode or timestamp was
    					changed and buffer is modified
    			changed		file contents has changed
    			mode		mode of file changed
    			time		only file timestamp changed

    					*v:fcs_choice* *fcs_choice-variable*
    v:fcs_choice	What should happen after a |FileChangedShell| event was
    		triggered.  Can be used in an autocommand to tell Vim what to
    		do with the affected buffer:
    			reload		Reload the buffer (does not work if
    					the file was deleted).
    			ask		Ask the user what to do, as if there
    					was no autocommand.  Except that when
    					only the timestamp changed nothing
    					will happen.
    			<empty>		Nothing, the autocommand should do
    					everything that needs to be done.
    		The default is empty.  If another (invalid) value is used then
    		Vim behaves like it is empty, there is no warning message.

    					*v:fname_in* *fname_in-variable*
    v:fname_in	The name of the input file.  Valid while evaluating:
    			option		used for
    			'charconvert'	file to be converted
    			'diffexpr'	original file
    			'patchexpr'	original file
    			'printexpr'	file to be printed
    		And set to the swap file name for |SwapExists|.

    					*v:fname_out* *fname_out-variable*
    v:fname_out	The name of the output file.  Only valid while
    		evaluating:
    			option		used for
    			'charconvert'	resulting converted file (*)
    			'diffexpr'	output of diff
    			'patchexpr'	resulting patched file
    		(*) When doing conversion for a write command (e.g., ":w
    		file") it will be equal to v:fname_in.  When doing conversion
    		for a read command (e.g., ":e file") it will be a temporary
    		file and different from v:fname_in.

    					*v:fname_new* *fname_new-variable*
    v:fname_new	The name of the new version of the file.  Only valid while
    		evaluating 'diffexpr'.

    					*v:fname_diff* *fname_diff-variable*
    v:fname_diff	The name of the diff (patch) file.  Only valid while
    		evaluating 'patchexpr'.

    					*v:folddashes* *folddashes-variable*
    v:folddashes	Used for 'foldtext': dashes representing foldlevel of a closed
    		fold.
    		Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext|

    					*v:foldlevel* *foldlevel-variable*
    v:foldlevel	Used for 'foldtext': foldlevel of closed fold.
    		Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext|

    					*v:foldend* *foldend-variable*
    v:foldend	Used for 'foldtext': last line of closed fold.
    		Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext|

    					*v:foldstart* *foldstart-variable*
    v:foldstart	Used for 'foldtext': first line of closed fold.
    		Read-only in the |sandbox|. |fold-foldtext|

    					*v:hlsearch* *hlsearch-variable*
    v:hlsearch	Variable that indicates whether search highlighting is on.
    		Setting it makes sense only if 'hlsearch' is enabled which
    		requires |+extra_search|. Setting this variable to zero acts
    		like the |:nohlsearch| command, setting it to one acts like
    			let &hlsearch = &hlsearch
     		Note that the value is restored when returning from a
    		function. |function-search-undo|.

    					*v:insertmode* *insertmode-variable*
    v:insertmode	Used for the |InsertEnter| and |InsertChange| autocommand
    		events.  Values:
    			i	Insert mode
    			r	Replace mode
    			v	Virtual Replace mode

    						*v:key* *key-variable*
    v:key		Key of the current item of a |Dictionary|.  Only valid while
    		evaluating the expression used with |map()| and |filter()|.
    		Read-only.

    						*v:lang* *lang-variable*
    v:lang		The current locale setting for messages of the runtime
    		environment.  This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the
    		current language.  Technical: it's the value of LC_MESSAGES.
    		The value is system dependent.
    		This variable can not be set directly, use the |:language|
    		command.
    		It can be different from |v:ctype| when messages are desired
    		in a different language than what is used for character
    		encoding.  See |multi-lang|.

    						*v:lc_time* *lc_time-variable*
    v:lc_time	The current locale setting for time messages of the runtime
    		environment.  This allows Vim scripts to be aware of the
    		current language.  Technical: it's the value of LC_TIME.
    		This variable can not be set directly, use the |:language|
    		command.  See |multi-lang|.

    						*v:lnum* *lnum-variable*
    v:lnum		Line number for the 'foldexpr' |fold-expr|, 'formatexpr' and
    		'indentexpr' expressions, tab page number for 'guitablabel'
    		and 'guitabtooltip'.  Only valid while one of these
    		expressions is being evaluated.  Read-only when in the
    		|sandbox|.

    					*v:mouse_win* *mouse_win-variable*
    v:mouse_win	Window number for a mouse click obtained with |getchar()|.
    		First window has number 1, like with |winnr()|.  The value is
    		zero when there was no mouse button click.

    					*v:mouse_winid* *mouse_winid-variable*
    v:mouse_winid	Window ID for a mouse click obtained with |getchar()|.
    		The value is zero when there was no mouse button click.

    					*v:mouse_lnum* *mouse_lnum-variable*
    v:mouse_lnum	Line number for a mouse click obtained with |getchar()|.
    		This is the text line number, not the screen line number.  The
    		value is zero when there was no mouse button click.

    					*v:mouse_col* *mouse_col-variable*
    v:mouse_col	Column number for a mouse click obtained with |getchar()|.
    		This is the screen column number, like with |virtcol()|.  The
    		value is zero when there was no mouse button click.

    					*v:none* *none-variable*
    v:none		An empty String. Used to put an empty item in JSON.  See
    		|json_encode()|.
    		When used as a number this evaluates to zero.
    		When used as a string this evaluates to "v:none".
    			echo v:none
     			v:none
    		That is so that eval() can parse the string back to the same
    		value.  Read-only.

    					*v:null* *null-variable*
    v:null		An empty String. Used to put "null" in JSON.  See
    		|json_encode()|.
    		When used as a number this evaluates to zero.
    		When used as a string this evaluates to "v:null".
    			echo v:null
     			v:null
    		That is so that eval() can parse the string back to the same
    		value.  Read-only.

    					*v:oldfiles* *oldfiles-variable*
    v:oldfiles	List of file names that is loaded from the |viminfo| file on
    		startup.  These are the files that Vim remembers marks for.
    		The length of the List is limited by the '' argument of the
    		'viminfo' option (default is 100).
    		When the |viminfo| file is not used the List is empty.
    		Also see |:oldfiles| and |c_#<|.
    		The List can be modified, but this has no effect on what is
    		stored in the |viminfo| file later.  If you use values other
    		than String this will cause trouble.
    		{only when compiled with the |+viminfo| feature}

    						    *v:option_new*
    v:option_new    New value of the option. Valid while executing an |OptionSet|
    		autocommand.

    						    *v:option_old*
    v:option_old    Old value of the option. Valid while executing an |OptionSet|
    		autocommand.

    						    *v:option_type*
    v:option_type   Scope of the set command. Valid while executing an
    		|OptionSet| autocommand. Can be either "global" or "local"

    					*v:operator* *operator-variable*
    v:operator	The last operator given in Normal mode.  This is a single
    		character except for commands starting with <g> or <z>,
    		in which case it is two characters.  Best used alongside
    		|v:prevcount| and |v:register|.  Useful if you want to cancel
    		Operator-pending mode and then use the operator, e.g.:
    			:omap O <Esc>:call MyMotion(v:operator)<CR>
     		The value remains set until another operator is entered, thus
    		don't expect it to be empty.
    		v:operator is not set for |:delete|, |:yank| or other Ex
    		commands.
    		Read-only.

    					*v:prevcount* *prevcount-variable*
    v:prevcount	The count given for the last but one Normal mode command.
    		This is the v:count value of the previous command.  Useful if
    		you want to cancel Visual or Operator-pending mode and then
    		use the count, e.g.:
    			:vmap % <Esc>:call MyFilter(v:prevcount)<CR>
     		Read-only.

    					*v:profiling* *profiling-variable*
    v:profiling	Normally zero.  Set to one after using ":profile start".
    		See |profiling|.

    					*v:progname* *progname-variable*
    v:progname	Contains the name (with path removed) with which Vim was
    		invoked.  Allows you to do special initialisations for |view|,
    		|evim| etc., or any other name you might symlink to Vim.
    		Read-only.

    					*v:progpath* *progpath-variable*
    v:progpath	Contains the command with which Vim was invoked, including the
    		path.  Useful if you want to message a Vim server using a
    		|--remote-expr|.
    		To get the full path use:
    			echo exepath(v:progpath)
     		If the path is relative it will be expanded to the full path,
    		so that it still works after `:cd`. Thus starting "./vim"
    		results in "/home/user/path/to/vim/src/vim".
    		On MS-Windows the executable may be called "vim.exe", but the
    		".exe" is not added to v:progpath.
    		Read-only.

    					*v:register* *register-variable*
    v:register	The name of the register in effect for the current normal mode
    		command (regardless of whether that command actually used a
    		register).  Or for the currently executing normal mode mapping
    		(use this in custom commands that take a register).
    		If none is supplied it is the default register '"'', unless
    		'clipboard' contains "unnamed" or "unnamedplus", then it is
    		'*' or '+'.
    		Also see |getreg()| and |setreg()|

    					*v:scrollstart* *scrollstart-variable*
    v:scrollstart	String describing the script or function that caused the
    		screen to scroll up.  It's only set when it is empty, thus the
    		first reason is remembered.  It is set to "Unknown" for a
    		typed command.
    		This can be used to find out why your script causes the
    		hit-enter prompt.

    					*v:servername* *servername-variable*
    v:servername	The resulting registered |client-server-name| if any.
    		Read-only.

    v:searchforward			*v:searchforward* *searchforward-variable*
    		Search direction:  1 after a forward search, 0 after a
    		backward search.  It is reset to forward when directly setting
    		the last search pattern, see |quote/|.
    		Note that the value is restored when returning from a
    		function. |function-search-undo|.
    		Read-write.

    					*v:shell_error* *shell_error-variable*
    v:shell_error	Result of the last shell command.  When non-zero, the last
    		shell command had an error.  When zero, there was no problem.
    		This only works when the shell returns the error code to Vim.
    		The value -1 is often used when the command could not be
    		executed.  Read-only.
    		Example:
    	:!mv foo bar
    	:if v:shell_error
    	:  echo 'could not rename "foo" to "bar"!'
    	:endif
     		"shell_error" also works, for backwards compatibility.

    					*v:statusmsg* *statusmsg-variable*
    v:statusmsg	Last given status message.  It's allowed to set this variable.

    					*v:swapname* *swapname-variable*
    v:swapname	Only valid when executing |SwapExists| autocommands: Name of
    		the swap file found.  Read-only.

    					*v:swapchoice* *swapchoice-variable*
    v:swapchoice	|SwapExists| autocommands can set this to the selected choice
    		for handling an existing swap file:
    			'o'	Open read-only
    			'e'	Edit anyway
    			'r'	Recover
    			'd'	Delete swapfile
    			'q'	Quit
    			'a'	Abort
    		The value should be a single-character string.  An empty value
    		results in the user being asked, as would happen when there is
    		no SwapExists autocommand.  The default is empty.

    					*v:swapcommand* *swapcommand-variable*
    v:swapcommand	Normal mode command to be executed after a file has been
    		opened.  Can be used for a |SwapExists| autocommand to have
    		another Vim open the file and jump to the right place.  For
    		example, when jumping to a tag the value is ":tag tagname\r".
    		For ":edit +cmd file" the value is ":cmd\r".

    				*v:t_TYPE* *v:t_bool* *t_bool-variable*
    v:t_bool	Value of Boolean type.  Read-only.  See: |type()|

    					*v:t_channel* *t_channel-variable*
    v:t_channel	Value of Channel type.  Read-only.  See: |type()|

    					*v:t_dict* *t_dict-variable*
    v:t_dict	Value of Dictionary type.  Read-only.  See: |type()|

    					*v:t_float* *t_float-variable*
    v:t_float	Value of Float type.  Read-only.  See: |type()|

    					*v:t_func* *t_func-variable*
    v:t_func	Value of Funcref type.  Read-only.  See: |type()|

    					*v:t_job* *t_job-variable*
    v:t_job		Value of Job type.  Read-only.  See: |type()|

    					*v:t_list* *t_list-variable*
    v:t_list	Value of List type.  Read-only.  See: |type()|

    					*v:t_none* *t_none-variable*
    v:t_none	Value of None type.  Read-only.  See: |type()|

    					*v:t_number* *t_number-variable*
    v:t_number	Value of Number type.  Read-only.  See: |type()|

    					*v:t_string* *t_string-variable*
    v:t_string	Value of String type.  Read-only.  See: |type()|

    				*v:termresponse* *termresponse-variable*
    v:termresponse	The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the |t_RV|
    		termcap entry.  It is set when Vim receives an escape sequence
    		that starts with ESC [ or CSI and ends in a 'c', with only
    		digits, ';' and '.' in between.
    		When this option is set, the TermResponse autocommand event is
    		fired, so that you can react to the response from the
    		terminal.
    		The response from a new xterm is: "<Esc>[ Pp ; Pv ; Pc c".  Pp
    		is the terminal type: 0 for vt100 and 1 for vt220.  Pv is the
    		patch level (since this was introduced in patch 95, it's
    		always 95 or bigger).  Pc is always zero.
    		{only when compiled with |+termresponse| feature}

    						*v:termblinkresp*
    v:termblinkresp	The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the |t_RC|
    		termcap entry.  This is used to find out whether the terminal
    		cursor is blinking. This is used by |term_getcursor()|.

    						*v:termstyleresp*
    v:termstyleresp	The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the |t_RS|
    		termcap entry.  This is used to find out what the shape of the
    		cursor is.  This is used by |term_getcursor()|.

    						*v:termrbgresp*
    v:termrbgresp	The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the |t_RB|
    		termcap entry.  This is used to find out what the terminal
    		background color is, see 'background'.

    						*v:termrfgresp*
    v:termrfgresp	The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the |t_RF|
    		termcap entry.  This is used to find out what the terminal
    		foreground color is.

    						*v:termu7resp*
    v:termu7resp	The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the |t_u7|
    		termcap entry.  This is used to find out what the terminal
    		does with ambiguous width characters, see 'ambiwidth'.

    					*v:testing* *testing-variable*
    v:testing	Must be set before using `test_garbagecollect_now()`.
    		Also, when set certain error messages won't be shown for 2
    		seconds. (e.g. "'dictionary' option is empty")

    				*v:this_session* *this_session-variable*
    v:this_session	Full filename of the last loaded or saved session file.  See
    		|:mksession|.  It is allowed to set this variable.  When no
    		session file has been saved, this variable is empty.
    		"this_session" also works, for backwards compatibility.

    					*v:throwpoint* *throwpoint-variable*
    v:throwpoint	The point where the exception most recently caught and not
    		finished was thrown.  Not set when commands are typed.  See
    		also |v:exception| and |throw-variables|.
    		Example:
    	:try
    	:  throw "oops"
    	:catch /.*/
    	:  echo "Exception from" v:throwpoint
    	:endtry
     		Output: "Exception from test.vim, line 2"

    						*v:true* *true-variable*
    v:true		A Number with value one. Used to put "true" in JSON.  See
    		|json_encode()|.
    		When used as a string this evaluates to "v:true".
    			echo v:true
     			v:true
    		That is so that eval() can parse the string back to the same
    		value.  Read-only.

    						*v:val* *val-variable*
    v:val		Value of the current item of a |List| or |Dictionary|.  Only
    		valid while evaluating the expression used with |map()| and
    		|filter()|.  Read-only.

    					*v:version* *version-variable*
    v:version	Version number of Vim: Major version number times 100 plus
    		minor version number.  Version 5.0 is 500.  Version 5.1 (5.01)
    		is 501.  Read-only.  "version" also works, for backwards
    		compatibility.
    		Use |has()| to check if a certain patch was included, e.g.:
    			if has("patch-7.4.123")
     		Note that patch numbers are specific to the version, thus both
    		version 5.0 and 5.1 may have a patch 123, but these are
    		completely different.

    				*v:vim_did_enter* *vim_did_enter-variable*
    v:vim_did_enter	Zero until most of startup is done.  It is set to one just
    		before |VimEnter| autocommands are triggered.

    					*v:warningmsg* *warningmsg-variable*
    v:warningmsg	Last given warning message.  It's allowed to set this variable.

    					*v:windowid* *windowid-variable*
    v:windowid	When any X11 based GUI is running or when running in a
    		terminal and Vim connects to the X server (|-X|) this will be
    		set to the window ID.
    		When an MS-Windows GUI is running this will be set to the
    		window handle.
    		Otherwise the value is zero.
    		Note: for windows inside Vim use |winnr()| or |win_getid()|,
    		see |window-ID|.

    ==============================================================================

    4. Builtin Functions					*functions*

    See |function-list| for a list grouped by what the function is used for.

    (Use CTRL-] on the function name to jump to the full explanation.)

    USAGE				RESULT	DESCRIPTION

    abs({expr})			Float or Number  absolute value of {expr}
    acos({expr})			Float	arc cosine of {expr}
    add({list}, {item})		List	append {item} to |List| {list}
    and({expr}, {expr})		Number	bitwise AND
    append({lnum}, {string})	Number	append {string} below line {lnum}
    append({lnum}, {list})		Number	append lines {list} below line {lnum}
    argc()				Number	number of files in the argument list
    argidx()			Number	current index in the argument list
    arglistid([{winnr} [, {tabnr}]]) Number	argument list id
    argv({nr})			String	{nr} entry of the argument list
    argv()				List	the argument list
    assert_beeps({cmd})		Number	assert {cmd} causes a beep
    assert_equal({exp}, {act} [, {msg}])
    				Number	assert {exp} is equal to {act}
    assert_equalfile({fname-one}, {fname-two})
    				Number	assert file contents is equal
    assert_exception({error} [, {msg}])
    				Number	assert {error} is in v:exception
    assert_fails({cmd} [, {error}])	Number	assert {cmd} fails
    assert_false({actual} [, {msg}])
    				Number	assert {actual} is false
    assert_inrange({lower}, {upper}, {actual} [, {msg}])
    				Number	assert {actual} is inside the range
    assert_match({pat}, {text} [, {msg}])
    				Number	assert {pat} matches {text}
    assert_notequal({exp}, {act} [, {msg}])
    				Number	assert {exp} is not equal {act}
    assert_notmatch({pat}, {text} [, {msg}])
    				Number	assert {pat} not matches {text}
    assert_report({msg})		Number	report a test failure
    assert_true({actual} [, {msg}])	Number	assert {actual} is true
    asin({expr})			Float	arc sine of {expr}
    atan({expr})			Float	arc tangent of {expr}
    atan2({expr1}, {expr2})		Float	arc tangent of {expr1} / {expr2}
    balloon_show({expr})		none	show {expr} inside the balloon
    balloon_split({msg})		List	split {msg} as used for a balloon
    browse({save}, {title}, {initdir}, {default})
    				String	put up a file requester
    browsedir({title}, {initdir})	String	put up a directory requester
    bufexists({expr})		Number	|TRUE| if buffer {expr} exists
    buflisted({expr})		Number	|TRUE| if buffer {expr} is listed
    bufloaded({expr})		Number	|TRUE| if buffer {expr} is loaded
    bufname({expr})			String	Name of the buffer {expr}
    bufnr({expr} [, {create}])	Number	Number of the buffer {expr}
    bufwinid({expr})		Number	window ID of buffer {expr}
    bufwinnr({expr})		Number	window number of buffer {expr}
    byte2line({byte})		Number	line number at byte count {byte}
    byteidx({expr}, {nr})		Number	byte index of {nr}'th char in {expr}
    byteidxcomp({expr}, {nr})	Number	byte index of {nr}'th char in {expr}
    call({func}, {arglist} [, {dict}])
    				any	call {func} with arguments {arglist}
    ceil({expr})			Float	round {expr} up
    ch_canread({handle})		Number	check if there is something to read
    ch_close({handle})		none	close {handle}
    ch_close_in({handle})		none	close in part of {handle}
    ch_evalexpr({handle}, {expr} [, {options}])
    				any	evaluate {expr} on JSON {handle}
    ch_evalraw({handle}, {string} [, {options}])
    				any	evaluate {string} on raw {handle}
    ch_getbufnr({handle}, {what})	Number	get buffer number for {handle}/{what}
    ch_getjob({channel})		Job	get the Job of {channel}
    ch_info({handle})		String	info about channel {handle}
    ch_log({msg} [, {handle}])	none	write {msg} in the channel log file
    ch_logfile({fname} [, {mode}])	none	start logging channel activity
    ch_open({address} [, {options}])
    				Channel	open a channel to {address}
    ch_read({handle} [, {options}]) String	read from {handle}
    ch_readraw({handle} [, {options}])
    				String	read raw from {handle}
    ch_sendexpr({handle}, {expr} [, {options}])
    				any	send {expr} over JSON {handle}
    ch_sendraw({handle}, {string} [, {options}])
    				any	send {string} over raw {handle}
    ch_setoptions({handle}, {options})
    				none	set options for {handle}
    ch_status({handle} [, {options}])
    				String	status of channel {handle}
    changenr()			Number	current change number
    char2nr({expr} [, {utf8}])	Number	ASCII/UTF8 value of first char in {expr}
    cindent({lnum})			Number	C indent for line {lnum}
    clearmatches()			none	clear all matches
    col({expr})			Number	column nr of cursor or mark
    complete({startcol}, {matches}) none	set Insert mode completion
    complete_add({expr})		Number	add completion match
    complete_check()		Number	check for key typed during completion
    confirm({msg} [, {choices} [, {default} [, {type}]]])
    				Number	number of choice picked by user
    copy({expr})			any	make a shallow copy of {expr}
    cos({expr})			Float	cosine of {expr}
    cosh({expr})			Float	hyperbolic cosine of {expr}
    count({list}, {expr} [, {ic} [, {start}]])
    				Number	count how many {expr} are in {list}
    cscope_connection([{num}, {dbpath} [, {prepend}]])
    				Number	checks existence of cscope connection
    cursor({lnum}, {col} [, {off}])
    				Number	move cursor to {lnum}, {col}, {off}
    cursor({list})			Number	move cursor to position in {list}
    deepcopy({expr} [, {noref}])	any	make a full copy of {expr}
    delete({fname} [, {flags}])	Number	delete the file or directory {fname}
    did_filetype()			Number	|TRUE| if FileType autocmd event used
    diff_filler({lnum})		Number	diff filler lines about {lnum}
    diff_hlID({lnum}, {col})	Number	diff highlighting at {lnum}/{col}
    empty({expr})			Number	|TRUE| if {expr} is empty
    escape({string}, {chars})	String	escape {chars} in {string} with '\'
    eval({string})			any	evaluate {string} into its value
    eventhandler()			Number	|TRUE| if inside an event handler
    executable({expr})		Number	1 if executable {expr} exists
    execute({command})		String	execute {command} and get the output
    exepath({expr})			String	full path of the command {expr}
    exists({expr})			Number	|TRUE| if {expr} exists
    extend({expr1}, {expr2} [, {expr3}])
    				List/Dict insert items of {expr2} into {expr1}
    exp({expr})			Float	exponential of {expr}
    expand({expr} [, {nosuf} [, {list}]])
    				any	expand special keywords in {expr}
    feedkeys({string} [, {mode}])	Number	add key sequence to typeahead buffer
    filereadable({file})		Number	|TRUE| if {file} is a readable file
    filewritable({file})		Number	|TRUE| if {file} is a writable file
    filter({expr1}, {expr2})	List/Dict  remove items from {expr1} where
    					{expr2} is 0
    finddir({name} [, {path} [, {count}]])
    				String	find directory {name} in {path}
    findfile({name} [, {path} [, {count}]])
    				String	find file {name} in {path}
    float2nr({expr})		Number	convert Float {expr} to a Number
    floor({expr})			Float	round {expr} down
    fmod({expr1}, {expr2})		Float	remainder of {expr1} / {expr2}
    fnameescape({fname})		String	escape special characters in {fname}
    fnamemodify({fname}, {mods})	String	modify file name
    foldclosed({lnum})		Number	first line of fold at {lnum} if closed
    foldclosedend({lnum})		Number	last line of fold at {lnum} if closed
    foldlevel({lnum})		Number	fold level at {lnum}
    foldtext()			String	line displayed for closed fold
    foldtextresult({lnum})		String	text for closed fold at {lnum}
    foreground()			Number	bring the Vim window to the foreground
    funcref({name} [, {arglist}] [, {dict}])
    				Funcref	reference to function {name}
    function({name} [, {arglist}] [, {dict}])
    				Funcref	named reference to function {name}
    garbagecollect([{atexit}])	none	free memory, breaking cyclic references
    get({list}, {idx} [, {def}])	any	get item {idx} from {list} or {def}
    get({dict}, {key} [, {def}])	any	get item {key} from {dict} or {def}
    get({func}, {what})		any	get property of funcref/partial {func}
    getbufinfo([{expr}])		List	information about buffers
    getbufline({expr}, {lnum} [, {end}])
    				List	lines {lnum} to {end} of buffer {expr}
    getbufvar({expr}, {varname} [, {def}])
    				any	variable {varname} in buffer {expr}
    getchangelist({expr})		List	list of change list items
    getchar([expr])			Number	get one character from the user
    getcharmod()			Number	modifiers for the last typed character
    getcharsearch()			Dict	last character search
    getcmdline()			String	return the current command-line
    getcmdpos()			Number	return cursor position in command-line
    getcmdtype()			String	return current command-line type
    getcmdwintype()			String	return current command-line window type
    getcompletion({pat}, {type} [, {filtered}])
    				List	list of cmdline completion matches
    getcurpos()			List	position of the cursor
    getcwd([{winnr} [, {tabnr}]])	String	get the current working directory
    getfontname([{name}])		String	name of font being used
    getfperm({fname})		String	file permissions of file {fname}
    getfsize({fname})		Number	size in bytes of file {fname}
    getftime({fname})		Number	last modification time of file
    getftype({fname})		String	description of type of file {fname}
    getjumplist([{winnr} [, {tabnr}]])
    				List	list of jump list items
    getline({lnum})			String	line {lnum} of current buffer
    getline({lnum}, {end})		List	lines {lnum} to {end} of current buffer
    getloclist({nr} [, {what}])	List	list of location list items
    getmatches()			List	list of current matches
    getpid()			Number	process ID of Vim
    getpos({expr})			List	position of cursor, mark, etc.
    getqflist([{what}])		List	list of quickfix items
    getreg([{regname} [, 1 [, {list}]]])
    				String or List   contents of register
    getregtype([{regname}])		String	type of register
    gettabinfo([{expr}])		List	list of tab pages
    gettabvar({nr}, {varname} [, {def}])
    				any	variable {varname} in tab {nr} or {def}
    gettabwinvar({tabnr}, {winnr}, {name} [, {def}])
    				any	{name} in {winnr} in tab page {tabnr}
    getwininfo([{winid}])		List	list of windows
    getwinpos([{timeout}])		List	X and Y coord in pixels of the Vim window
    getwinposx()			Number	X coord in pixels of the Vim window
    getwinposy()			Number	Y coord in pixels of the Vim window
    getwinvar({nr}, {varname} [, {def}])
    				any	variable {varname} in window {nr}
    glob({expr} [, {nosuf} [, {list} [, {alllinks}]]])
    				any	expand file wildcards in {expr}
    glob2regpat({expr})		String	convert a glob pat into a search pat
    globpath({path}, {expr} [, {nosuf} [, {list} [, {alllinks}]]])
    				String	do glob({expr}) for all dirs in {path}
    has({feature})			Number	|TRUE| if feature {feature} supported
    has_key({dict}, {key})		Number	|TRUE| if {dict} has entry {key}
    haslocaldir([{winnr} [, {tabnr}]])
    				Number	|TRUE| if the window executed |:lcd|
    hasmapto({what} [, {mode} [, {abbr}]])
    				Number	|TRUE| if mapping to {what} exists
    histadd({history}, {item})	String	add an item to a history
    histdel({history} [, {item}])	String	remove an item from a history
    histget({history} [, {index}])	String	get the item {index} from a history
    histnr({history})		Number	highest index of a history
    hlexists({name})		Number	|TRUE| if highlight group {name} exists
    hlID({name})			Number	syntax ID of highlight group {name}
    hostname()			String	name of the machine Vim is running on
    iconv({expr}, {from}, {to})	String	convert encoding of {expr}
    indent({lnum})			Number	indent of line {lnum}
    index({list}, {expr} [, {start} [, {ic}]])
    				Number	index in {list} where {expr} appears
    input({prompt} [, {text} [, {completion}]])
    				String	get input from the user
    inputdialog({prompt} [, {text} [, {completion}]])
    				String	like input() but in a GUI dialog
    inputlist({textlist})		Number	let the user pick from a choice list
    inputrestore()			Number	restore typeahead
    inputsave()			Number	save and clear typeahead
    inputsecret({prompt} [, {text}]) String	like input() but hiding the text
    insert({list}, {item} [, {idx}]) List	insert {item} in {list} [before {idx}]
    invert({expr})			Number	bitwise invert
    isdirectory({directory})	Number	|TRUE| if {directory} is a directory
    islocked({expr})		Number	|TRUE| if {expr} is locked
    isnan({expr})			Number	|TRUE| if {expr} is NaN
    items({dict})			List	key-value pairs in {dict}
    job_getchannel({job})		Channel	get the channel handle for {job}
    job_info([{job}])		Dict	get information about {job}
    job_setoptions({job}, {options}) none	set options for {job}
    job_start({command} [, {options}])
    				Job	start a job
    job_status({job})		String	get the status of {job}
    job_stop({job} [, {how}])	Number	stop {job}
    join({list} [, {sep}])		String	join {list} items into one String
    js_decode({string})		any	decode JS style JSON
    js_encode({expr})		String	encode JS style JSON
    json_decode({string})		any	decode JSON
    json_encode({expr})		String	encode JSON
    keys({dict})			List	keys in {dict}
    len({expr})			Number	the length of {expr}
    libcall({lib}, {func}, {arg})	String	call {func} in library {lib} with {arg}
    libcallnr({lib}, {func}, {arg})	Number	idem, but return a Number
    line({expr})			Number	line nr of cursor, last line or mark
    line2byte({lnum})		Number	byte count of line {lnum}
    lispindent({lnum})		Number	Lisp indent for line {lnum}
    localtime()			Number	current time
    log({expr})			Float	natural logarithm (base e) of {expr}
    log10({expr})			Float	logarithm of Float {expr} to base 10
    luaeval({expr} [, {expr}])	any	evaluate |Lua| expression
    map({expr1}, {expr2})		List/Dict  change each item in {expr1} to {expr}
    maparg({name} [, {mode} [, {abbr} [, {dict}]]])
    				String or Dict
    					rhs of mapping {name} in mode {mode}
    mapcheck({name} [, {mode} [, {abbr}]])
    				String	check for mappings matching {name}
    match({expr}, {pat} [, {start} [, {count}]])
    				Number	position where {pat} matches in {expr}
    matchadd({group}, {pattern} [, {priority} [, {id} [, {dict}]]])
    				Number	highlight {pattern} with {group}
    matchaddpos({group}, {pos} [, {priority} [, {id} [, {dict}]]])
    				Number	highlight positions with {group}
    matcharg({nr})			List	arguments of |:match|
    matchdelete({id})		Number	delete match identified by {id}
    matchend({expr}, {pat} [, {start} [, {count}]])
    				Number	position where {pat} ends in {expr}
    matchlist({expr}, {pat} [, {start} [, {count}]])
    				List	match and submatches of {pat} in {expr}
    matchstr({expr}, {pat} [, {start} [, {count}]])
    				String	{count}'th match of {pat} in {expr}
    matchstrpos({expr}, {pat} [, {start} [, {count}]])
    				List	{count}'th match of {pat} in {expr}
    max({expr})			Number	maximum value of items in {expr}
    min({expr})			Number	minimum value of items in {expr}
    mkdir({name} [, {path} [, {prot}]])
    				Number	create directory {name}
    mode([expr])			String	current editing mode
    mzeval({expr})			any	evaluate |MzScheme| expression
    nextnonblank({lnum})		Number	line nr of non-blank line >= {lnum}
    nr2char({expr} [, {utf8}])	String	single char with ASCII/UTF8 value {expr}
    or({expr}, {expr})		Number	bitwise OR
    pathshorten({expr})		String	shorten directory names in a path
    perleval({expr})		any	evaluate |Perl| expression
    pow({x}, {y})			Float	{x} to the power of {y}
    prevnonblank({lnum})		Number	line nr of non-blank line <= {lnum}
    printf({fmt}, {expr1}...)	String	format text
    pumvisible()			Number	whether popup menu is visible
    pyeval({expr})			any	evaluate |Python| expression
    py3eval({expr})			any	evaluate |python3| expression
    pyxeval({expr})			any	evaluate |python_x| expression
    range({expr} [, {max} [, {stride}]])
    				List	items from {expr} to {max}
    readfile({fname} [, {binary} [, {max}]])
    				List	get list of lines from file {fname}
    reltime([{start} [, {end}]])	List	get time value
    reltimefloat({time})		Float	turn the time value into a Float
    reltimestr({time})		String	turn time value into a String
    remote_expr({server}, {string} [, {idvar} [, {timeout}]])
    				String	send expression
    remote_foreground({server})	Number	bring Vim server to the foreground
    remote_peek({serverid} [, {retvar}])
    				Number	check for reply string
    remote_read({serverid} [, {timeout}])
    				String	read reply string
    remote_send({server}, {string} [, {idvar}])
    				String	send key sequence
    remote_startserver({name})	none	become server {name}
    				String	send key sequence
    remove({list}, {idx} [, {end}])	any	remove items {idx}-{end} from {list}
    remove({dict}, {key})		any	remove entry {key} from {dict}
    rename({from}, {to})		Number	rename (move) file from {from} to {to}
    repeat({expr}, {count})		String	repeat {expr} {count} times
    resolve({filename})		String	get filename a shortcut points to
    reverse({list})			List	reverse {list} in-place
    round({expr})			Float	round off {expr}
    screenattr({row}, {col})	Number	attribute at screen position
    screenchar({row}, {col})	Number	character at screen position
    screencol()			Number	current cursor column
    screenrow()			Number	current cursor row
    search({pattern} [, {flags} [, {stopline} [, {timeout}]]])
    				Number	search for {pattern}
    searchdecl({name} [, {global} [, {thisblock}]])
    				Number	search for variable declaration
    searchpair({start}, {middle}, {end} [, {flags} [, {skip} [...]]])
    				Number	search for other end of start/end pair
    searchpairpos({start}, {middle}, {end} [, {flags} [, {skip} [...]]])
    				List	search for other end of start/end pair
    searchpos({pattern} [, {flags} [, {stopline} [, {timeout}]]])
    				List	search for {pattern}
    server2client({clientid}, {string})
    				Number	send reply string
    serverlist()			String	get a list of available servers
    setbufline({expr}, {lnum}, {line})
    				Number	set line {lnum} to {line} in buffer
    					{expr}
    setbufvar({expr}, {varname}, {val})
    				none	set {varname} in buffer {expr} to {val}
    setcharsearch({dict})		Dict	set character search from {dict}
    setcmdpos({pos})		Number	set cursor position in command-line
    setfperm({fname}, {mode})	Number	set {fname} file permissions to {mode}
    setline({lnum}, {line})		Number	set line {lnum} to {line}
    setloclist({nr}, {list} [, {action} [, {what}]])
    				Number	modify location list using {list}
    setmatches({list})		Number	restore a list of matches
    setpos({expr}, {list})		Number	set the {expr} position to {list}
    setqflist({list} [, {action} [, {what}]])
    				Number	modify quickfix list using {list}
    setreg({n}, {v} [, {opt}])	Number	set register to value and type
    settabvar({nr}, {varname}, {val}) none	set {varname} in tab page {nr} to {val}
    settabwinvar({tabnr}, {winnr}, {varname}, {val})
    				none	set {varname} in window {winnr} in tab
    					page {tabnr} to {val}
    setwinvar({nr}, {varname}, {val}) none	set {varname} in window {nr} to {val}
    sha256({string})		String	SHA256 checksum of {string}
    shellescape({string} [, {special}])
    				String	escape {string} for use as shell
    					command argument
    shiftwidth()			Number	effective value of 'shiftwidth'
    simplify({filename})		String	simplify filename as much as possible
    sin({expr})			Float	sine of {expr}
    sinh({expr})			Float	hyperbolic sine of {expr}
    sort({list} [, {func} [, {dict}]])
    				List	sort {list}, using {func} to compare
    soundfold({word})		String	sound-fold {word}
    spellbadword()			String	badly spelled word at cursor
    spellsuggest({word} [, {max} [, {capital}]])
    				List	spelling suggestions
    split({expr} [, {pat} [, {keepempty}]])
    				List	make |List| from {pat} separated {expr}
    sqrt({expr})			Float	square root of {expr}
    str2float({expr})		Float	convert String to Float
    str2nr({expr} [, {base}])	Number	convert String to Number
    strchars({expr} [, {skipcc}])	Number	character length of the String {expr}
    strcharpart({str}, {start} [, {len}])
    				String	{len} characters of {str} at {start}
    strdisplaywidth({expr} [, {col}]) Number display length of the String {expr}
    strftime({format} [, {time}])	String	time in specified format
    strgetchar({str}, {index})	Number	get char {index} from {str}
    stridx({haystack}, {needle} [, {start}])
    				Number	index of {needle} in {haystack}
    string({expr})			String	String representation of {expr} value
    strlen({expr})			Number	length of the String {expr}
    strpart({str}, {start} [, {len}])
    				String	{len} characters of {str} at {start}
    strridx({haystack}, {needle} [, {start}])
    				Number	last index of {needle} in {haystack}
    strtrans({expr})		String	translate string to make it printable
    strwidth({expr})		Number	display cell length of the String {expr}
    submatch({nr} [, {list}])	String or List
    					specific match in ":s" or substitute()
    substitute({expr}, {pat}, {sub}, {flags})
    				String	all {pat} in {expr} replaced with {sub}
    synID({lnum}, {col}, {trans})	Number	syntax ID at {lnum} and {col}
    synIDattr({synID}, {what} [, {mode}])
    				String	attribute {what} of syntax ID {synID}
    synIDtrans({synID})		Number	translated syntax ID of {synID}
    synconcealed({lnum}, {col})	List	info about concealing
    synstack({lnum}, {col})		List	stack of syntax IDs at {lnum} and {col}
    system({expr} [, {input}])	String	output of shell command/filter {expr}
    systemlist({expr} [, {input}])	List	output of shell command/filter {expr}
    tabpagebuflist([{arg}])		List	list of buffer numbers in tab page
    tabpagenr([{arg}])		Number	number of current or last tab page
    tabpagewinnr({tabarg} [, {arg}]) Number	number of current window in tab page
    taglist({expr} [, {filename}])	List	list of tags matching {expr}
    tagfiles()			List	tags files used
    tan({expr})			Float	tangent of {expr}
    tanh({expr})			Float	hyperbolic tangent of {expr}
    tempname()			String	name for a temporary file
    term_dumpdiff({filename}, {filename} [, {options}])
    				Number  display difference between two dumps
    term_dumpload({filename} [, {options}])
    				Number	displaying a screen dump
    term_dumpwrite({buf}, {filename} [, {options}])
    				none	dump terminal window contents
    term_getaltscreen({buf})	Number	get the alternate screen flag
    term_getansicolors({buf})	List	get ANSI palette in GUI color mode
    term_getattr({attr}, {what})	Number	get the value of attribute {what}
    term_getcursor({buf})		List	get the cursor position of a terminal
    term_getjob({buf})		Job	get the job associated with a terminal
    term_getline({buf}, {row})	String	get a line of text from a terminal
    term_getscrolled({buf})		Number	get the scroll count of a terminal
    term_getsize({buf})		List	get the size of a terminal
    term_getstatus({buf})		String	get the status of a terminal
    term_gettitle({buf})		String	get the title of a terminal
    term_gettty({buf}, [{input}])	String	get the tty name of a terminal
    term_list()			List	get the list of terminal buffers
    term_scrape({buf}, {row})	List	get row of a terminal screen
    term_sendkeys({buf}, {keys})	none	send keystrokes to a terminal
    term_setansicolors({buf}, {colors})
    				none	set ANSI palette in GUI color mode
    term_setkill({buf}, {how})	none	set signal to stop job in terminal
    term_setrestore({buf}, {command}) none	set command to restore terminal
    term_setsize({buf}, {rows}, {cols})
    				none	set the size of a terminal
    term_start({cmd}, {options})	Job	open a terminal window and run a job
    term_wait({buf} [, {time}])	Number  wait for screen to be updated
    test_alloc_fail({id}, {countdown}, {repeat})
    				none	make memory allocation fail
    test_autochdir()		none	enable 'autochdir' during startup
    test_feedinput()		none	add key sequence to input buffer
    test_garbagecollect_now()	none	free memory right now for testing
    test_ignore_error({expr})	none	ignore a specific error
    test_null_channel()		Channel	null value for testing
    test_null_dict()		Dict	null value for testing
    test_null_job()			Job	null value for testing
    test_null_list()		List	null value for testing
    test_null_partial()		Funcref	null value for testing
    test_null_string()		String	null value for testing
    test_override({expr}, {val})    none	test with Vim internal overrides
    test_settime({expr})		none	set current time for testing
    timer_info([{id}])		List	information about timers
    timer_pause({id}, {pause})	none	pause or unpause a timer
    timer_start({time}, {callback} [, {options}])
    				Number	create a timer
    timer_stop({timer})		none	stop a timer
    timer_stopall()			none	stop all timers
    tolower({expr})			String	the String {expr} switched to lowercase
    toupper({expr})			String	the String {expr} switched to uppercase
    tr({src}, {fromstr}, {tostr})	String	translate chars of {src} in {fromstr}
    					to chars in {tostr}
    trim({text}[, {mask}])		String	trim characters in {mask} from {text}
    trunc({expr})			Float	truncate Float {expr}
    type({name})			Number	type of variable {name}
    undofile({name})		String	undo file name for {name}
    undotree()			List	undo file tree
    uniq({list} [, {func} [, {dict}]])
    				List	remove adjacent duplicates from a list
    values({dict})			List	values in {dict}
    virtcol({expr})			Number	screen column of cursor or mark
    visualmode([expr])		String	last visual mode used
    wildmenumode()			Number	whether 'wildmenu' mode is active
    win_findbuf({bufnr})		List	find windows containing {bufnr}
    win_getid([{win} [, {tab}]])	Number	get window ID for {win} in {tab}
    win_gotoid({expr})		Number	go to window with ID {expr}
    win_id2tabwin({expr})		List	get tab and window nr from window ID
    win_id2win({expr})		Number	get window nr from window ID
    win_screenpos({nr})		List	get screen position of window {nr}
    winbufnr({nr})			Number	buffer number of window {nr}
    wincol()			Number	window column of the cursor
    winheight({nr})			Number	height of window {nr}
    winline()			Number	window line of the cursor
    winnr([{expr}])			Number	number of current window
    winrestcmd()			String	returns command to restore window sizes
    winrestview({dict})		none	restore view of current window
    winsaveview()			Dict	save view of current window
    winwidth({nr})			Number	width of window {nr}
    wordcount()			Dict	get byte/char/word statistics
    writefile({list}, {fname} [, {flags}])
    				Number	write list of lines to file {fname}
    xor({expr}, {expr})		Number	bitwise XOR

    abs({expr})							*abs()*
    		Return the absolute value of {expr}.  When {expr} evaluates to
    		a |Float| abs() returns a |Float|.  When {expr} can be
    		converted to a |Number| abs() returns a |Number|.  Otherwise
    		abs() gives an error message and returns -1.
    		Examples:
    			echo abs(1.456)
     			1.456
    			echo abs(-5.456)
     			5.456
    			echo abs(-4)
     			4
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    acos({expr})							*acos()*
    		Return the arc cosine of {expr} measured in radians, as a
    		|Float| in the range of [0, pi].
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number| in the range
    		[-1, 1].
    		Examples:
    			:echo acos(0)
     			1.570796
    			:echo acos(-0.5)
     			2.094395
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    add({list}, {expr})					*add()*
    		Append the item {expr} to |List| {list}.  Returns the
    		resulting |List|.  Examples:
    			:let alist = add([1, 2, 3], item)
    			:call add(mylist, "woodstock")
     		Note that when {expr} is a |List| it is appended as a single
    		item.  Use |extend()| to concatenate |Lists|.
    		Use |insert()| to add an item at another position.

    and({expr}, {expr})					*and()*
    		Bitwise AND on the two arguments.  The arguments are converted
    		to a number.  A List, Dict or Float argument causes an error.
    		Example:
    			:let flag = and(bits, 0x80)

    append({lnum}, {expr})					*append()*
    		When {expr} is a |List|: Append each item of the |List| as a
    		text line below line {lnum} in the current buffer.
    		Otherwise append {expr} as one text line below line {lnum} in
    		the current buffer.
    		{lnum} can be zero to insert a line before the first one.
    		Returns 1 for failure ({lnum} out of range or out of memory),
    		0 for success.  Example:
    			:let failed = append(line('$'), "# THE END")
    			:let failed = append(0, ["Chapter 1", "the beginning"])

    							*argc()*
    argc()		The result is the number of files in the argument list of the
    		current window.  See |arglist|.

    							*argidx()*
    argidx()	The result is the current index in the argument list.  0 is
    		the first file.  argc() - 1 is the last one.  See |arglist|.

    							*arglistid()*
    arglistid([{winnr} [, {tabnr}]])
    		Return the argument list ID.  This is a number which
    		identifies the argument list being used.  Zero is used for the
    		global argument list.  See |arglist|.
    		Return -1 if the arguments are invalid.

    		Without arguments use the current window.
    		With {winnr} only use this window in the current tab page.
    		With {winnr} and {tabnr} use the window in the specified tab
    		page.
    		{winnr} can be the window number or the |window-ID|.

    							*argv()*
    argv([{nr}])	The result is the {nr}th file in the argument list of the
    		current window.  See |arglist|.  "argv(0)" is the first one.
    		Example:
    	:let i = 0
    	:while i < argc()
    	:  let f = escape(fnameescape(argv(i)), '.')
    	:  exe 'amenu Arg.' . f . ' :e ' . f . '<CR>'
    	:  let i = i + 1
    	:endwhile
     		Without the {nr} argument a |List| with the whole |arglist| is
    		returned.

    assert_beeps({cmd})					*assert_beeps()*
    		Run {cmd} and add an error message to |v:errors| if it does
    		NOT produce a beep or visual bell.
    		Also see |assert_fails()| and |assert-return|.

    							*assert_equal()*
    assert_equal({expected}, {actual} [, {msg}])
    		When {expected} and {actual} are not equal an error message is
    		added to |v:errors| and 1 is returned.  Otherwise zero is
    		returned |assert-return|.
    		There is no automatic conversion, the String "4" is different
    		from the Number 4.  And the number 4 is different from the
    		Float 4.0.  The value of 'ignorecase' is not used here, case
    		always matters.
    		When {msg} is omitted an error in the form "Expected
    		{expected} but got {actual}" is produced.
    		Example:
    	assert_equal('foo', 'bar')
     		Will result in a string to be added to YXXYv:errors|:
    	test.vim line 12: Expected 'foo' but got 'bar'

    							*assert_equalfile()*
    assert_equalfile({fname-one}, {fname-two})
    		When the files {fname-one} and {fname-two} do not contain
    		exactly the same text an error message is added to |v:errors|.
    		Also see |assert-return|.
    		When {fname-one} or {fname-two} does not exist the error will
    		mention that.
    		Mainly useful with |terminal-diff|.

    assert_exception({error} [, {msg}])			*assert_exception()*
    		When v:exception does not contain the string {error} an error
    		message is added to |v:errors|.  Also see |assert-return|.
    		This can be used to assert that a command throws an exception.
    		Using the error number, followed by a colon, avoids problems
    		with translations:
    			try
    			  commandthatfails
    			  call assert_false(1, 'command should have failed')
    			catch
    			  call assert_exception('E492:')
    			endtry

    assert_fails({cmd} [, {error}])					*assert_fails()*
    		Run {cmd} and add an error message to |v:errors| if it does
    		NOT produce an error.  Also see |assert-return|.
    		When {error} is given it must match in |v:errmsg|.
    		Note that beeping is not considered an error, and some failing
    		commands only beep.  Use |assert_beeps()| for those.

    assert_false({actual} [, {msg}])				*assert_false()*
    		When {actual} is not false an error message is added to
    		|v:errors|, like with |assert_equal()|.
    		Also see |assert-return|.
    		A value is false when it is zero. When {actual} is not a
    		number the assert fails.
    		When {msg} is omitted an error in the form
    		"Expected False but got {actual}" is produced.

    assert_inrange({lower}, {upper}, {actual} [, {msg}])	 *assert_inrange()*
    		This asserts number values.  When {actual}  is lower than
    		{lower} or higher than {upper} an error message is added to
    		|v:errors|.  Also see |assert-return|.
    		When {msg} is omitted an error in the form
    		"Expected range {lower} - {upper}, but got {actual}" is
    		produced.

    								*assert_match()*
    assert_match({pattern}, {actual} [, {msg}])
    		When {pattern} does not match {actual} an error message is
    		added to |v:errors|.  Also see |assert-return|.

    		{pattern} is used as with |=~|: The matching is always done
    		like 'magic' was set and 'cpoptions' is empty, no matter what
    		the actual value of 'magic' or 'cpoptions' is.

    		{actual} is used as a string, automatic conversion applies.
    		Use "^" and "$" to match with the start and end of the text.
    		Use both to match the whole text.

    		When {msg} is omitted an error in the form
    		"Pattern {pattern} does not match {actual}" is produced.
    		Example:
    	assert_match('^f.*o$', 'foobar')
     		Will result in a string to be added to YXXYv:errors|:
    	test.vim line 12: Pattern '^f.*o$' does not match 'foobar'

    							*assert_notequal()*
    assert_notequal({expected}, {actual} [, {msg}])
    		The opposite of `assert_equal()`: add an error message to
    		|v:errors| when {expected} and {actual} are equal.
    		Also see |assert-return|.

    							*assert_notmatch()*
    assert_notmatch({pattern}, {actual} [, {msg}])
    		The opposite of `assert_match()`: add an error message to
    		|v:errors| when {pattern} matches {actual}.
    		Also see |assert-return|.

    assert_report({msg})					*assert_report()*
    		Report a test failure directly, using {msg}.
    		Always returns one.

    assert_true({actual} [, {msg}])				*assert_true()*
    		When {actual} is not true an error message is added to
    		|v:errors|, like with |assert_equal()|.
    		Also see |assert-return|.
    		A value is TRUE when it is a non-zero number.  When {actual}
    		is not a number the assert fails.
    		When {msg} is omitted an error in the form "Expected True but
    		got {actual}" is produced.

    asin({expr})						*asin()*
    		Return the arc sine of {expr} measured in radians, as a |Float|
    		in the range of [-pi/2, pi/2].
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number| in the range
    		[-1, 1].
    		Examples:
    			:echo asin(0.8)
     			0.927295
    			:echo asin(-0.5)
     			-0.523599
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    atan({expr})						*atan()*
    		Return the principal value of the arc tangent of {expr}, in
    		the range [-pi/2, +pi/2] radians, as a |Float|.
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			:echo atan(100)
     			1.560797
    			:echo atan(-4.01)
     			-1.326405
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    atan2({expr1}, {expr2})					*atan2()*
    		Return the arc tangent of {expr1} / {expr2}, measured in
    		radians, as a |Float| in the range [-pi, pi].
    		{expr1} and {expr2} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			:echo atan2(-1, 1)
     			-0.785398
    			:echo atan2(1, -1)
     			2.356194
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    balloon_show({expr})					*balloon_show()*
    		Show {expr} inside the balloon.  For the GUI {expr} is used as
    		a string.  For a terminal {expr} can be a list, which contains
    		the lines of the balloon.  If {expr} is not a list it will be
    		split with |balloon_split()|.

    		Example:
    			func GetBalloonContent()
    			   " initiate getting the content
    			   return ''
    			endfunc
    			set balloonexpr=GetBalloonContent()

    			func BalloonCallback(result)
    			  call balloon_show(a:result)
    			endfunc

    		The intended use is that fetching the content of the balloon
    		is initiated from 'balloonexpr'.  It will invoke an
    		asynchronous method, in which a callback invokes
    		balloon_show().  The 'balloonexpr' itself can return an
    		empty string or a placeholder.

    		When showing a balloon is not possible nothing happens, no
    		error message.
    		{only available when compiled with the +balloon_eval or
    		+balloon_eval_term feature}

    balloon_split({msg})					*balloon_split()*
    		Split {msg} into lines to be displayed in a balloon.  The
    		splits are made for the current window size and optimize to
    		show debugger output.
    		Returns a |List| with the split lines.
    		{only available when compiled with the +balloon_eval_term
    		feature}

    							*browse()*
    browse({save}, {title}, {initdir}, {default})
    		Put up a file requester.  This only works when "has("browse")"
    		returns |TRUE| (only in some GUI versions).
    		The input fields are:
    		    {save}	when |TRUE|, select file to write
    		    {title}	title for the requester
    		    {initdir}	directory to start browsing in
    		    {default}	default file name
    		When the "Cancel" button is hit, something went wrong, or
    		browsing is not possible, an empty string is returned.

    							*browsedir()*
    browsedir({title}, {initdir})
    		Put up a directory requester.  This only works when
    		"has("browse")" returns |TRUE| (only in some GUI versions).
    		On systems where a directory browser is not supported a file
    		browser is used.  In that case: select a file in the directory
    		to be used.
    		The input fields are:
    		    {title}	title for the requester
    		    {initdir}	directory to start browsing in
    		When the "Cancel" button is hit, something went wrong, or
    		browsing is not possible, an empty string is returned.

    bufexists({expr})					*bufexists()*
    		The result is a Number, which is |TRUE| if a buffer called
    		{expr} exists.
    		If the {expr} argument is a number, buffer numbers are used.
    		Number zero is the alternate buffer for the current window.

    		If the {expr} argument is a string it must match a buffer name
    		exactly.  The name can be:
    		- Relative to the current directory.
    		- A full path.
    		- The name of a buffer with 'buftype' set to "nofile".
    		- A URL name.
    		Unlisted buffers will be found.
    		Note that help files are listed by their short name in the
    		output of |:buffers|, but bufexists() requires using their
    		long name to be able to find them.
    		bufexists() may report a buffer exists, but to use the name
    		with a |:buffer| command you may need to use |expand()|.  Esp
    		for MS-Windows 8.3 names in the form "c:\DOCUME~1"
    		Use "bufexists(0)" to test for the existence of an alternate
    		file name.

    							*buffer_exists()*
    		Obsolete name: buffer_exists().

    buflisted({expr})					*buflisted()*
    		The result is a Number, which is |TRUE| if a buffer called
    		{expr} exists and is listed (has the 'buflisted' option set).
    		The {expr} argument is used like with |bufexists()|.

    bufloaded({expr})					*bufloaded()*
    		The result is a Number, which is |TRUE| if a buffer called
    		{expr} exists and is loaded (shown in a window or hidden).
    		The {expr} argument is used like with |bufexists()|.

    bufname({expr})						*bufname()*
    		The result is the name of a buffer, as it is displayed by the
    		":ls" command.
    		If {expr} is a Number, that buffer number's name is given.
    		Number zero is the alternate buffer for the current window.
    		If {expr} is a String, it is used as a |file-pattern| to match
    		with the buffer names.  This is always done like 'magic' is
    		set and 'cpoptions' is empty.  When there is more than one
    		match an empty string is returned.
    		"" or "%" can be used for the current buffer, "#" for the
    		alternate buffer.
    		A full match is preferred, otherwise a match at the start, end
    		or middle of the buffer name is accepted.  If you only want a
    		full match then put "^" at the start and "$" at the end of the
    		pattern.
    		Listed buffers are found first.  If there is a single match
    		with a listed buffer, that one is returned.  Next unlisted
    		buffers are searched for.
    		If the {expr} is a String, but you want to use it as a buffer
    		number, force it to be a Number by adding zero to it:
    			:echo bufname("3" + 0)
     		If the buffer doesn't exist, or doesn't have a name, an empty
    		string is returned.
    	bufname("#")		alternate buffer name
    	bufname(3)		name of buffer 3
    	bufname("%")		name of current buffer
    	bufname("file2")	name of buffer where "file2" matches.

     							*buffer_name()*
    		Obsolete name: buffer_name().

    							*bufnr()*
    bufnr({expr} [, {create}])
    		The result is the number of a buffer, as it is displayed by
    		the ":ls" command.  For the use of {expr}, see |bufname()|
    		above.
    		If the buffer doesn't exist, -1 is returned.  Or, if the
    		{create} argument is present and not zero, a new, unlisted,
    		buffer is created and its number is returned.
    		bufnr("$") is the last buffer:
    	:let last_buffer = bufnr("$")
     		The result is a Number, which is the highest buffer number
    		of existing buffers.  Note that not all buffers with a smaller
    		number necessarily exist, because ":bwipeout" may have removed
    		them.  Use bufexists() to test for the existence of a buffer.

    							*buffer_number()*
    		Obsolete name: buffer_number().

    							*last_buffer_nr()*
    		Obsolete name for bufnr("$"): last_buffer_nr().

    bufwinid({expr})					*bufwinid()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the |window-ID| of the first
    		window associated with buffer {expr}.  For the use of {expr},
    		see |bufname()| above.  If buffer {expr} doesn't exist or
    		there is no such window, -1 is returned.  Example:

    	echo "A window containing buffer 1 is " . (bufwinid(1))

    		Only deals with the current tab page.

    bufwinnr({expr})					*bufwinnr()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the number of the first
    		window associated with buffer {expr}.  For the use of {expr},
    		see |bufname()| above.  If buffer {expr} doesn't exist or
    		there is no such window, -1 is returned.  Example:

    	echo "A window containing buffer 1 is " . (bufwinnr(1))

     		The number can be used with |CTRL-W_w| and ":wincmd w"
    		|:wincmd|.
    		Only deals with the current tab page.

    byte2line({byte})					*byte2line()*
    		Return the line number that contains the character at byte
    		count {byte} in the current buffer.  This includes the
    		end-of-line character, depending on the 'fileformat' option
    		for the current buffer.  The first character has byte count
    		one.
    		Also see |line2byte()|, |go| and |:goto|.
    		{not available when compiled without the |+byte_offset|
    		feature}

    byteidx({expr}, {nr})					*byteidx()*
    		Return byte index of the {nr}'th character in the string
    		{expr}.  Use zero for the first character, it returns zero.
    		This function is only useful when there are multibyte
    		characters, otherwise the returned value is equal to {nr}.
    		Composing characters are not counted separately, their byte
    		length is added to the preceding base character.  See
    		|byteidxcomp()| below for counting composing characters
    		separately.
    		Example :
    			echo matchstr(str, ".", byteidx(str, 3))
     		will display the fourth character.  Another way to do the
    		same:
    			let s = strpart(str, byteidx(str, 3))
    			echo strpart(s, 0, byteidx(s, 1))
     		Also see |strgetchar()| and |strcharpart()|.

    		If there are less than {nr} characters -1 is returned.
    		If there are exactly {nr} characters the length of the string
    		in bytes is returned.

    byteidxcomp({expr}, {nr})					*byteidxcomp()*
    		Like byteidx(), except that a composing character is counted
    		as a separate character.  Example:
    			let s = 'e' . nr2char(0x301)
    			echo byteidx(s, 1)
    			echo byteidxcomp(s, 1)
    			echo byteidxcomp(s, 2)
     		The first and third echo result in 3 ('e' plus composing
    		character is 3 bytes), the second echo results in 1 ('e' is
    		one byte).
    		Only works different from byteidx() when 'encoding' is set to
    		a Unicode encoding.

    call({func}, {arglist} [, {dict}])			*call()* *E699*
    		Call function {func} with the items in |List| {arglist} as
    		arguments.
    		{func} can either be a |Funcref| or the name of a function.
    		a:firstline and a:lastline are set to the cursor line.
    		Returns the return value of the called function.
    		{dict} is for functions with the "dict" attribute.  It will be
    		used to set the local variable "self". |Dictionary-function|

    ceil({expr})							*ceil()*
    		Return the smallest integral value greater than or equal to
    		{expr} as a |Float| (round up).
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			echo ceil(1.456)
     			2.0
    			echo ceil(-5.456)
     			-5.0
    			echo ceil(4.0)
     			4.0
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    ch_canread({handle})						*ch_canread()*
    		Return non-zero when there is something to read from {handle}.
    		{handle} can be a Channel or a Job that has a Channel.

    		This is useful to read from a channel at a convenient time,
    		e.g. from a timer.

    		Note that messages are dropped when the channel does not have
    		a callback.  Add a close callback to avoid that.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+channel| feature}

    ch_close({handle})						*ch_close()*
    		Close {handle}.  See |channel-close|.
    		{handle} can be a Channel or a Job that has a Channel.
    		A close callback is not invoked.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+channel| feature}

    ch_close_in({handle})						*ch_close_in()*
    		Close the "in" part of {handle}.  See |channel-close-in|.
    		{handle} can be a Channel or a Job that has a Channel.
    		A close callback is not invoked.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+channel| feature}

    ch_evalexpr({handle}, {expr} [, {options}])			*ch_evalexpr()*
    		Send {expr} over {handle}.  The {expr} is encoded
    		according to the type of channel.  The function cannot be used
    		with a raw channel.  See |channel-use|.
    		{handle} can be a Channel or a Job that has a Channel.

    								*E917*
    		{options} must be a Dictionary.  It must not have a "callback"
    		entry.  It can have a "timeout" entry to specify the timeout
    		for this specific request.

    		ch_evalexpr() waits for a response and returns the decoded
    		expression.  When there is an error or timeout it returns an
    		empty string.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+channel| feature}

    ch_evalraw({handle}, {string} [, {options}])		*ch_evalraw()*
    		Send {string} over {handle}.
    		{handle} can be a Channel or a Job that has a Channel.

    		Works like |ch_evalexpr()|, but does not encode the request or
    		decode the response.  The caller is responsible for the
    		correct contents.  Also does not add a newline for a channel
    		in NL mode, the caller must do that.  The NL in the response
    		is removed.
    		Note that Vim does not know when the text received on a raw
    		channel is complete, it may only return the first part and you
    		need to use ch_readraw() to fetch the rest.
    		See |channel-use|.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+channel| feature}

    ch_getbufnr({handle}, {what})				 *ch_getbufnr()*
    		Get the buffer number that {handle} is using for {what}.
    		{handle} can be a Channel or a Job that has a Channel.
    		{what} can be "err" for stderr, "out" for stdout or empty for
    		socket output.
    		Returns -1 when there is no buffer.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+channel| feature}

    ch_getjob({channel})						*ch_getjob()*
    		Get the Job associated with {channel}.
    		If there is no job calling |job_status()| on the returned Job
    		will result in "fail".

    		{only available when compiled with the |+channel| and
    		|+job| features}

    ch_info({handle})						*ch_info()*
    		Returns a Dictionary with information about {handle}.  The
    		items are:
    		   "id"		  number of the channel
    		   "status"	  "open", "buffered" or "closed", like
    				  ch_status()
    		When opened with ch_open():
    		   "hostname"	  the hostname of the address
    		   "port"	  the port of the address
    		   "sock_status"  "open" or "closed"
    		   "sock_mode"	  "NL", "RAW", "JSON" or "JS"
    		   "sock_io"	  "socket"
    		   "sock_timeout" timeout in msec
    		When opened with job_start():
    		   "out_status"	  "open", "buffered" or "closed"
    		   "out_mode"	  "NL", "RAW", "JSON" or "JS"
    		   "out_io"	  "null", "pipe", "file" or "buffer"
    		   "out_timeout"  timeout in msec
    		   "err_status"	  "open", "buffered" or "closed"
    		   "err_mode"	  "NL", "RAW", "JSON" or "JS"
    		   "err_io"	  "out", "null", "pipe", "file" or "buffer"
    		   "err_timeout"  timeout in msec
    		   "in_status"	  "open" or "closed"
    		   "in_mode"	  "NL", "RAW", "JSON" or "JS"
    		   "in_io"	  "null", "pipe", "file" or "buffer"
    		   "in_timeout"	  timeout in msec

    ch_log({msg} [, {handle}])					*ch_log()*
    		Write {msg} in the channel log file, if it was opened with
    		|ch_logfile()|.
    		When {handle} is passed the channel number is used for the
    		message.
    		{handle} can be a Channel or a Job that has a Channel.  The
    		Channel must be open for the channel number to be used.

    ch_logfile({fname} [, {mode}])					*ch_logfile()*
    		Start logging channel activity to {fname}.
    		When {fname} is an empty string: stop logging.

    		When {mode} is omitted or "a" append to the file.
    		When {mode} is "w" start with an empty file.

    		The file is flushed after every message, on Unix you can use
    		"tail -f" to see what is going on in real time.

    		This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
    		NOTE: the channel communication is stored in the file, be
    		aware that this may contain confidential and privacy sensitive
    		information, e.g. a password you type in a terminal window.

    ch_open({address} [, {options}])				*ch_open()*
    		Open a channel to {address}.  See |channel|.
    		Returns a Channel.  Use |ch_status()| to check for failure.

    		{address} has the form "hostname:port", e.g.,
    		"localhost:8765".

    		If {options} is given it must be a |Dictionary|.
    		See |channel-open-options|.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+channel| feature}

    ch_read({handle} [, {options}])					*ch_read()*
    		Read from {handle} and return the received message.
    		{handle} can be a Channel or a Job that has a Channel.
    		For a NL channel this waits for a NL to arrive, except when
    		there is nothing more to read (channel was closed).
    		See |channel-more|.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+channel| feature}

    ch_readraw({handle} [, {options}])			*ch_readraw()*
    		Like ch_read() but for a JS and JSON channel does not decode
    		the message.  For a NL channel it does not block waiting for
    		the NL to arrive, but otherwise works like ch_read().
    		See |channel-more|.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+channel| feature}

    ch_sendexpr({handle}, {expr} [, {options}])			*ch_sendexpr()*
    		Send {expr} over {handle}.  The {expr} is encoded
    		according to the type of channel.  The function cannot be used
    		with a raw channel.

    		See |channel-use|.				*E912*
    		{handle} can be a Channel or a Job that has a Channel.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+channel| feature}

    ch_sendraw({handle}, {string} [, {options}])		*ch_sendraw()*
    		Send {string} over {handle}.
    		Works like |ch_sendexpr()|, but does not encode the request or
    		decode the response.  The caller is responsible for the
    		correct contents.  Also does not add a newline for a channel
    		in NL mode, the caller must do that.  The NL in the response
    		is removed.
    		See |channel-use|.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+channel| feature}

    ch_setoptions({handle}, {options})			*ch_setoptions()*
    		Set options on {handle}:
    			"callback"	the channel callback
    			"timeout"	default read timeout in msec
    			"mode"		mode for the whole channel
    		See |ch_open()| for more explanation.
    		{handle} can be a Channel or a Job that has a Channel.

    		Note that changing the mode may cause queued messages to be
    		lost.

    		These options cannot be changed:
    			"waittime"	only applies to |ch_open()|

    ch_status({handle} [, {options}])				*ch_status()*
    		Return the status of {handle}:
    			"fail"		failed to open the channel
    			"open"		channel can be used
    			"buffered"	channel can be read, not written to
    			"closed"	channel can not be used
    		{handle} can be a Channel or a Job that has a Channel.
    		"buffered" is used when the channel was closed but there is
    		still data that can be obtained with |ch_read()|.

    		If {options} is given it can contain a "part" entry to specify
    		the part of the channel to return the status for: "out" or
    		"err".  For example, to get the error status:
    			ch_status(job, {"part": "err"})

    changenr()						*changenr()*
    		Return the number of the most recent change.  This is the same
    		number as what is displayed with |:undolist| and can be used
    		with the |:undo| command.
    		When a change was made it is the number of that change.  After
    		redo it is the number of the redone change.  After undo it is
    		one less than the number of the undone change.

    char2nr({expr} [, {utf8}])					*char2nr()*
    		Return number value of the first char in {expr}.  Examples:
    			char2nr(" ")		returns 32
    			char2nr("ABC")		returns 65
     		When {utf8} is omitted or zero, the current 'encoding' is used.
    		Example for "utf-8":
    			char2nr("á")		returns 225
    			char2nr("á"[0])		returns 195
     		With {utf8} set to 1, always treat as utf-8 characters.
    		A combining character is a separate character.
    		|nr2char()| does the opposite.

    cindent({lnum})						*cindent()*
    		Get the amount of indent for line {lnum} according the C
    		indenting rules, as with 'cindent'.
    		The indent is counted in spaces, the value of 'tabstop' is
    		relevant.  {lnum} is used just like in |getline()|.
    		When {lnum} is invalid or Vim was not compiled the |+cindent|
    		feature, -1 is returned.
    		See |C-indenting|.

    clearmatches()						*clearmatches()*
    		Clears all matches previously defined by |matchadd()| and the
    		|:match| commands.

    							*col()*
    col({expr})	The result is a Number, which is the byte index of the column
    		position given with {expr}.  The accepted positions are:
    		    .	    the cursor position
    		    $	    the end of the cursor line (the result is the
    			    number of bytes in the cursor line plus one)
    		    'x	    position of mark x (if the mark is not set, 0 is
    			    returned)
    		    v       In Visual mode: the start of the Visual area (the
    			    cursor is the end).  When not in Visual mode
    			    returns the cursor position.  Differs from |'<| in
    			    that it's updated right away.
    		Additionally {expr} can be [lnum, col]: a |List| with the line
    		and column number. Most useful when the column is "$", to get
    		the last column of a specific line.  When "lnum" or "col" is
    		out of range then col() returns zero.
    		To get the line number use |line()|.  To get both use
    		|getpos()|.
    		For the screen column position use |virtcol()|.
    		Note that only marks in the current file can be used.
    		Examples:
    			col(".")		column of cursor
    			col("$")		length of cursor line plus one
    			col("'t")		column of mark t
    			col("'" . markname)	column of mark markname
     		The first column is 1.  0 is returned for an error.
    		For an uppercase mark the column may actually be in another
    		buffer.
    		For the cursor position, when 'virtualedit' is active, the
    		column is one higher if the cursor is after the end of the
    		line.  This can be used to obtain the column in Insert mode:
    			:imap <F2> <C-O>:let save_ve = &ve<CR>
    				\<C-O>:set ve=all<CR>
    				\<C-O>:echo col(".") . "\n" <Bar>
    				\let &ve = save_ve<CR>

    complete({startcol}, {matches})			*complete()* *E785*
    		Set the matches for Insert mode completion.
    		Can only be used in Insert mode.  You need to use a mapping
    		with CTRL-R = (see |i_CTRL-R|).  It does not work after CTRL-O
    		or with an expression mapping.
    		{startcol} is the byte offset in the line where the completed
    		text start.  The text up to the cursor is the original text
    		that will be replaced by the matches.  Use col('.') for an
    		empty string.  "col('.') - 1" will replace one character by a
    		match.
    		{matches} must be a |List|.  Each |List| item is one match.
    		See |complete-items| for the kind of items that are possible.
    		Note that the after calling this function you need to avoid
    		inserting anything that would cause completion to stop.
    		The match can be selected with CTRL-N and CTRL-P as usual with
    		Insert mode completion.  The popup menu will appear if
    		specified, see |ins-completion-menu|.
    		Example:
    	inoremap <F5> <C-R>=ListMonths()<CR>

    	func! ListMonths()
    	  call complete(col('.'), ['January', 'February', 'March',
    		\ 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September',
    		\ 'October', 'November', 'December'])
    	  return ''
    	endfunc
     		This isn't very useful, but it shows how it works.  Note that
    		an empty string is returned to avoid a zero being inserted.

    complete_add({expr})				*complete_add()*
    		Add {expr} to the list of matches.  Only to be used by the
    		function specified with the 'completefunc' option.
    		Returns 0 for failure (empty string or out of memory),
    		1 when the match was added, 2 when the match was already in
    		the list.
    		See |complete-functions| for an explanation of {expr}.  It is
    		the same as one item in the list that 'omnifunc' would return.

    complete_check()				*complete_check()*
    		Check for a key typed while looking for completion matches.
    		This is to be used when looking for matches takes some time.
    		Returns |TRUE| when searching for matches is to be aborted,
    		zero otherwise.
    		Only to be used by the function specified with the
    		'completefunc' option.

    						*confirm()*
    confirm({msg} [, {choices} [, {default} [, {type}]]])
    		Confirm() offers the user a dialog, from which a choice can be
    		made.  It returns the number of the choice.  For the first
    		choice this is 1.
    		Note: confirm() is only supported when compiled with dialog
    		support, see |+dialog_con| and |+dialog_gui|.

    		{msg} is displayed in a |dialog| with {choices} as the
    		alternatives.  When {choices} is missing or empty, "&OK" is
    		used (and translated).
    		{msg} is a String, use '\n' to include a newline.  Only on
    		some systems the string is wrapped when it doesn't fit.

    		{choices} is a String, with the individual choices separated
    		by '\n', e.g.
    			confirm("Save changes?", "&Yes\n&No\n&Cancel")
     		The letter after the '&' is the shortcut key for that choice.
    		Thus you can type 'c' to select "Cancel".  The shortcut does
    		not need to be the first letter:
    			confirm("file has been modified", "&Save\nSave &All")
     		For the console, the first letter of each choice is used as
    		the default shortcut key.

    		The optional {default} argument is the number of the choice
    		that is made if the user hits <CR>.  Use 1 to make the first
    		choice the default one.  Use 0 to not set a default.  If
    		{default} is omitted, 1 is used.

    		The optional {type} argument gives the type of dialog.  This
    		is only used for the icon of the GTK, Mac, Motif and Win32
    		GUI.  It can be one of these values: "Error", "Question",
    		"Info", "Warning" or "Generic".  Only the first character is
    		relevant.  When {type} is omitted, "Generic" is used.

    		If the user aborts the dialog by pressing <Esc>, CTRL-C,
    		or another valid interrupt key, confirm() returns 0.

    		An example:
       :let choice = confirm("What do you want?", "&Apples\n&Oranges\n&Bananas", 2)
       :if choice == 0
       :	echo "make up your mind!"
       :elseif choice == 3
       :	echo "tasteful"
       :else
       :	echo "I prefer bananas myself."
       :endif
     		In a GUI dialog, buttons are used.  The layout of the buttons
    		depends on the 'v' flag in 'guioptions'.  If it is included,
    		the buttons are always put vertically.  Otherwise,  confirm()
    		tries to put the buttons in one horizontal line.  If they
    		don't fit, a vertical layout is used anyway.  For some systems
    		the horizontal layout is always used.

    							*copy()*
    copy({expr})	Make a copy of {expr}.  For Numbers and Strings this isn't
    		different from using {expr} directly.
    		When {expr} is a |List| a shallow copy is created.  This means
    		that the original |List| can be changed without changing the
    		copy, and vice versa.  But the items are identical, thus
    		changing an item changes the contents of both |Lists|.
    		A |Dictionary| is copied in a similar way as a |List|.
    		Also see |deepcopy()|.

    cos({expr})						*cos()*
    		Return the cosine of {expr}, measured in radians, as a |Float|.
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			:echo cos(100)
     			0.862319
    			:echo cos(-4.01)
     			-0.646043
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    cosh({expr})						*cosh()*
    		Return the hyperbolic cosine of {expr} as a |Float| in the range
    		[1, inf].
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			:echo cosh(0.5)
     			1.127626
    			:echo cosh(-0.5)
     			-1.127626
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    count({comp}, {expr} [, {ic} [, {start}]])			*count()*
    		Return the number of times an item with value {expr} appears
    		in |String|, |List| or |Dictionary| {comp}.

    		If {start} is given then start with the item with this index.
    		{start} can only be used with a |List|.

    		When {ic} is given and it's |TRUE| then case is ignored.

    		When {comp} is a string then the number of not overlapping
    		occurrences of {expr} is returned. Zero is returned when
    		{expr} is an empty string.

    							*cscope_connection()*
    cscope_connection([{num} , {dbpath} [, {prepend}]])
    		Checks for the existence of a |cscope| connection.  If no
    		parameters are specified, then the function returns:
    			0, if cscope was not available (not compiled in), or
    			   if there are no cscope connections;
    			1, if there is at least one cscope connection.

    		If parameters are specified, then the value of {num}
    		determines how existence of a cscope connection is checked:

    		{num}	Description of existence check
    		-----	------------------------------
    		0	Same as no parameters (e.g., "cscope_connection()").
    		1	Ignore {prepend}, and use partial string matches for
    			{dbpath}.
    		2	Ignore {prepend}, and use exact string matches for
    			{dbpath}.
    		3	Use {prepend}, use partial string matches for both
    			{dbpath} and {prepend}.
    		4	Use {prepend}, use exact string matches for both
    			{dbpath} and {prepend}.

    		Note: All string comparisons are case sensitive!

    		Examples.  Suppose we had the following (from ":cs show"):

      # pid    database name			prepend path
      0 27664  cscope.out				/usr/local

    		Invocation					Return Val
    		----------					----------
    		cscope_connection()					1
    		cscope_connection(1, "out")				1
    		cscope_connection(2, "out")				0
    		cscope_connection(3, "out")				0
    		cscope_connection(3, "out", "local")			1
    		cscope_connection(4, "out")				0
    		cscope_connection(4, "out", "local")			0
    		cscope_connection(4, "cscope.out", "/usr/local")	1

    cursor({lnum}, {col} [, {off}])				*cursor()*
    cursor({list})
    		Positions the cursor at the column (byte count) {col} in the
    		line {lnum}.  The first column is one.

    		When there is one argument {list} this is used as a |List|
    		with two, three or four item:
    			[{lnum}, {col}]
    			[{lnum}, {col}, {off}]
    			[{lnum}, {col}, {off}, {curswant}]
    		This is like the return value of |getpos()| or |getcurpos()|,
    		but without the first item.

    		Does not change the jumplist.
    		If {lnum} is greater than the number of lines in the buffer,
    		the cursor will be positioned at the last line in the buffer.
    		If {lnum} is zero, the cursor will stay in the current line.
    		If {col} is greater than the number of bytes in the line,
    		the cursor will be positioned at the last character in the
    		line.
    		If {col} is zero, the cursor will stay in the current column.
    		If {curswant} is given it is used to set the preferred column
    		for vertical movement.  Otherwise {col} is used.

    		When 'virtualedit' is used {off} specifies the offset in
    		screen columns from the start of the character.  E.g., a
    		position within a <Tab> or after the last character.
    		Returns 0 when the position could be set, -1 otherwise.

    deepcopy({expr} [, {noref}])				*deepcopy()* *E698*
    		Make a copy of {expr}.  For Numbers and Strings this isn't
    		different from using {expr} directly.
    		When {expr} is a |List| a full copy is created.  This means
    		that the original |List| can be changed without changing the
    		copy, and vice versa.  When an item is a |List| or
    		|Dictionary|, a copy for it is made, recursively.  Thus
    		changing an item in the copy does not change the contents of
    		the original |List|.
    		A |Dictionary| is copied in a similar way as a |List|.
    		When {noref} is omitted or zero a contained |List| or
    		|Dictionary| is only copied once.  All references point to
    		this single copy.  With {noref} set to 1 every occurrence of a
    		|List| or |Dictionary| results in a new copy.  This also means
    		that a cyclic reference causes deepcopy() to fail.

    								*E724*
    		Nesting is possible up to 100 levels.  When there is an item
    		that refers back to a higher level making a deep copy with
    		{noref} set to 1 will fail.
    		Also see |copy()|.

    delete({fname} [, {flags}])					*delete()*
    		Without {flags} or with {flags} empty: Deletes the file by the
    		name {fname}.  This also works when {fname} is a symbolic link.

    		When {flags} is "d": Deletes the directory by the name
    		{fname}.  This fails when directory {fname} is not empty.

    		When {flags} is "rf": Deletes the directory by the name
    		{fname} and everything in it, recursively.  BE CAREFUL!
    		Note: on MS-Windows it is not possible to delete a directory
    		that is being used.

    		A symbolic link itself is deleted, not what it points to.

    		The result is a Number, which is 0 if the delete operation was
    		successful and -1 when the deletion failed or partly failed.

    		Use |remove()| to delete an item from a |List|.
    		To delete a line from the buffer use |:delete|.  Use |:exe|
    		when the line number is in a variable.

    							*did_filetype()*
    did_filetype()	Returns |TRUE| when autocommands are being executed and the
    		FileType event has been triggered at least once.  Can be used
    		to avoid triggering the FileType event again in the scripts
    		that detect the file type. |FileType|
    		Returns |FALSE| when `:setf FALLBACK` was used.
    		When editing another file, the counter is reset, thus this
    		really checks if the FileType event has been triggered for the
    		current buffer.  This allows an autocommand that starts
    		editing another buffer to set 'filetype' and load a syntax
    		file.

    diff_filler({lnum})					*diff_filler()*
    		Returns the number of filler lines above line {lnum}.
    		These are the lines that were inserted at this point in
    		another diff'ed window.  These filler lines are shown in the
    		display but don't exist in the buffer.
    		{lnum} is used like with |getline()|.  Thus "." is the current
    		line, "'m" mark m, etc.
    		Returns 0 if the current window is not in diff mode.

    diff_hlID({lnum}, {col})				*diff_hlID()*
    		Returns the highlight ID for diff mode at line {lnum} column
    		{col} (byte index).  When the current line does not have a
    		diff change zero is returned.
    		{lnum} is used like with |getline()|.  Thus "." is the current
    		line, "'m" mark m, etc.
    		{col} is 1 for the leftmost column, {lnum} is 1 for the first
    		line.
    		The highlight ID can be used with |synIDattr()| to obtain
    		syntax information about the highlighting.

    empty({expr})						*empty()*
    		Return the Number 1 if {expr} is empty, zero otherwise.
    		- A |List| or |Dictionary| is empty when it does not have any
    		  items.
    		- A String is empty when its length is zero.
    		- A Number and Float is empty when its value is zero.
    		- |v:false|, |v:none| and |v:null| are empty, |v:true| is not.
    		- A Job is empty when it failed to start.
    		- A Channel is empty when it is closed.

    		For a long |List| this is much faster than comparing the
    		length with zero.

    escape({string}, {chars})				*escape()*
    		Escape the characters in {chars} that occur in {string} with a
    		backslash.  Example:
    			:echo escape('c:\program files\vim', ' \')
     		results in:
    			c:\\program\ files\\vim
     		Also see |shellescape()| and |fnameescape()|.

    							*eval()*
    eval({string})	Evaluate {string} and return the result.  Especially useful to
    		turn the result of |string()| back into the original value.
    		This works for Numbers, Floats, Strings and composites of
    		them.  Also works for |Funcref|s that refer to existing
    		functions.

    eventhandler()						*eventhandler()*
    		Returns 1 when inside an event handler.  That is that Vim got
    		interrupted while waiting for the user to type a character,
    		e.g., when dropping a file on Vim.  This means interactive
    		commands cannot be used.  Otherwise zero is returned.

    executable({expr})					*executable()*
    		This function checks if an executable with the name {expr}
    		exists.  {expr} must be the name of the program without any
    		arguments.
    		executable() uses the value of $PATH and/or the normal

    		searchpath for programs.		*PATHEXT*
    		On MS-DOS and MS-Windows the ".exe", ".bat", etc. can
    		optionally be included.  Then the extensions in $PATHEXT are
    		tried.  Thus if "foo.exe" does not exist, "foo.exe.bat" can be
    		found.  If $PATHEXT is not set then ".exe;.com;.bat;.cmd" is
    		used.  A dot by itself can be used in $PATHEXT to try using
    		the name without an extension.  When 'shell' looks like a
    		Unix shell, then the name is also tried without adding an
    		extension.
    		On MS-DOS and MS-Windows it only checks if the file exists and
    		is not a directory, not if it's really executable.
    		On MS-Windows an executable in the same directory as Vim is
    		always found.  Since this directory is added to $PATH it
    		should also work to execute it |win32-PATH|.
    		The result is a Number:
    			1	exists
    			0	does not exist
    			-1	not implemented on this system

    execute({command} [, {silent}])					*execute()*
    		Execute an Ex command or commands and return the output as a
    		string.
    		{command} can be a string or a List.  In case of a List the
    		lines are executed one by one.
    		This is equivalent to:
    			redir => var
    			{command}
    			redir END

    		The optional {silent} argument can have these values:
    			""		no `:silent` used
    			"silent"	`:silent` used
    			"silent!"	`:silent!` used
    		The default is "silent".  Note that with "silent!", unlike
    		`:redir`, error messages are dropped.  When using an external
    		command the screen may be messed up, use `system()` instead.

    							*E930*
    		It is not possible to use `:redir` anywhere in {command}.

    		To get a list of lines use |split()| on the result:
    			split(execute('args'), "\n")

     		When used recursively the output of the recursive call is not
    		included in the output of the higher level call.

    exepath({expr})						*exepath()*
    		If {expr} is an executable and is either an absolute path, a
    		relative path or found in $PATH, return the full path.
    		Note that the current directory is used when {expr} starts
    		with "./", which may be a problem for Vim:
    			echo exepath(v:progpath)
     		If {expr} cannot be found in $PATH or is not executable then
    		an empty string is returned.

    							*exists()*
    exists({expr})	The result is a Number, which is |TRUE| if {expr} is defined,
    		zero otherwise.

    		For checking for a supported feature use |has()|.
    		For checking if a file exists use |filereadable()|.

    		The {expr} argument is a string, which contains one of these:
    			&option-name	Vim option (only checks if it exists,
    					not if it really works)
    			+option-name	Vim option that works.
    			$ENVNAME	environment variable (could also be
    					done by comparing with an empty
    					string)
    			*funcname	built-in function (see |functions|)
    					or user defined function (see
    					|user-functions|). Also works for a
    					variable that is a Funcref.
    			varname		internal variable (see
    					|internal-variables|).  Also works
    					for |curly-braces-names|, |Dictionary|
    					entries, |List| items, etc.  Beware
    					that evaluating an index may cause an
    					error message for an invalid
    					expression.  E.g.:
    					   :let l = [1, 2, 3]
    					   :echo exists("l[5]")
     					   0
    					   :echo exists("l[xx]")
     					   E121: Undefined variable: xx
    					   0
    			:cmdname	Ex command: built-in command, user
    					command or command modifier |:command|.
    					Returns:
    					1  for match with start of a command
    					2  full match with a command
    					3  matches several user commands
    					To check for a supported command
    					always check the return value to be 2.
    			:2match		The |:2match| command.
    			:3match		The |:3match| command.
    			#event		autocommand defined for this event
    			#event#pattern	autocommand defined for this event and
    					pattern (the pattern is taken
    					literally and compared to the
    					autocommand patterns character by
    					character)
    			#group		autocommand group exists
    			#group#event	autocommand defined for this group and
    					event.
    			#group#event#pattern
    					autocommand defined for this group,
    					event and pattern.
    			##event		autocommand for this event is
    					supported.

    		Examples:
    			exists("&shortname")
    			exists("$HOSTNAME")
    			exists("*strftime")
    			exists("*s:MyFunc")
    			exists("bufcount")
    			exists(":Make")
    			exists("#CursorHold")
    			exists("#BufReadPre#*.gz")
    			exists("#filetypeindent")
    			exists("#filetypeindent#FileType")
    			exists("#filetypeindent#FileType#*")
    			exists("##ColorScheme")
     		There must be no space between the symbol (&/$/*/#) and the
    		name.
    		There must be no extra characters after the name, although in
    		a few cases this is ignored.  That may become more strict in
    		the future, thus don't count on it!
    		Working example:
    			exists(":make")
     		NOT working example:
    			exists(":make install")

     		Note that the argument must be a string, not the name of the
    		variable itself.  For example:
    			exists(bufcount)
     		This doesn't check for existence of the "bufcount" variable,
    		but gets the value of "bufcount", and checks if that exists.

    exp({expr})						*exp()*
    		Return the exponential of {expr} as a |Float| in the range
    		[0, inf].
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			:echo exp(2)
     			7.389056
    			:echo exp(-1)
     			0.367879
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    expand({expr} [, {nosuf} [, {list}]])				*expand()*
    		Expand wildcards and the following special keywords in {expr}.
    		'wildignorecase' applies.

    		If {list} is given and it is |TRUE|, a List will be returned.
    		Otherwise the result is a String and when there are several
    		matches, they are separated by <NL> characters.  [Note: in
    		version 5.0 a space was used, which caused problems when a
    		file name contains a space]

    		If the expansion fails, the result is an empty string.  A name
    		for a non-existing file is not included, unless {expr} does
    		not start with '%', '#' or '<', see below.

    		When {expr} starts with '%', '#' or '<', the expansion is done
    		like for the |cmdline-special| variables with their associated
    		modifiers.  Here is a short overview:

    			%		current file name
    			#		alternate file name
    			#n		alternate file name n
    			<cfile>		file name under the cursor
    			<afile>		autocmd file name
    			<abuf>		autocmd buffer number (as a String!)
    			<amatch>	autocmd matched name
    			<sfile>		sourced script file or function name
    			<slnum>		sourced script file line number
    			<cword>		word under the cursor
    			<cWORD>		WORD under the cursor
    			<client>	the {clientid} of the last received
    					message |server2client()|
    		Modifiers:
    			:p		expand to full path
    			:h		head (last path component removed)
    			:t		tail (last path component only)
    			:r		root (one extension removed)
    			:e		extension only

    		Example:
    			:let &tags = expand("%:p:h") . "/tags"
     		Note that when expanding a string that starts with '%', '#' or
    		'<', any following text is ignored.  This does NOT work:
    			:let doesntwork = expand("%:h.bak")
     		Use this:
    			:let doeswork = expand("%:h") . ".bak"
     		Also note that expanding "<cfile>" and others only returns the
    		referenced file name without further expansion.  If "<cfile>"
    		is "~/.cshrc", you need to do another expand() to have the
    		"~/" expanded into the path of the home directory:
    			:echo expand(expand("<cfile>"))

    		There cannot be white space between the variables and the
    		following modifier.  The |fnamemodify()| function can be used
    		to modify normal file names.

    		When using '%' or '#', and the current or alternate file name
    		is not defined, an empty string is used.  Using "%:p" in a
    		buffer with no name, results in the current directory, with a
    		'/' added.

    		When {expr} does not start with '%', '#' or '<', it is
    		expanded like a file name is expanded on the command line.
    		'suffixes' and 'wildignore' are used, unless the optional
    		{nosuf} argument is given and it is |TRUE|.
    		Names for non-existing files are included.  The "**" item can
    		be used to search in a directory tree.  For example, to find
    		all "README" files in the current directory and below:
    			:echo expand("**/README")

    		Expand() can also be used to expand variables and environment
    		variables that are only known in a shell.  But this can be
    		slow, because a shell may be used to do the expansion.  See
    		|expr-env-expand|.
    		The expanded variable is still handled like a list of file
    		names.  When an environment variable cannot be expanded, it is
    		left unchanged.  Thus ":echo expand('$FOOBAR')" results in
    		"$FOOBAR".

    		See |glob()| for finding existing files.  See |system()| for
    		getting the raw output of an external command.

    extend({expr1}, {expr2} [, {expr3}])			*extend()*
    		{expr1} and {expr2} must be both |Lists| or both
    		|Dictionaries|.

    		If they are |Lists|: Append {expr2} to {expr1}.
    		If {expr3} is given insert the items of {expr2} before item
    		{expr3} in {expr1}.  When {expr3} is zero insert before the
    		first item.  When {expr3} is equal to len({expr1}) then
    		{expr2} is appended.
    		Examples:
    			:echo sort(extend(mylist, [7, 5]))
    			:call extend(mylist, [2, 3], 1)
     		When {expr1} is the same List as {expr2} then the number of
    		items copied is equal to the original length of the List.
    		E.g., when {expr3} is 1 you get N new copies of the first item
    		(where N is the original length of the List).
    		Use |add()| to concatenate one item to a list.  To concatenate
    		two lists into a new list use the + operator:
    			:let newlist = [1, 2, 3] + [4, 5]

    		If they are YXXYDictionaries|:
    		Add all entries from {expr2} to {expr1}.
    		If a key exists in both {expr1} and {expr2} then {expr3} is
    		used to decide what to do:
    		{expr3} = "keep": keep the value of {expr1}
    		{expr3} = "force": use the value of {expr2}

    		{expr3} = "error": give an error message		*E737*
    		When {expr3} is omitted then "force" is assumed.

    		{expr1} is changed when {expr2} is not empty.  If necessary
    		make a copy of {expr1} first.
    		{expr2} remains unchanged.
    		When {expr1} is locked and {expr2} is not empty the operation
    		fails.
    		Returns {expr1}.

    feedkeys({string} [, {mode}])				*feedkeys()*
    		Characters in {string} are queued for processing as if they
    		come from a mapping or were typed by the user.
    		By default the string is added to the end of the typeahead
    		buffer, thus if a mapping is still being executed the
    		characters come after them.  Use the 'i' flag to insert before
    		other characters, they will be executed next, before any
    		characters from a mapping.
    		The function does not wait for processing of keys contained in
    		{string}.
    		To include special keys into {string}, use double-quotes
    		and "\..." notation |expr-quote|. For example,
    		feedkeys("\<CR>") simulates pressing of the <Enter> key. But
    		feedkeys('\<CR>') pushes 5 characters.
    		If {mode} is absent, keys are remapped.
    		{mode} is a String, which can contain these character flags:
    		'm'	Remap keys. This is default.
    		'n'	Do not remap keys.
    		't'	Handle keys as if typed; otherwise they are handled as
    			if coming from a mapping.  This matters for undo,
    			opening folds, etc.
    		'i'	Insert the string instead of appending (see above).
    		'x'	Execute commands until typeahead is empty.  This is
    			similar to using ":normal!".  You can call feedkeys()
    			several times without 'x' and then one time with 'x'
    			(possibly with an empty {string}) to execute all the
    			typeahead.  Note that when Vim ends in Insert mode it
    			will behave as if <Esc> is typed, to avoid getting
    			stuck, waiting for a character to be typed before the
    			script continues.
    		'!'	When used with 'x' will not end Insert mode. Can be
    			used in a test when a timer is set to exit Insert mode
    			a little later.  Useful for testing CursorHoldI.

    		Return value is always 0.

    filereadable({file})					*filereadable()*
    		The result is a Number, which is |TRUE| when a file with the
    		name {file} exists, and can be read.  If {file} doesn't exist,
    		or is a directory, the result is |FALSE|.  {file} is any
    		expression, which is used as a String.
    		If you don't care about the file being readable you can use
    		|glob()|.

    							*file_readable()*
    		Obsolete name: file_readable().

    filewritable({file})					*filewritable()*
    		The result is a Number, which is 1 when a file with the
    		name {file} exists, and can be written.  If {file} doesn't
    		exist, or is not writable, the result is 0.  If {file} is a
    		directory, and we can write to it, the result is 2.

    filter({expr1}, {expr2})				*filter()*
    		{expr1} must be a |List| or a |Dictionary|.
    		For each item in {expr1} evaluate {expr2} and when the result
    		is zero remove the item from the |List| or |Dictionary|.
    		{expr2} must be a |string| or |Funcref|.

    		If {expr2} is a |string|, inside {expr2} |v:val| has the value
    		of the current item.  For a |Dictionary| |v:key| has the key
    		of the current item and for a |List| |v:key| has the index of
    		the current item.
    		Examples:
    			call filter(mylist, 'v:val !~ "OLD"')
     		Removes the items where "OLD" appears.
    			call filter(mydict, 'v:key >= 8')
     		Removes the items with a key below 8.
    			call filter(var, 0)
     		Removes all the items, thus clears the |List| or |Dictionary|.

    		Note that {expr2} is the result of expression and is then
    		used as an expression again.  Often it is good to use a
    		|literal-string| to avoid having to double backslashes.

    		If {expr2} is a |Funcref| it must take two arguments:
    			1. the key or the index of the current item.
    			2. the value of the current item.
    		The function must return |TRUE| if the item should be kept.
    		Example that keeps the odd items of a list:
    			func Odd(idx, val)
    			  return a:idx % 2 == 1
    			endfunc
    			call filter(mylist, function('Odd'))
     		It is shorter when using a YXXYlambda|:
    			call filter(myList, {idx, val -> idx * val <= 42})
     		If you do not use "val" you can leave it out:
    			call filter(myList, {idx -> idx % 2 == 1})

    		The operation is done in-place.  If you want a |List| or
    		|Dictionary| to remain unmodified make a copy first:
    			:let l = filter(copy(mylist), 'v:val =~ "KEEP"')

     		Returns {expr1}, the |List| or |Dictionary| that was filtered.
    		When an error is encountered while evaluating {expr2} no
    		further items in {expr1} are processed.  When {expr2} is a
    		Funcref errors inside a function are ignored, unless it was
    		defined with the "abort" flag.

    finddir({name} [, {path} [, {count}]])				*finddir()*
    		Find directory {name} in {path}.  Supports both downwards and
    		upwards recursive directory searches.  See |file-searching|
    		for the syntax of {path}.
    		Returns the path of the first found match.  When the found
    		directory is below the current directory a relative path is
    		returned.  Otherwise a full path is returned.
    		If {path} is omitted or empty then 'path' is used.
    		If the optional {count} is given, find {count}'s occurrence of
    		{name} in {path} instead of the first one.
    		When {count} is negative return all the matches in a |List|.
    		This is quite similar to the ex-command |:find|.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+file_in_path|
    		feature}

    findfile({name} [, {path} [, {count}]])				*findfile()*
    		Just like |finddir()|, but find a file instead of a directory.
    		Uses 'suffixesadd'.
    		Example:
    			:echo findfile("tags.vim", ".;")
     		Searches from the directory of the current file upwards until
    		it finds the file "tags.vim".

    float2nr({expr})					*float2nr()*
    		Convert {expr} to a Number by omitting the part after the
    		decimal point.
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a Number.
    		When the value of {expr} is out of range for a |Number| the
    		result is truncated to 0x7fffffff or -0x7fffffff (or when
    		64-bit Number support is enabled, 0x7fffffffffffffff or
    		-0x7fffffffffffffff).  NaN results in -0x80000000 (or when
    		64-bit Number support is enabled, -0x8000000000000000).
    		Examples:
    			echo float2nr(3.95)
     			3
    			echo float2nr(-23.45)
     			-23
    			echo float2nr(1.0e100)
     			2147483647  (or 9223372036854775807)
    			echo float2nr(-1.0e150)
     			-2147483647 (or -9223372036854775807)
    			echo float2nr(1.0e-100)
     			0
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    floor({expr})							*floor()*
    		Return the largest integral value less than or equal to
    		{expr} as a |Float| (round down).
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			echo floor(1.856)
     			1.0
    			echo floor(-5.456)
     			-6.0
    			echo floor(4.0)
     			4.0
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    fmod({expr1}, {expr2})					*fmod()*
    		Return the remainder of {expr1} / {expr2}, even if the
    		division is not representable.  Returns {expr1} - i * {expr2}
    		for some integer i such that if {expr2} is non-zero, the
    		result has the same sign as {expr1} and magnitude less than
    		the magnitude of {expr2}.  If {expr2} is zero, the value
    		returned is zero.  The value returned is a |Float|.
    		{expr1} and {expr2} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			:echo fmod(12.33, 1.22)
     			0.13
    			:echo fmod(-12.33, 1.22)
     			-0.13
    		{only available when compiled with |+float| feature}

    fnameescape({string})					*fnameescape()*
    		Escape {string} for use as file name command argument.  All
    		characters that have a special meaning, such as '%' and '|'
    		are escaped with a backslash.
    		For most systems the characters escaped are
    		" \t\n*?[{`$\\%#'\"|!<".  For systems where a backslash
    		appears in a filename, it depends on the value of 'isfname'.
    		A leading '+' and '>' is also escaped (special after |:edit|
    		and |:write|).  And a "-" by itself (special after |:cd|).
    		Example:
    			:let fname = '+some str%nge|name'
    			:exe "edit " . fnameescape(fname)
     		results in executing:
    			edit \+some\ str\%nge\|name

    fnamemodify({fname}, {mods})				*fnamemodify()*
    		Modify file name {fname} according to {mods}.  {mods} is a
    		string of characters like it is used for file names on the
    		command line.  See |filename-modifiers|.
    		Example:
    			:echo fnamemodify("main.c", ":p:h")
     		results in:
    			/home/mool/vim/vim/src
     		Note: Environment variables don't work in {fname}, use
    		|expand()| first then.

    foldclosed({lnum})					*foldclosed()*
    		The result is a Number.  If the line {lnum} is in a closed
    		fold, the result is the number of the first line in that fold.
    		If the line {lnum} is not in a closed fold, -1 is returned.

    foldclosedend({lnum})					*foldclosedend()*
    		The result is a Number.  If the line {lnum} is in a closed
    		fold, the result is the number of the last line in that fold.
    		If the line {lnum} is not in a closed fold, -1 is returned.

    foldlevel({lnum})					*foldlevel()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the foldlevel of line {lnum}
    		in the current buffer.  For nested folds the deepest level is
    		returned.  If there is no fold at line {lnum}, zero is
    		returned.  It doesn't matter if the folds are open or closed.
    		When used while updating folds (from 'foldexpr') -1 is
    		returned for lines where folds are still to be updated and the
    		foldlevel is unknown.  As a special case the level of the
    		previous line is usually available.

    							*foldtext()*
    foldtext()	Returns a String, to be displayed for a closed fold.  This is
    		the default function used for the 'foldtext' option and should
    		only be called from evaluating 'foldtext'.  It uses the
    		|v:foldstart|, |v:foldend| and |v:folddashes| variables.
    		The returned string looks like this:
    			+-- 45 lines: abcdef
     		The number of leading dashes depends on the foldlevel.  The
    		"45" is the number of lines in the fold.  "abcdef" is the text
    		in the first non-blank line of the fold.  Leading white space,
    		"//" or "/*" and the text from the 'foldmarker' and
    		'commentstring' options is removed.
    		When used to draw the actual foldtext, the rest of the line
    		will be filled with the fold char from the 'fillchars'
    		setting.
    		{not available when compiled without the |+folding| feature}

    foldtextresult({lnum})					*foldtextresult()*
    		Returns the text that is displayed for the closed fold at line
    		{lnum}.  Evaluates 'foldtext' in the appropriate context.
    		When there is no closed fold at {lnum} an empty string is
    		returned.
    		{lnum} is used like with |getline()|.  Thus "." is the current
    		line, "'m" mark m, etc.
    		Useful when exporting folded text, e.g., to HTML.
    		{not available when compiled without the |+folding| feature}

    							*foreground()*
    foreground()	Move the Vim window to the foreground.  Useful when sent from
    		a client to a Vim server. |remote_send()|
    		On Win32 systems this might not work, the OS does not always
    		allow a window to bring itself to the foreground.  Use
    		|remote_foreground()| instead.
    		{only in the Win32, Athena, Motif and GTK GUI versions and the
    		Win32 console version}

    						*funcref()*
    funcref({name} [, {arglist}] [, {dict}])
    		Just like |function()|, but the returned Funcref will lookup
    		the function by reference, not by name.  This matters when the
    		function {name} is redefined later.

    		Unlike |function()|, {name} must be an existing user function.
    		Also for autoloaded functions. {name} cannot be a builtin
    		function.

    					*function()* *E700* *E922* *E923*
    function({name} [, {arglist}] [, {dict}])
    		Return a |Funcref| variable that refers to function {name}.
    		{name} can be the name of a user defined function or an
    		internal function.

    		{name} can also be a Funcref or a partial.  When it is a
    		partial the dict stored in it will be used and the {dict}
    		argument is not allowed. E.g.:
    			let FuncWithArg = function(dict.Func, [arg])
    			let Broken = function(dict.Func, [arg], dict)

    		When using the Funcref the function will be found by {name},
    		also when it was redefined later.  Use |funcref()| to keep the
    		same function.

    		When {arglist} or {dict} is present this creates a partial.
    		That means the argument list and/or the dictionary is stored in
    		the Funcref and will be used when the Funcref is called.

    		The arguments are passed to the function in front of other
    		arguments.  Example:
    			func Callback(arg1, arg2, name)
    			...
    			let Func = function('Callback', ['one', 'two'])
    			...
    			call Func('name')
     		Invokes the function as with:
    			call Callback('one', 'two', 'name')

     		The function() call can be nested to add more arguments to the
    		Funcref.  The extra arguments are appended to the list of
    		arguments.  Example:
    			func Callback(arg1, arg2, name)
    			...
    			let Func = function('Callback', ['one'])
    			let Func2 = function(Func, ['two'])
    			...
    			call Func2('name')
     		Invokes the function as with:
    			call Callback('one', 'two', 'name')

     		The Dictionary is only useful when calling a "dict" function.
    		In that case the {dict} is passed in as "self". Example:
    			function Callback() dict
    			   echo "called for " . self.name
    			endfunction
    			...
    			let context = {"name": "example"}
    			let Func = function('Callback', context)
    			...
    			call Func()	" will echo: called for example
     		The use of function() is not needed when there are no extra
    		arguments, these two are equivalent:
    			let Func = function('Callback', context)
    			let Func = context.Callback

     		The argument list and the Dictionary can be combined:
    			function Callback(arg1, count) dict
    			...
    			let context = {"name": "example"}
    			let Func = function('Callback', ['one'], context)
    			...
    			call Func(500)
     		Invokes the function as with:
    			call context.Callback('one', 500)

    garbagecollect([{atexit}])				*garbagecollect()*
    		Cleanup unused |Lists|, |Dictionaries|, |Channels| and |Jobs|
    		that have circular references.

    		There is hardly ever a need to invoke this function, as it is
    		automatically done when Vim runs out of memory or is waiting
    		for the user to press a key after 'updatetime'.  Items without
    		circular references are always freed when they become unused.
    		This is useful if you have deleted a very big |List| and/or
    		|Dictionary| with circular references in a script that runs
    		for a long time.

    		When the optional {atexit} argument is one, garbage
    		collection will also be done when exiting Vim, if it wasn't
    		done before.  This is useful when checking for memory leaks.

    		The garbage collection is not done immediately but only when
    		it's safe to perform.  This is when waiting for the user to
    		type a character.  To force garbage collection immediately use
    		|test_garbagecollect_now()|.

    get({list}, {idx} [, {default}])			*get()*
    		Get item {idx} from |List| {list}.  When this item is not
    		available return {default}.  Return zero when {default} is
    		omitted.
    get({dict}, {key} [, {default}])
    		Get item with key {key} from |Dictionary| {dict}.  When this
    		item is not available return {default}.  Return zero when
    		{default} is omitted.
    get({func}, {what})
    		Get an item with from Funcref {func}.  Possible values for
    		{what} are:
    			"name"	The function name
    			"func"	The function
    			"dict"	The dictionary
    			"args"	The list with arguments

    							*getbufinfo()*
    getbufinfo([{expr}])
    getbufinfo([{dict}])
    		Get information about buffers as a List of Dictionaries.

    		Without an argument information about all the buffers is
    		returned.

    		When the argument is a Dictionary only the buffers matching
    		the specified criteria are returned.  The following keys can
    		be specified in {dict}:
    			buflisted	include only listed buffers.
    			bufloaded	include only loaded buffers.
    			bufmodified	include only modified buffers.

    		Otherwise, {expr} specifies a particular buffer to return
    		information for.  For the use of {expr}, see |bufname()|
    		above.  If the buffer is found the returned List has one item.
    		Otherwise the result is an empty list.

    		Each returned List item is a dictionary with the following
    		entries:
    			bufnr		buffer number.
    			changed		TRUE if the buffer is modified.
    			changedtick	number of changes made to the buffer.
    			hidden		TRUE if the buffer is hidden.
    			listed		TRUE if the buffer is listed.
    			lnum		current line number in buffer.
    			loaded		TRUE if the buffer is loaded.
    			name		full path to the file in the buffer.
    			signs		list of signs placed in the buffer.
    					Each list item is a dictionary with
    					the following fields:
    					    id	  sign identifier
    					    lnum  line number
    					    name  sign name
    			variables	a reference to the dictionary with
    					buffer-local variables.
    			windows		list of |window-ID|s that display this
    					buffer

    		Examples:
    			for buf in getbufinfo()
    			    echo buf.name
    			endfor
    			for buf in getbufinfo({'buflisted':1})
    			    if buf.changed
    				....
    			    endif
    			endfor

    		To get buffer-local options use:
    			getbufvar({bufnr}, '&')

    							*getbufline()*
    getbufline({expr}, {lnum} [, {end}])
    		Return a |List| with the lines starting from {lnum} to {end}
    		(inclusive) in the buffer {expr}.  If {end} is omitted, a
    		|List| with only the line {lnum} is returned.

    		For the use of {expr}, see |bufname()| above.

    		For {lnum} and {end} "$" can be used for the last line of the
    		buffer.  Otherwise a number must be used.

    		When {lnum} is smaller than 1 or bigger than the number of
    		lines in the buffer, an empty |List| is returned.

    		When {end} is greater than the number of lines in the buffer,
    		it is treated as {end} is set to the number of lines in the
    		buffer.  When {end} is before {lnum} an empty |List| is
    		returned.

    		This function works only for loaded buffers.  For unloaded and
    		non-existing buffers, an empty |List| is returned.

    		Example:
    			:let lines = getbufline(bufnr("myfile"), 1, "$")

    getbufvar({expr}, {varname} [, {def}])				*getbufvar()*
    		The result is the value of option or local buffer variable
    		{varname} in buffer {expr}.  Note that the name without "b:"
    		must be used.
    		When {varname} is empty returns a dictionary with all the
    		buffer-local variables.
    		When {varname} is equal to "&" returns a dictionary with all
    		the buffer-local options.
    		Otherwise, when {varname} starts with "&" returns the value of
    		a buffer-local option.
    		This also works for a global or buffer-local option, but it
    		doesn't work for a global variable, window-local variable or
    		window-local option.
    		For the use of {expr}, see |bufname()| above.
    		When the buffer or variable doesn't exist {def} or an empty
    		string is returned, there is no error message.
    		Examples:
    			:let bufmodified = getbufvar(1, "&mod")
    			:echo "todo myvar = " . getbufvar("todo", "myvar")

    getchangelist({expr})					*getchangelist()*
    		Returns the |changelist| for the buffer {expr}. For the use
    		of {expr}, see |bufname()| above. If buffer {expr} doesn't
    		exist, an empty list is returned.

    		The returned list contains two entries: a list with the change
    		locations and the current position in the list.  Each
    		entry in the change list is a dictionary with the following
    		entries:
    			col		column number
    			coladd		column offset for 'virtualedit'
    			lnum		line number
    		If buffer {expr} is the current buffer, then the current
    		position refers to the position in the list. For other
    		buffers, it is set to the length of the list.

    getchar([expr])						*getchar()*
    		Get a single character from the user or input stream.
    		If [expr] is omitted, wait until a character is available.
    		If [expr] is 0, only get a character when one is available.
    			Return zero otherwise.
    		If [expr] is 1, only check if a character is available, it is
    			not consumed.  Return zero if no character available.

    		Without [expr] and when [expr] is 0 a whole character or
    		special key is returned.  If it is a single character, the
    		result is a number.  Use nr2char() to convert it to a String.
    		Otherwise a String is returned with the encoded character.
    		For a special key it's a String with a sequence of bytes
    		starting with 0x80 (decimal: 128).  This is the same value as
    		the String "\<Key>", e.g., "\<Left>".  The returned value is
    		also a String when a modifier (shift, control, alt) was used
    		that is not included in the character.

    		When [expr] is 0 and Esc is typed, there will be a short delay
    		while Vim waits to see if this is the start of an escape
    		sequence.

    		When [expr] is 1 only the first byte is returned.  For a
    		one-byte character it is the character itself as a number.
    		Use nr2char() to convert it to a String.

    		Use getcharmod() to obtain any additional modifiers.

    		When the user clicks a mouse button, the mouse event will be
    		returned.  The position can then be found in |v:mouse_col|,
    		|v:mouse_lnum|, |v:mouse_winid| and |v:mouse_win|.  This
    		example positions the mouse as it would normally happen:
    			let c = getchar()
    			if c == "\<LeftMouse>" && v:mouse_win > 0
    			  exe v:mouse_win . "wincmd w"
    			  exe v:mouse_lnum
    			  exe "normal " . v:mouse_col . "|"
    			endif

    		When using bracketed paste only the first character is
    		returned, the rest of the pasted text is dropped.
    		|xterm-bracketed-paste|.

    		There is no prompt, you will somehow have to make clear to the
    		user that a character has to be typed.
    		There is no mapping for the character.
    		Key codes are replaced, thus when the user presses the <Del>
    		key you get the code for the <Del> key, not the raw character
    		sequence.  Examples:
    			getchar() == "\<Del>"
    			getchar() == "\<S-Left>"
     		This example redefines "f" to ignore case:
    			:nmap f :call FindChar()<CR>
    			:function FindChar()
    			:  let c = nr2char(getchar())
    			:  while col('.') < col('$') - 1
    			:    normal l
    			:    if getline('.')[col('.') - 1] ==? c
    			:      break
    			:    endif
    			:  endwhile
    			:endfunction

    		You may also receive synthetic characters, such as
    		|<CursorHold>|. Often you will want to ignore this and get
    		another character:
    			:function GetKey()
    			:  let c = getchar()
    			:  while c == "\<CursorHold>"
    			:    let c = getchar()
    			:  endwhile
    			:  return c
    			:endfunction

    getcharmod()						*getcharmod()*
    		The result is a Number which is the state of the modifiers for
    		the last obtained character with getchar() or in another way.
    		These values are added together:
    			2	shift
    			4	control
    			8	alt (meta)
    			16	meta (when it's different from ALT)
    			32	mouse double click
    			64	mouse triple click
    			96	mouse quadruple click (== 32 + 64)
    			128	command (Macintosh only)
    		Only the modifiers that have not been included in the
    		character itself are obtained.  Thus Shift-a results in "A"
    		without a modifier.

    getcharsearch()						*getcharsearch()*
    		Return the current character search information as a {dict}
    		with the following entries:

    		    char	character previously used for a character
    				search (|t|, |f|, |T|, or |F|); empty string
    				if no character search has been performed
    		    forward	direction of character search; 1 for forward,
    				0 for backward
    		    until	type of character search; 1 for a |t| or |T|
    				character search, 0 for an |f| or |F|
    				character search

    		This can be useful to always have |;| and |,| search
    		forward/backward regardless of the direction of the previous
    		character search:
    			:nnoremap <expr> ; getcharsearch().forward ? ';' : ','
    			:nnoremap <expr> , getcharsearch().forward ? ',' : ';'
     		Also see |setcharsearch()|.

    getcmdline()						*getcmdline()*
    		Return the current command-line.  Only works when the command
    		line is being edited, thus requires use of |c_CTRL-\_e| or
    		|c_CTRL-R_=|.
    		Example:
    			:cmap <F7> <C-\>eescape(getcmdline(), ' \')<CR>
     		Also see |getcmdtype()|, |getcmdpos()| and |setcmdpos()|.

    getcmdpos()						*getcmdpos()*
    		Return the position of the cursor in the command line as a
    		byte count.  The first column is 1.
    		Only works when editing the command line, thus requires use of
    		|c_CTRL-\_e| or |c_CTRL-R_=| or an expression mapping.
    		Returns 0 otherwise.
    		Also see |getcmdtype()|, |setcmdpos()| and |getcmdline()|.

    getcmdtype()						*getcmdtype()*
    		Return the current command-line type. Possible return values
    		are:
    		    :	normal Ex command
    		    >	debug mode command |debug-mode|
    		    /	forward search command
    		    ?	backward search command
    		    @	|input()| command
    		    -	|:insert| or |:append| command
    		    =	|i_CTRL-R_=|
    		Only works when editing the command line, thus requires use of
    		|c_CTRL-\_e| or |c_CTRL-R_=| or an expression mapping.
    		Returns an empty string otherwise.
    		Also see |getcmdpos()|, |setcmdpos()| and |getcmdline()|.

    getcmdwintype()						*getcmdwintype()*
    		Return the current |command-line-window| type. Possible return
    		values are the same as |getcmdtype()|. Returns an empty string
    		when not in the command-line window.

    getcompletion({pat}, {type} [, {filtered}])		*getcompletion()*
    		Return a list of command-line completion matches. {type}
    		specifies what for.  The following completion types are
    		supported:

    		arglist		file names in argument list
    		augroup		autocmd groups
    		buffer		buffer names
    		behave		:behave suboptions
    		color		color schemes
    		command		Ex command (and arguments)
    		compiler	compilers
    		cscope		|:cscope| suboptions
    		dir		directory names
    		environment	environment variable names
    		event		autocommand events
    		expression	Vim expression
    		file		file and directory names
    		file_in_path	file and directory names in |'path'|
    		filetype	filetype names |'filetype'|
    		function	function name
    		help		help subjects
    		highlight	highlight groups
    		history		:history suboptions
    		locale		locale names (as output of locale -a)
    		mapclear        buffer argument
    		mapping		mapping name
    		menu		menus
    		messages	|:messages| suboptions
    		option		options
    		packadd		optional package |pack-add| names
    		shellcmd	Shell command
    		sign		|:sign| suboptions
    		syntax		syntax file names |'syntax'|
    		syntime		|:syntime| suboptions
    		tag		tags
    		tag_listfiles	tags, file names
    		user		user names
    		var		user variables

    		If {pat} is an empty string, then all the matches are returned.
    		Otherwise only items matching {pat} are returned. See
    		|wildcards| for the use of special characters in {pat}.

    		If the optional {filtered} flag is set to 1, then 'wildignore'
    		is applied to filter the results.  Otherwise all the matches
    		are returned. The 'wildignorecase' option always applies.

    		If there are no matches, an empty list is returned.  An
    		invalid value for {type} produces an error.

    							*getcurpos()*
    getcurpos()	Get the position of the cursor.  This is like getpos('.'), but
    		includes an extra item in the list:
    		    [bufnum, lnum, col, off, curswant]
    		The "curswant" number is the preferred column when moving the
    		cursor vertically.  Also see |getpos()|.

    		This can be used to save and restore the cursor position:
    			let save_cursor = getcurpos()
    			MoveTheCursorAround
    			call setpos('.', save_cursor)
     		Note that this only works within the window.  See
    		|winrestview()| for restoring more state.

    							*getcwd()*
    getcwd([{winnr} [, {tabnr}]])
    		The result is a String, which is the name of the current
    		working directory.
    		Without arguments, for the current window.

    		With {winnr} return the local current directory of this window
    		in the current tab page.  {winnr} can be the window number or
    		the |window-ID|.
    		If {winnr} is -1 return the name of the global working
    		directory.  See also |haslocaldir()|.

    		With {winnr} and {tabnr} return the local current directory of
    		the window in the specified tab page.
    		Return an empty string if the arguments are invalid.

    getfsize({fname})					*getfsize()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the size in bytes of the
    		given file {fname}.
    		If {fname} is a directory, 0 is returned.
    		If the file {fname} can't be found, -1 is returned.
    		If the size of {fname} is too big to fit in a Number then -2
    		is returned.

    getfontname([{name}])					*getfontname()*
    		Without an argument returns the name of the normal font being
    		used.  Like what is used for the Normal highlight group
    		|hl-Normal|.
    		With an argument a check is done whether {name} is a valid
    		font name.  If not then an empty string is returned.
    		Otherwise the actual font name is returned, or {name} if the
    		GUI does not support obtaining the real name.
    		Only works when the GUI is running, thus not in your vimrc or
    		gvimrc file.  Use the |GUIEnter| autocommand to use this
    		function just after the GUI has started.
    		Note that the GTK GUI accepts any font name, thus checking for
    		a valid name does not work.

    getfperm({fname})					*getfperm()*
    		The result is a String, which is the read, write, and execute
    		permissions of the given file {fname}.
    		If {fname} does not exist or its directory cannot be read, an
    		empty string is returned.
    		The result is of the form "rwxrwxrwx", where each group of
    		"rwx" flags represent, in turn, the permissions of the owner
    		of the file, the group the file belongs to, and other users.
    		If a user does not have a given permission the flag for this
    		is replaced with the string "-".  Examples:
    			:echo getfperm("/etc/passwd")
    			:echo getfperm(expand("~/.vimrc"))
     		This will hopefully (from a security point of view) display
    		the string "rw-r--r--" or even "rw-------".

    		For setting permissions use |setfperm()|.

    getftime({fname})					*getftime()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the last modification time of
    		the given file {fname}.  The value is measured as seconds
    		since 1st Jan 1970, and may be passed to strftime().  See also
    		|localtime()| and |strftime()|.
    		If the file {fname} can't be found -1 is returned.

    getftype({fname})					*getftype()*
    		The result is a String, which is a description of the kind of
    		file of the given file {fname}.
    		If {fname} does not exist an empty string is returned.
    		Here is a table over different kinds of files and their
    		results:
    			Normal file		"file"
    			Directory		"dir"
    			Symbolic link		"link"
    			Block device		"bdev"
    			Character device	"cdev"
    			Socket			"socket"
    			FIFO			"fifo"
    			All other		"other"
    		Example:
    			getftype("/home")
     		Note that a type such as "link" will only be returned on
    		systems that support it.  On some systems only "dir" and
    		"file" are returned.  On MS-Windows a symbolic link to a
    		directory returns "dir" instead of "link".

    getjumplist([{winnr} [, {tabnr}]])			*getjumplist()*
    		Returns the |jumplist| for the specified window.

    		Without arguments use the current window.
    		With {winnr} only use this window in the current tab page.
    		{winnr} can also be a |window-ID|.
    		With {winnr} and {tabnr} use the window in the specified tab
    		page.

    		The returned list contains two entries: a list with the jump
    		locations and the last used jump position number in the list.
    		Each entry in the jump location list is a dictionary with
    		the following entries:
    			bufnr		buffer number
    			col		column number
    			coladd		column offset for 'virtualedit'
    			filename	filename if available
    			lnum		line number

    							*getline()*
    getline({lnum} [, {end}])
    		Without {end} the result is a String, which is line {lnum}
    		from the current buffer.  Example:
    			getline(1)
     		When {lnum} is a String that doesn't start with a
    		digit, line() is called to translate the String into a Number.
    		To get the line under the cursor:
    			getline(".")
     		When {lnum} is smaller than 1 or bigger than the number of
    		lines in the buffer, an empty string is returned.

    		When {end} is given the result is a |List| where each item is
    		a line from the current buffer in the range {lnum} to {end},
    		including line {end}.
    		{end} is used in the same way as {lnum}.
    		Non-existing lines are silently omitted.
    		When {end} is before {lnum} an empty |List| is returned.
    		Example:
    			:let start = line('.')
    			:let end = search("^$") - 1
    			:let lines = getline(start, end)

     		To get lines from another buffer see |getbufline()|

    getloclist({nr} [, {what}])				*getloclist()*
    		Returns a list with all the entries in the location list for
    		window {nr}.  {nr} can be the window number or the |window-ID|.
    		When {nr} is zero the current window is used.

    		For a location list window, the displayed location list is
    		returned.  For an invalid window number {nr}, an empty list is
    		returned. Otherwise, same as |getqflist()|.

    		If the optional {what} dictionary argument is supplied, then
    		returns the items listed in {what} as a dictionary. Refer to
    		|getqflist()| for the supported items in {what}.

    getmatches()						*getmatches()*
    		Returns a |List| with all matches previously defined by
    		|matchadd()| and the |:match| commands.  |getmatches()| is
    		useful in combination with |setmatches()|, as |setmatches()|
    		can restore a list of matches saved by |getmatches()|.
    		Example:
    			:echo getmatches()
     			[{'group': 'MyGroup1', 'pattern': 'TODO',
    			'priority': 10, 'id': 1}, {'group': 'MyGroup2',
    			'pattern': 'FIXME', 'priority': 10, 'id': 2}]
    			:let m = getmatches()
    			:call clearmatches()
    			:echo getmatches()
     			[]
    			:call setmatches(m)
    			:echo getmatches()
     			[{'group': 'MyGroup1', 'pattern': 'TODO',
    			'priority': 10, 'id': 1}, {'group': 'MyGroup2',
    			'pattern': 'FIXME', 'priority': 10, 'id': 2}]
    			:unlet m

    							*getpid()*
    getpid()	Return a Number which is the process ID of the Vim process.
    		On Unix and MS-Windows this is a unique number, until Vim
    		exits.  On MS-DOS it's always zero.

    							*getpos()*
    getpos({expr})	Get the position for {expr}.  For possible values of {expr}
    		see |line()|.  For getting the cursor position see
    		|getcurpos()|.
    		The result is a |List| with four numbers:
    		    [bufnum, lnum, col, off]
    		"bufnum" is zero, unless a mark like '0 or 'A is used, then it
    		is the buffer number of the mark.
    		"lnum" and "col" are the position in the buffer.  The first
    		column is 1.
    		The "off" number is zero, unless 'virtualedit' is used.  Then
    		it is the offset in screen columns from the start of the
    		character.  E.g., a position within a <Tab> or after the last
    		character.
    		Note that for '< and '> Visual mode matters: when it is "V"
    		(visual line mode) the column of '< is zero and the column of
    		'> is a large number.
    		This can be used to save and restore the position of a mark:
    			let save_a_mark = getpos("'a")
    			...
    			call setpos("'a", save_a_mark)
     		Also see |getcurpos()| and |setpos()|.

    getqflist([{what}])					*getqflist()*
    		Returns a list with all the current quickfix errors.  Each
    		list item is a dictionary with these entries:
    			bufnr	number of buffer that has the file name, use
    				bufname() to get the name
    			module	module name
    			lnum	line number in the buffer (first line is 1)
    			col	column number (first column is 1)
    			vcol	|TRUE|: "col" is visual column
    				|FALSE|: "col" is byte index
    			nr	error number
    			pattern	search pattern used to locate the error
    			text	description of the error
    			type	type of the error, 'E', '1', etc.
    			valid	|TRUE|: recognized error message

    		When there is no error list or it's empty, an empty list is
    		returned. Quickfix list entries with non-existing buffer
    		number are returned with "bufnr" set to zero.

    		Useful application: Find pattern matches in multiple files and
    		do something with them:
    			:vimgrep /theword/jg *.c
    			:for d in getqflist()
    			:   echo bufname(d.bufnr) ':' d.lnum '=' d.text
    			:endfor

    		If the optional {what} dictionary argument is supplied, then
    		returns only the items listed in {what} as a dictionary. The
    		following string items are supported in {what}:
    			changedtick	get the total number of changes made
    					to the list |quickfix-changedtick|
    			context	get the |quickfix-context|
    			efm	errorformat to use when parsing "lines". If
    				not present, then the 'errorformat' option
    				value is used.
    			id	get information for the quickfix list with
    				|quickfix-ID|; zero means the id for the
    				current list or the list specified by "nr"
    			idx	index of the current entry in the list
    			items	quickfix list entries
    			lines	parse a list of lines using 'efm' and return
    				the resulting entries.  Only a |List| type is
    				accepted.  The current quickfix list is not
    				modified. See |quickfix-parse|.
    			nr	get information for this quickfix list; zero
    				means the current quickfix list and "$" means
    				the last quickfix list
    			size	number of entries in the quickfix list
    			title	get the list title |quickfix-title|
    			winid	get the quickfix |window-ID|
    			all	all of the above quickfix properties
    		Non-string items in {what} are ignored. To get the value of a
    		particular item, set it to zero.
    		If "nr" is not present then the current quickfix list is used.
    		If both "nr" and a non-zero "id" are specified, then the list
    		specified by "id" is used.
    		To get the number of lists in the quickfix stack, set "nr" to
    		"$" in {what}. The "nr" value in the returned dictionary
    		contains the quickfix stack size.
    		When "lines" is specified, all the other items except "efm"
    		are ignored.  The returned dictionary contains the entry
    		"items" with the list of entries.

    		The returned dictionary contains the following entries:
    			changedtick	total number of changes made to the
    					list |quickfix-changedtick|
    			context	quickfix list context. See |quickfix-context|
    				If not present, set to "".
    			id	quickfix list ID |quickfix-ID|. If not
    				present, set to 0.
    			idx	index of the current entry in the list. If not
    				present, set to 0.
    			items	quickfix list entries. If not present, set to
    				an empty list.
    			nr	quickfix list number. If not present, set to 0
    			size	number of entries in the quickfix list. If not
    				present, set to 0.
    			title	quickfix list title text. If not present, set
    				to "".
    			winid	quickfix |window-ID|. If not present, set to 0

    		Examples (See also |getqflist-examples|):
    			:echo getqflist({'all': 1})
    			:echo getqflist({'nr': 2, 'title': 1})
    			:echo getqflist({'lines' : ["F1:10:L10"]})

    getreg([{regname} [, 1 [, {list}]]])			*getreg()*
    		The result is a String, which is the contents of register
    		{regname}.  Example:
    			:let cliptext = getreg('*')
     		When {regname} was not set the result is an empty string.

    		getreg('=') returns the last evaluated value of the expression
    		register.  (For use in maps.)
    		getreg('=', 1) returns the expression itself, so that it can
    		be restored with |setreg()|.  For other registers the extra
    		argument is ignored, thus you can always give it.

    		If {list} is present and |TRUE|, the result type is changed
    		to |List|. Each list item is one text line. Use it if you care
    		about zero bytes possibly present inside register: without
    		third argument both NLs and zero bytes are represented as NLs
    		(see |NL-used-for-Nul|).
    		When the register was not set an empty list is returned.

    		If {regname} is not specified, |v:register| is used.

    getregtype([{regname}])					*getregtype()*
    		The result is a String, which is type of register {regname}.
    		The value will be one of:
    		    "v"			for |characterwise| text
    		    "V"			for |linewise| text
    		    "<CTRL-V>{width}"	for |blockwise-visual| text
    		    ""			for an empty or unknown register
    		<CTRL-V> is one character with value 0x16.
    		If {regname} is not specified, |v:register| is used.

    gettabinfo([{arg}])					*gettabinfo()*
    		If {arg} is not specified, then information about all the tab
    		pages is returned as a List. Each List item is a Dictionary.
    		Otherwise, {arg} specifies the tab page number and information
    		about that one is returned.  If the tab page does not exist an
    		empty List is returned.

    		Each List item is a Dictionary with the following entries:
    			tabnr		tab page number.
    			variables	a reference to the dictionary with
    					tabpage-local variables
    			windows		List of |window-ID|s in the tag page.

    gettabvar({tabnr}, {varname} [, {def}])				*gettabvar()*
    		Get the value of a tab-local variable {varname} in tab page
    		{tabnr}. |t:var|
    		Tabs are numbered starting with one.
    		When {varname} is empty a dictionary with all tab-local
    		variables is returned.
    		Note that the name without "t:" must be used.
    		When the tab or variable doesn't exist {def} or an empty
    		string is returned, there is no error message.

    gettabwinvar({tabnr}, {winnr}, {varname} [, {def}])		*gettabwinvar()*
    		Get the value of window-local variable {varname} in window
    		{winnr} in tab page {tabnr}.
    		When {varname} is empty a dictionary with all window-local
    		variables is returned.
    		When {varname} is equal to "&" get the values of all
    		window-local options in a Dictionary.
    		Otherwise, when {varname} starts with "&" get the value of a
    		window-local option.
    		Note that {varname} must be the name without "w:".
    		Tabs are numbered starting with one.  For the current tabpage
    		use |getwinvar()|.
    		{winnr} can be the window number or the |window-ID|.
    		When {winnr} is zero the current window is used.
    		This also works for a global option, buffer-local option and
    		window-local option, but it doesn't work for a global variable
    		or buffer-local variable.
    		When the tab, window or variable doesn't exist {def} or an
    		empty string is returned, there is no error message.
    		Examples:
    			:let list_is_on = gettabwinvar(1, 2, '&list')
    			:echo "myvar = " . gettabwinvar(3, 1, 'myvar')

    getwinpos([{timeout}])					*getwinpos()*
    		The result is a list with two numbers, the result of
    		getwinposx() and getwinposy() combined:
    			[x-pos, y-pos]
    		{timeout} can be used to specify how long to wait in msec for
    		a response from the terminal.  When omitted 100 msec is used.
    		Use a longer time for a remote terminal.
    		When using a value less than 10 and no response is received
    		within that time, a previously reported position is returned,
    		if available.  This can be used to poll for the position and
    		do some work in the mean time:
    			while 1
    			  let res = getwinpos(1)
    			  if res[0] >= 0
    			    break
    			  endif
    			  " Do some work here
    			endwhile

    							*getwinposx()*
    getwinposx()	The result is a Number, which is the X coordinate in pixels of
    		the left hand side of the GUI Vim window. Also works for an
    		xterm (uses a timeout of 100 msec).
    		The result will be -1 if the information is not available.
    		The value can be used with `:winpos`.

    							*getwinposy()*
    getwinposy()	The result is a Number, which is the Y coordinate in pixels of
    		the top of the GUI Vim window.  Also works for an xterm (uses
    		a timeout of 100 msec).
    		The result will be -1 if the information is not available.
    		The value can be used with `:winpos`.

    getwininfo([{winid}])					*getwininfo()*
    		Returns information about windows as a List with Dictionaries.

    		If {winid} is given Information about the window with that ID
    		is returned.  If the window does not exist the result is an
    		empty list.

    		Without {winid} information about all the windows in all the
    		tab pages is returned.

    		Each List item is a Dictionary with the following entries:
    			bufnr		number of buffer in the window
    			height		window height (excluding winbar)
    			winbar		1 if the window has a toolbar, 0
    					otherwise
    			loclist		1 if showing a location list
    					{only with the +quickfix feature}
    			quickfix	1 if quickfix or location list window
    					{only with the +quickfix feature}
    			terminal	1 if a terminal window
    					{only with the +terminal feature}
    			tabnr		tab page number
    			variables	a reference to the dictionary with
    					window-local variables
    			width		window width
    			winid		|window-ID|
    			winnr		window number

    		To obtain all window-local variables use:
    			gettabwinvar({tabnr}, {winnr}, '&')

    getwinvar({winnr}, {varname} [, {def}])				*getwinvar()*
    		Like |gettabwinvar()| for the current tabpage.
    		Examples:
    			:let list_is_on = getwinvar(2, '&list')
    			:echo "myvar = " . getwinvar(1, 'myvar')

    glob({expr} [, {nosuf} [, {list} [, {alllinks}]]])		*glob()*
    		Expand the file wildcards in {expr}.  See |wildcards| for the
    		use of special characters.

    		Unless the optional {nosuf} argument is given and is |TRUE|,
    		the 'suffixes' and 'wildignore' options apply: Names matching
    		one of the patterns in 'wildignore' will be skipped and
    		'suffixes' affect the ordering of matches.
    		'wildignorecase' always applies.

    		When {list} is present and it is |TRUE| the result is a List
    		with all matching files. The advantage of using a List is,
    		you also get filenames containing newlines correctly.
    		Otherwise the result is a String and when there are several
    		matches, they are separated by <NL> characters.

    		If the expansion fails, the result is an empty String or List.

    		A name for a non-existing file is not included.  A symbolic
    		link is only included if it points to an existing file.
    		However, when the {alllinks} argument is present and it is
    		|TRUE| then all symbolic links are included.

    		For most systems backticks can be used to get files names from
    		any external command.  Example:
    			:let tagfiles = glob("`find . -name tags -print`")
    			:let &tags = substitute(tagfiles, "\n", ",", "g")
     		The result of the program inside the backticks should be one
    		item per line.  Spaces inside an item are allowed.

    		See |expand()| for expanding special Vim variables.  See
    		|system()| for getting the raw output of an external command.

    glob2regpat({expr})					 *glob2regpat()*
    		Convert a file pattern, as used by glob(), into a search
    		pattern.  The result can be used to match with a string that
    		is a file name.  E.g.
    			if filename =~ glob2regpat('Make*.mak')
     		This is equivalent to:
    			if filename =~ '^Make.*\.mak$'
     		When {expr} is an empty string the result is "^$", match an
    		empty string.
    		Note that the result depends on the system.  On MS-Windows
    		a backslash usually means a path separator.

    								*globpath()*
    globpath({path}, {expr} [, {nosuf} [, {list} [, {alllinks}]]])
    		Perform glob() on all directories in {path} and concatenate
    		the results.  Example:
    			:echo globpath(&rtp, "syntax/c.vim")

    		{path} is a comma-separated list of directory names.  Each
    		directory name is prepended to {expr} and expanded like with
    		|glob()|.  A path separator is inserted when needed.
    		To add a comma inside a directory name escape it with a
    		backslash.  Note that on MS-Windows a directory may have a
    		trailing backslash, remove it if you put a comma after it.
    		If the expansion fails for one of the directories, there is no
    		error message.

    		Unless the optional {nosuf} argument is given and is |TRUE|,
    		the 'suffixes' and 'wildignore' options apply: Names matching
    		one of the patterns in 'wildignore' will be skipped and
    		'suffixes' affect the ordering of matches.

    		When {list} is present and it is |TRUE| the result is a List
    		with all matching files. The advantage of using a List is, you
    		also get filenames containing newlines correctly. Otherwise
    		the result is a String and when there are several matches,
    		they are separated by <NL> characters.  Example:
    			:echo globpath(&rtp, "syntax/c.vim", 0, 1)

    		{alllinks} is used as with |glob()|.

    		The "**" item can be used to search in a directory tree.
    		For example, to find all "README.txt" files in the directories
    		in 'runtimepath' and below:
    			:echo globpath(&rtp, "**/README.txt")
     		Upwards search and limiting the depth of "**" is not
    		supported, thus using 'path' will not always work properly.

    							*has()*
    has({feature})	The result is a Number, which is 1 if the feature {feature} is
    		supported, zero otherwise.  The {feature} argument is a
    		string.  See |feature-list| below.
    		Also see |exists()|.

    has_key({dict}, {key})					*has_key()*
    		The result is a Number, which is 1 if |Dictionary| {dict} has
    		an entry with key {key}.  Zero otherwise.

    haslocaldir([{winnr} [, {tabnr}]])			*haslocaldir()*
    		The result is a Number, which is 1 when the window has set a
    		local path via |:lcd|, and 0 otherwise.

    		Without arguments use the current window.
    		With {winnr} use this window in the current tab page.
    		With {winnr} and {tabnr} use the window in the specified tab
    		page.
    		{winnr} can be the window number or the |window-ID|.
    		Return 0 if the arguments are invalid.

    hasmapto({what} [, {mode} [, {abbr}]])			*hasmapto()*
    		The result is a Number, which is 1 if there is a mapping that
    		contains {what} in somewhere in the rhs (what it is mapped to)
    		and this mapping exists in one of the modes indicated by
    		{mode}.
    		When {abbr} is there and it is |TRUE| use abbreviations
    		instead of mappings.  Don't forget to specify Insert and/or
    		Command-line mode.
    		Both the global mappings and the mappings local to the current
    		buffer are checked for a match.
    		If no matching mapping is found 0 is returned.
    		The following characters are recognized in {mode}:
    			n	Normal mode
    			v	Visual mode
    			o	Operator-pending mode
    			i	Insert mode
    			l	Language-Argument ("r", "f", "t", etc.)
    			c	Command-line mode
    		When {mode} is omitted, "nvo" is used.

    		This function is useful to check if a mapping already exists
    		to a function in a Vim script.  Example:
    			:if !hasmapto('\ABCdoit')
    			:   map <Leader>d \ABCdoit
    			:endif
     		This installs the mapping to "\ABCdoit" only if there isn't
    		already a mapping to "\ABCdoit".

    histadd({history}, {item})				*histadd()*
    		Add the String {item} to the history {history} which can be

    		one of:					*hist-names*
    			"cmd"	 or ":"	  command line history
    			"search" or "/"   search pattern history
    			"expr"	 or "="   typed expression history
    			"input"  or "@"	  input line history
    			"debug"  or ">"   debug command history
    			empty		  the current or last used history
    		The {history} string does not need to be the whole name, one
    		character is sufficient.
    		If {item} does already exist in the history, it will be
    		shifted to become the newest entry.
    		The result is a Number: 1 if the operation was successful,
    		otherwise 0 is returned.

    		Example:
    			:call histadd("input", strftime("%Y %b %d"))
    			:let date=input("Enter date: ")
     		This function is not available in the |sandbox|.

    histdel({history} [, {item}])				*histdel()*
    		Clear {history}, i.e. delete all its entries.  See |hist-names|
    		for the possible values of {history}.

    		If the parameter {item} evaluates to a String, it is used as a
    		regular expression.  All entries matching that expression will
    		be removed from the history (if there are any).
    		Upper/lowercase must match, unless "\c" is used |/\c|.
    		If {item} evaluates to a Number, it will be interpreted as
    		an index, see |:history-indexing|.  The respective entry will
    		be removed if it exists.

    		The result is a Number: 1 for a successful operation,
    		otherwise 0 is returned.

    		Examples:
    		Clear expression register history:
    			:call histdel("expr")

    		Remove all entries starting with "*" from the search history:
    			:call histdel("/", '^\*')

    		The following three are equivalent:
    			:call histdel("search", histnr("search"))
    			:call histdel("search", -1)
    			:call histdel("search", '^'.histget("search", -1).'$')

    		To delete the last search pattern and use the last-but-one for
    		the "n" command and 'hlsearch':
    			:call histdel("search", -1)
    			:let @/ = histget("search", -1)

    histget({history} [, {index}])				*histget()*
    		The result is a String, the entry with Number {index} from
    		{history}.  See |hist-names| for the possible values of
    		{history}, and |:history-indexing| for {index}.  If there is
    		no such entry, an empty String is returned.  When {index} is
    		omitted, the most recent item from the history is used.

    		Examples:
    		Redo the second last search from history.
    			:execute '/' . histget("search", -2)

     		Define an Ex command ":H {num}" that supports re-execution of
    		the {num}th entry from the output of |:history|.
    			:command -nargs=1 H execute histget("cmd", 0+<args>)

    histnr({history})					*histnr()*
    		The result is the Number of the current entry in {history}.
    		See |hist-names| for the possible values of {history}.
    		If an error occurred, -1 is returned.

    		Example:
    			:let inp_index = histnr("expr")

    hlexists({name})					*hlexists()*
    		The result is a Number, which is non-zero if a highlight group
    		called {name} exists.  This is when the group has been
    		defined in some way.  Not necessarily when highlighting has
    		been defined for it, it may also have been used for a syntax
    		item.

    							*highlight_exists()*
    		Obsolete name: highlight_exists().

    							*hlID()*
    hlID({name})	The result is a Number, which is the ID of the highlight group
    		with name {name}.  When the highlight group doesn't exist,
    		zero is returned.
    		This can be used to retrieve information about the highlight
    		group.  For example, to get the background color of the
    		"Comment" group:
    	:echo synIDattr(synIDtrans(hlID("Comment")), "bg")

     							*highlightID()*
    		Obsolete name: highlightID().

    hostname()						*hostname()*
    		The result is a String, which is the name of the machine on
    		which Vim is currently running.  Machine names greater than
    		256 characters long are truncated.

    iconv({expr}, {from}, {to})				*iconv()*
    		The result is a String, which is the text {expr} converted
    		from encoding {from} to encoding {to}.
    		When the conversion completely fails an empty string is
    		returned.  When some characters could not be converted they
    		are replaced with "?".
    		The encoding names are whatever the iconv() library function
    		can accept, see ":!man 3 iconv".
    		Most conversions require Vim to be compiled with the |+iconv|
    		feature.  Otherwise only UTF-8 to latin1 conversion and back
    		can be done.
    		This can be used to display messages with special characters,
    		no matter what 'encoding' is set to.  Write the message in
    		UTF-8 and use:
    			echo iconv(utf8_str, "utf-8", &enc)
     		Note that Vim uses UTF-8 for all Unicode encodings, conversion
    		from/to UCS-2 is automatically changed to use UTF-8.  You
    		cannot use UCS-2 in a string anyway, because of the NUL bytes.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+multi_byte| feature}

    							*indent()*
    indent({lnum})	The result is a Number, which is indent of line {lnum} in the
    		current buffer.  The indent is counted in spaces, the value
    		of 'tabstop' is relevant.  {lnum} is used just like in
    		|getline()|.
    		When {lnum} is invalid -1 is returned.

    index({list}, {expr} [, {start} [, {ic}]])			*index()*
    		Return the lowest index in |List| {list} where the item has a
    		value equal to {expr}.  There is no automatic conversion, so
    		the String "4" is different from the Number 4.  And the number
    		4 is different from the Float 4.0.  The value of 'ignorecase'
    		is not used here, case always matters.
    		If {start} is given then start looking at the item with index
    		{start} (may be negative for an item relative to the end).
    		When {ic} is given and it is |TRUE|, ignore case.  Otherwise
    		case must match.
    		-1 is returned when {expr} is not found in {list}.
    		Example:
    			:let idx = index(words, "the")
    			:if index(numbers, 123) >= 0

    input({prompt} [, {text} [, {completion}]])		*input()*
    		The result is a String, which is whatever the user typed on
    		the command-line.  The {prompt} argument is either a prompt
    		string, or a blank string (for no prompt).  A '\n' can be used
    		in the prompt to start a new line.
    		The highlighting set with |:echohl| is used for the prompt.
    		The input is entered just like a command-line, with the same
    		editing commands and mappings.  There is a separate history
    		for lines typed for input().
    		Example:
    			:if input("Coffee or beer? ") == "beer"
    			:  echo "Cheers!"
    			:endif

    		If the optional {text} argument is present and not empty, this
    		is used for the default reply, as if the user typed this.
    		Example:
    			:let color = input("Color? ", "white")

     		The optional {completion} argument specifies the type of
    		completion supported for the input.  Without it completion is
    		not performed.  The supported completion types are the same as
    		that can be supplied to a user-defined command using the
    		"-complete=" argument.  Refer to |:command-completion| for
    		more information.  Example:
    			let fname = input("File: ", "", "file")

    		NOTE: This function must not be used in a startup file, for
    		the versions that only run in GUI mode (e.g., the Win32 GUI).
    		Note: When input() is called from within a mapping it will
    		consume remaining characters from that mapping, because a
    		mapping is handled like the characters were typed.
    		Use |inputsave()| before input() and |inputrestore()|
    		after input() to avoid that.  Another solution is to avoid
    		that further characters follow in the mapping, e.g., by using
    		|:execute| or |:normal|.

    		Example with a mapping:
    			:nmap \x :call GetFoo()<CR>:exe "/" . Foo<CR>
    			:function GetFoo()
    			:  call inputsave()
    			:  let g:Foo = input("enter search pattern: ")
    			:  call inputrestore()
    			:endfunction

    inputdialog({prompt} [, {text} [, {cancelreturn}]])		*inputdialog()*
    		Like |input()|, but when the GUI is running and text dialogs
    		are supported, a dialog window pops up to input the text.
    		Example:
    		   :let n = inputdialog("value for shiftwidth", shiftwidth())
    		   :if n != ""
    		   :  let &sw = n
    		   :endif
     		When the dialog is cancelled {cancelreturn} is returned.  When
    		omitted an empty string is returned.
    		Hitting <Enter> works like pressing the OK button.  Hitting
    		<Esc> works like pressing the Cancel button.
    		NOTE: Command-line completion is not supported.

    inputlist({textlist})					*inputlist()*
    		{textlist} must be a |List| of strings.  This |List| is
    		displayed, one string per line.  The user will be prompted to
    		enter a number, which is returned.
    		The user can also select an item by clicking on it with the
    		mouse.  For the first string 0 is returned.  When clicking
    		above the first item a negative number is returned.  When
    		clicking on the prompt one more than the length of {textlist}
    		is returned.
    		Make sure {textlist} has less than 'lines' entries, otherwise
    		it won't work.  It's a good idea to put the entry number at
    		the start of the string.  And put a prompt in the first item.
    		Example:
    			let color = inputlist(['Select color:', '1. red',
    				\ '2. green', '3. blue'])

    inputrestore()						*inputrestore()*
    		Restore typeahead that was saved with a previous |inputsave()|.
    		Should be called the same number of times inputsave() is
    		called.  Calling it more often is harmless though.
    		Returns 1 when there is nothing to restore, 0 otherwise.

    inputsave()						*inputsave()*
    		Preserve typeahead (also from mappings) and clear it, so that
    		a following prompt gets input from the user.  Should be
    		followed by a matching inputrestore() after the prompt.  Can
    		be used several times, in which case there must be just as
    		many inputrestore() calls.
    		Returns 1 when out of memory, 0 otherwise.

    inputsecret({prompt} [, {text}])			*inputsecret()*
    		This function acts much like the |input()| function with but
    		two exceptions:
    		a) the user's response will be displayed as a sequence of
    		asterisks ("*") thereby keeping the entry secret, and
    		b) the user's response will not be recorded on the input
    		|history| stack.
    		The result is a String, which is whatever the user actually
    		typed on the command-line in response to the issued prompt.
    		NOTE: Command-line completion is not supported.

    insert({list}, {item} [, {idx}])			*insert()*
    		Insert {item} at the start of |List| {list}.
    		If {idx} is specified insert {item} before the item with index
    		{idx}.  If {idx} is zero it goes before the first item, just
    		like omitting {idx}.  A negative {idx} is also possible, see
    		|list-index|.  -1 inserts just before the last item.
    		Returns the resulting |List|.  Examples:
    			:let mylist = insert([2, 3, 5], 1)
    			:call insert(mylist, 4, -1)
    			:call insert(mylist, 6, len(mylist))
     		The last example can be done simpler with |add()|.
    		Note that when {item} is a |List| it is inserted as a single
    		item.  Use |extend()| to concatenate |Lists|.

    invert({expr})						*invert()*
    		Bitwise invert.  The argument is converted to a number.  A
    		List, Dict or Float argument causes an error.  Example:
    			:let bits = invert(bits)

    isdirectory({directory})				*isdirectory()*
    		The result is a Number, which is |TRUE| when a directory
    		with the name {directory} exists.  If {directory} doesn't
    		exist, or isn't a directory, the result is |FALSE|.  {directory}
    		is any expression, which is used as a String.

    islocked({expr})					*islocked()* *E786*
    		The result is a Number, which is |TRUE| when {expr} is the
    		name of a locked variable.
    		{expr} must be the name of a variable, |List| item or
    		|Dictionary| entry, not the variable itself!  Example:
    			:let alist = [0, ['a', 'b'], 2, 3]
    			:lockvar 1 alist
    			:echo islocked('alist')		" 1
    			:echo islocked('alist[1]')	" 0

     		When {expr} is a variable that does not exist you get an error
    		message.  Use |exists()| to check for existence.

    isnan({expr})						*isnan()*
    		Return |TRUE| if {expr} is a float with value NaN.
    			echo isnan(0.0 / 0.0)
     			1

    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    items({dict})						*items()*
    		Return a |List| with all the key-value pairs of {dict}.  Each
    		|List| item is a list with two items: the key of a {dict}
    		entry and the value of this entry.  The |List| is in arbitrary
    		order.

    job_getchannel({job})					 *job_getchannel()*
    		Get the channel handle that {job} is using.
    		To check if the job has no channel:
    			if string(job_getchannel()) == 'channel fail'

    		{only available when compiled with the |+job| feature}

    job_info([{job}])					*job_info()*
    		Returns a Dictionary with information about {job}:
    		   "status"	what |job_status()| returns
    		   "channel"	what |job_getchannel()| returns
    		   "cmd"	List of command arguments used to start the job
    		   "process"	process ID
    		   "tty_in"	terminal input name, empty when none
    		   "tty_out"	terminal output name, empty when none
    		   "exitval"	only valid when "status" is "dead"
    		   "exit_cb"	function to be called on exit
    		   "stoponexit"	|job-stoponexit|

    		Without any arguments, returns a List with all Job objects.

    job_setoptions({job}, {options})			*job_setoptions()*
    		Change options for {job}.  Supported are:
    		   "stoponexit"	|job-stoponexit|
    		   "exit_cb"	|job-exit_cb|

    job_start({command} [, {options}])			*job_start()*
    		Start a job and return a Job object.  Unlike |system()| and
    		|:!cmd| this does not wait for the job to finish.
    		To start a job in a terminal window see |term_start()|.

    		{command} can be a String.  This works best on MS-Windows.  On
    		Unix it is split up in white-separated parts to be passed to
    		execvp().  Arguments in double quotes can contain white space.

    		{command} can be a List, where the first item is the executable
    		and further items are the arguments.  All items are converted
    		to String.  This works best on Unix.

    		On MS-Windows, job_start() makes a GUI application hidden. If
    		want to show it, Use |:!start| instead.

    		The command is executed directly, not through a shell, the
    		'shell' option is not used.  To use the shell:
    	let job = job_start(["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo hello"])
     		Or:
    	let job = job_start('/bin/sh -c "echo hello"')
     		Note that this will start two processes, the shell and the
    		command it executes.  If you don't want this use the "exec"
    		shell command.

    		On Unix $PATH is used to search for the executable only when
    		the command does not contain a slash.

    		The job will use the same terminal as Vim.  If it reads from
    		stdin the job and Vim will be fighting over input, that
    		doesn't work.  Redirect stdin and stdout to avoid problems:
    	let job = job_start(['sh', '-c', "myserver </dev/null >/dev/null"])

    		The returned Job object can be used to get the status with
    		|job_status()| and stop the job with |job_stop()|.

    		{options} must be a Dictionary.  It can contain many optional
    		items, see |job-options|.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+job| feature}

    job_status({job})					*job_status()* *E916*
    		Returns a String with the status of {job}:
    			"run"	job is running
    			"fail"	job failed to start
    			"dead"	job died or was stopped after running

    		On Unix a non-existing command results in "dead" instead of
    		"fail", because a fork happens before the failure can be
    		detected.

    		If an exit callback was set with the "exit_cb" option and the
    		job is now detected to be "dead" the callback will be invoked.

    		For more information see |job_info()|.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+job| feature}

    job_stop({job} [, {how}])					*job_stop()*
    		Stop the {job}.  This can also be used to signal the job.

    		When {how} is omitted or is "term" the job will be terminated.
    		For Unix SIGTERM is sent.  On MS-Windows the job will be
    		terminated forcedly (there is no "gentle" way).
    		This goes to the process group, thus children may also be
    		affected.

    		Effect for Unix:
    			"term"	 SIGTERM (default)
    			"hup"	 SIGHUP
    			"quit"	 SIGQUIT
    			"int"	 SIGINT
    			"kill"	 SIGKILL (strongest way to stop)
    			number	 signal with that number

    		Effect for MS-Windows:
    			"term"	 terminate process forcedly (default)
    			"hup"	 CTRL_BREAK
    			"quit"	 CTRL_BREAK
    			"int"	 CTRL_C
    			"kill"	 terminate process forcedly
    			Others	 CTRL_BREAK

    		On Unix the signal is sent to the process group.  This means
    		that when the job is "sh -c command" it affects both the shell
    		and the command.

    		The result is a Number: 1 if the operation could be executed,
    		0 if "how" is not supported on the system.
    		Note that even when the operation was executed, whether the
    		job was actually stopped needs to be checked with
    		|job_status()|.

    		If the status of the job is "dead", the signal will not be
    		sent.  This is to avoid to stop the wrong job (esp. on Unix,
    		where process numbers are recycled).

    		When using "kill" Vim will assume the job will die and close
    		the channel.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+job| feature}

    join({list} [, {sep}])					*join()*
    		Join the items in {list} together into one String.
    		When {sep} is specified it is put in between the items.  If
    		{sep} is omitted a single space is used.
    		Note that {sep} is not added at the end.  You might want to
    		add it there too:
    			let lines = join(mylist, "\n") . "\n"
     		String items are used as-is.  |Lists| and |Dictionaries| are
    		converted into a string like with |string()|.
    		The opposite function is |split()|.

    js_decode({string})					*js_decode()*
    		This is similar to |json_decode()| with these differences:
    		- Object key names do not have to be in quotes.
    		- Strings can be in single quotes.
    		- Empty items in an array (between two commas) are allowed and
    		  result in v:none items.

    js_encode({expr})					*js_encode()*
    		This is similar to |json_encode()| with these differences:
    		- Object key names are not in quotes.
    		- v:none items in an array result in an empty item between
    		  commas.
    		For example, the Vim object:
    			[1,v:none,{"one":1},v:none]
    		Will be encoded as:
    			[1,,{one:1},,]
    		While json_encode() would produce:
    			[1,null,{"one":1},null]
    		This encoding is valid for JavaScript. It is more efficient
    		than JSON, especially when using an array with optional items.

    json_decode({string})					*json_decode()*
    		This parses a JSON formatted string and returns the equivalent
    		in Vim values.  See |json_encode()| for the relation between
    		JSON and Vim values.
    		The decoding is permissive:
    		- A trailing comma in an array and object is ignored, e.g.
    		  "[1, 2, ]" is the same as "[1, 2]".
    		- More floating point numbers are recognized, e.g. "1." for
    		  "1.0", or "001.2" for "1.2". Special floating point values
    		  "Infinity" and "NaN" (capitalization ignored) are accepted.
    		- Leading zeroes in integer numbers are ignored, e.g. "012"
    		  for "12" or "-012" for "-12".
    		- Capitalization is ignored in literal names null, true or
    		  false, e.g. "NULL" for "null", "True" for "true".
    		- Control characters U+0000 through U+001F which are not
    		  escaped in strings are accepted, e.g. "	" (tab
    		  character in string) for "\t".
    		- Backslash in an invalid 2-character sequence escape is
    		  ignored, e.g. "\a" is decoded as "a".
    		- A correct surrogate pair in JSON strings should normally be
    		  a 12 character sequence such as "\uD834\uDD1E", but
    		  json_decode() silently accepts truncated surrogate pairs
    		  such as "\uD834" or "\uD834\u"

    								*E938*
    		A duplicate key in an object, valid in rfc7159, is not
    		accepted by json_decode() as the result must be a valid Vim
    		type, e.g. this fails: {"a":"b", "a":"c"}

    json_encode({expr})					*json_encode()*
    		Encode {expr} as JSON and return this as a string.
    		The encoding is specified in:
    		https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7159.html
    		Vim values are converted as follows:
    		   Number		decimal number
    		   Float		floating point number
    		   Float nan		"NaN"
    		   Float inf		"Infinity"
    		   String		in double quotes (possibly null)
    		   Funcref		not possible, error
    		   List			as an array (possibly null); when
    					used recursively: []
    		   Dict			as an object (possibly null); when
    					used recursively: {}
    		   v:false		"false"
    		   v:true		"true"
    		   v:none		"null"
    		   v:null		"null"
    		Note that NaN and Infinity are passed on as values.  This is
    		missing in the JSON standard, but several implementations do
    		allow it.  If not then you will get an error.

    keys({dict})						*keys()*
    		Return a |List| with all the keys of {dict}.  The |List| is in
    		arbitrary order.

    							*len()* *E701*
    len({expr})	The result is a Number, which is the length of the argument.
    		When {expr} is a String or a Number the length in bytes is
    		used, as with |strlen()|.
    		When {expr} is a |List| the number of items in the |List| is
    		returned.
    		When {expr} is a |Dictionary| the number of entries in the
    		|Dictionary| is returned.
    		Otherwise an error is given.

    						*libcall()* *E364* *E368*
    libcall({libname}, {funcname}, {argument})
    		Call function {funcname} in the run-time library {libname}
    		with single argument {argument}.
    		This is useful to call functions in a library that you
    		especially made to be used with Vim.  Since only one argument
    		is possible, calling standard library functions is rather
    		limited.
    		The result is the String returned by the function.  If the
    		function returns NULL, this will appear as an empty string ""
    		to Vim.
    		If the function returns a number, use libcallnr()!
    		If {argument} is a number, it is passed to the function as an
    		int; if {argument} is a string, it is passed as a
    		null-terminated string.
    		This function will fail in |restricted-mode|.

    		libcall() allows you to write your own 'plug-in' extensions to
    		Vim without having to recompile the program.  It is NOT a
    		means to call system functions!  If you try to do so Vim will
    		very probably crash.

    		For Win32, the functions you write must be placed in a DLL
    		and use the normal C calling convention (NOT Pascal which is
    		used in Windows System DLLs).  The function must take exactly
    		one parameter, either a character pointer or a long integer,
    		and must return a character pointer or NULL.  The character
    		pointer returned must point to memory that will remain valid
    		after the function has returned (e.g. in static data in the
    		DLL).  If it points to allocated memory, that memory will
    		leak away.  Using a static buffer in the function should work,
    		it's then freed when the DLL is unloaded.

    		WARNING: If the function returns a non-valid pointer, Vim may
    		crash!	This also happens if the function returns a number,
    		because Vim thinks it's a pointer.
    		For Win32 systems, {libname} should be the filename of the DLL
    		without the ".DLL" suffix.  A full path is only required if
    		the DLL is not in the usual places.
    		For Unix: When compiling your own plugins, remember that the
    		object code must be compiled as position-independent ('PIC').
    		{only in Win32 and some Unix versions, when the |+libcall|
    		feature is present}
    		Examples:
    			:echo libcall("libc.so", "getenv", "HOME")

    							*libcallnr()*
    libcallnr({libname}, {funcname}, {argument})
    		Just like |libcall()|, but used for a function that returns an
    		int instead of a string.
    		{only in Win32 on some Unix versions, when the |+libcall|
    		feature is present}
    		Examples:
    			:echo libcallnr("/usr/lib/libc.so", "getpid", "")
    			:call libcallnr("libc.so", "printf", "Hello World!\n")
    			:call libcallnr("libc.so", "sleep", 10)

    							*line()*
    line({expr})	The result is a Number, which is the line number of the file
    		position given with {expr}.  The accepted positions are:
    		    .	    the cursor position
    		    $	    the last line in the current buffer
    		    'x	    position of mark x (if the mark is not set, 0 is
    			    returned)
    		    w0	    first line visible in current window (one if the
    			    display isn't updated, e.g. in silent Ex mode)
    		    w$	    last line visible in current window (this is one
    			    less than "w0" if no lines are visible)
    		    v	    In Visual mode: the start of the Visual area (the
    			    cursor is the end).  When not in Visual mode
    			    returns the cursor position.  Differs from |'<| in
    			    that it's updated right away.
    		Note that a mark in another file can be used.  The line number
    		then applies to another buffer.
    		To get the column number use |col()|.  To get both use
    		|getpos()|.
    		Examples:
    			line(".")		line number of the cursor
    			line("'t")		line number of mark t
    			line("'" . marker)	line number of mark marker

     							*last-position-jump*
    		This autocommand jumps to the last known position in a file
    		just after opening it, if the '"' mark is set:
         :au BufReadPost *
    	 \ if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") && &ft !~# 'commit'
    	 \ |   exe "normal! g`\""
    	 \ | endif

    line2byte({lnum})					*line2byte()*
    		Return the byte count from the start of the buffer for line
    		{lnum}.  This includes the end-of-line character, depending on
    		the 'fileformat' option for the current buffer.  The first
    		line returns 1. 'encoding' matters, 'fileencoding' is ignored.
    		This can also be used to get the byte count for the line just
    		below the last line:
    			line2byte(line("$") + 1)
     		This is the buffer size plus one.  If 'fileencoding' is empty
    		it is the file size plus one.
    		When {lnum} is invalid, or the |+byte_offset| feature has been
    		disabled at compile time, -1 is returned.
    		Also see |byte2line()|, |go| and |:goto|.

    lispindent({lnum})					*lispindent()*
    		Get the amount of indent for line {lnum} according the lisp
    		indenting rules, as with 'lisp'.
    		The indent is counted in spaces, the value of 'tabstop' is
    		relevant.  {lnum} is used just like in |getline()|.
    		When {lnum} is invalid or Vim was not compiled the
    		|+lispindent| feature, -1 is returned.

    localtime()						*localtime()*
    		Return the current time, measured as seconds since 1st Jan
    		1970.  See also |strftime()| and |getftime()|.

    log({expr})						*log()*
    		Return the natural logarithm (base e) of {expr} as a |Float|.
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number| in the range
    		(0, inf].
    		Examples:
    			:echo log(10)
     			2.302585
    			:echo log(exp(5))
     			5.0
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    log10({expr})						*log10()*
    		Return the logarithm of Float {expr} to base 10 as a |Float|.
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			:echo log10(1000)
     			3.0
    			:echo log10(0.01)
     			-2.0
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    luaeval({expr} [, {expr}])					*luaeval()*
    		Evaluate Lua expression {expr} and return its result converted
    		to Vim data structures. Second {expr} may hold additional
    		argument accessible as _A inside first {expr}.
    		Strings are returned as they are.
    		Boolean objects are converted to numbers.
    		Numbers are converted to |Float| values if vim was compiled
    		with |+float| and to numbers otherwise.
    		Dictionaries and lists obtained by vim.eval() are returned
    		as-is.
    		Other objects are returned as zero without any errors.
    		See |lua-luaeval| for more details.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+lua| feature}

    map({expr1}, {expr2})					*map()*
    		{expr1} must be a |List| or a |Dictionary|.
    		Replace each item in {expr1} with the result of evaluating
    		{expr2}.  {expr2} must be a |string| or |Funcref|.

    		If {expr2} is a |string|, inside {expr2} |v:val| has the value
    		of the current item.  For a |Dictionary| |v:key| has the key
    		of the current item and for a |List| |v:key| has the index of
    		the current item.
    		Example:
    			:call map(mylist, '"> " . v:val . " <"')
     		This puts "> " before and " <" after each item in "mylist".

    		Note that {expr2} is the result of an expression and is then
    		used as an expression again.  Often it is good to use a
    		|literal-string| to avoid having to double backslashes.  You
    		still have to double '' quotes

    		If {expr2} is a |Funcref| it is called with two arguments:
    			1. The key or the index of the current item.
    			2. the value of the current item.
    		The function must return the new value of the item. Example
    		that changes each value by "key-value":
    			func KeyValue(key, val)
    			  return a:key . '-' . a:val
    			endfunc
    			call map(myDict, function('KeyValue'))
     		It is shorter when using a YXXYlambda|:
    			call map(myDict, {key, val -> key . '-' . val})
     		If you do not use "val" you can leave it out:
    			call map(myDict, {key -> 'item: ' . key})

    		The operation is done in-place.  If you want a |List| or
    		|Dictionary| to remain unmodified make a copy first:
    			:let tlist = map(copy(mylist), ' v:val . "\t"')

     		Returns {expr1}, the |List| or |Dictionary| that was filtered.
    		When an error is encountered while evaluating {expr2} no
    		further items in {expr1} are processed.  When {expr2} is a
    		Funcref errors inside a function are ignored, unless it was
    		defined with the "abort" flag.

    maparg({name} [, {mode} [, {abbr} [, {dict}]]])			*maparg()*
    		When {dict} is omitted or zero: Return the rhs of mapping
    		{name} in mode {mode}.  The returned String has special
    		characters translated like in the output of the ":map" command
    		listing.

    		When there is no mapping for {name}, an empty String is
    		returned.

    		The {name} can have special key names, like in the ":map"
    		command.

    		{mode} can be one of these strings:
    			"n"	Normal
    			"v"	Visual (including Select)
    			"o"	Operator-pending
    			"i"	Insert
    			"c"	Cmd-line
    			"s"	Select
    			"x"	Visual
    			"l"	langmap |language-mapping|
    			"t"	Terminal-Job
    			""	Normal, Visual and Operator-pending
    		When {mode} is omitted, the modes for "" are used.

    		When {abbr} is there and it is |TRUE| use abbreviations
    		instead of mappings.

    		When {dict} is there and it is |TRUE| return a dictionary
    		containing all the information of the mapping with the
    		following items:
    		  "lhs"	     The {lhs} of the mapping.
    		  "rhs"	     The {rhs} of the mapping as typed.
    		  "silent"   1 for a |:map-silent| mapping, else 0.
    		  "noremap"  1 if the {rhs} of the mapping is not remappable.
    		  "expr"     1 for an expression mapping (|:map-<expr>|).
    		  "buffer"   1 for a buffer local mapping (|:map-local|).
    		  "mode"     Modes for which the mapping is defined. In
    			     addition to the modes mentioned above, these
    			     characters will be used:
    			     " "     Normal, Visual and Operator-pending
    			     "!"     Insert and Commandline mode
    				     (|mapmode-ic|)
    		  "sid"	     The script local ID, used for <sid> mappings
    			     (|<SID>|).
    		  "nowait"   Do not wait for other, longer mappings.
    			     (|:map-<nowait>|).

    		The mappings local to the current buffer are checked first,
    		then the global mappings.
    		This function can be used to map a key even when it's already
    		mapped, and have it do the original mapping too.  Sketch:
    			exe 'nnoremap <Tab> ==' . maparg('<Tab>', 'n')

    mapcheck({name} [, {mode} [, {abbr}]])			*mapcheck()*
    		Check if there is a mapping that matches with {name} in mode
    		{mode}.  See |maparg()| for {mode} and special names in
    		{name}.
    		When {abbr} is there and it is |TRUE| use abbreviations
    		instead of mappings.
    		A match happens with a mapping that starts with {name} and
    		with a mapping which is equal to the start of {name}.

    			matches mapping "a"	"ab"	"abc"
    		   mapcheck("a")	yes	yes	 yes
    		   mapcheck("abc")	yes	yes	 yes
    		   mapcheck("ax")	yes	no	 no
    		   mapcheck("b")	no	no	 no

    		The difference with maparg() is that mapcheck() finds a
    		mapping that matches with {name}, while maparg() only finds a
    		mapping for {name} exactly.
    		When there is no mapping that starts with {name}, an empty
    		String is returned.  If there is one, the rhs of that mapping
    		is returned.  If there are several mappings that start with
    		{name}, the rhs of one of them is returned.
    		The mappings local to the current buffer are checked first,
    		then the global mappings.
    		This function can be used to check if a mapping can be added
    		without being ambiguous.  Example:
    	:if mapcheck("_vv") == ""
    	:   map _vv :set guifont=7x13<CR>
    	:endif
     		This avoids adding the "_vv" mapping when there already is a
    		mapping for "_v" or for "_vvv".

    match({expr}, {pat} [, {start} [, {count}]])			*match()*
    		When {expr} is a |List| then this returns the index of the
    		first item where {pat} matches.  Each item is used as a
    		String, |Lists| and |Dictionaries| are used as echoed.
    		Otherwise, {expr} is used as a String.  The result is a
    		Number, which gives the index (byte offset) in {expr} where
    		{pat} matches.
    		A match at the first character or |List| item returns zero.
    		If there is no match -1 is returned.
    		For getting submatches see |matchlist()|.
    		Example:
    			:echo match("testing", "ing")	" results in 4
    			:echo match([1, 'x'], '\a')	" results in 1
     		See |string-match| for how {pat} is used.

    								*strpbrk()*
    		Vim doesn't have a strpbrk() function.  But you can do:
    			:let sepidx = match(line, '[.,;: \t]')

     								*strcasestr()*
    		Vim doesn't have a strcasestr() function.  But you can add
    		"\c" to the pattern to ignore case:
    			:let idx = match(haystack, '\cneedle')

    		If {start} is given, the search starts from byte index
    		{start} in a String or item {start} in a |List|.
    		The result, however, is still the index counted from the
    		first character/item.  Example:
    			:echo match("testing", "ing", 2)
     		result is again "4".
    			:echo match("testing", "ing", 4)
     		result is again "4".
    			:echo match("testing", "t", 2)
     		result is "3".
    		For a String, if {start} > 0 then it is like the string starts
    		{start} bytes later, thus "^" will match at {start}.  Except
    		when {count} is given, then it's like matches before the
    		{start} byte are ignored (this is a bit complicated to keep it
    		backwards compatible).
    		For a String, if {start} < 0, it will be set to 0.  For a list
    		the index is counted from the end.
    		If {start} is out of range ({start} > strlen({expr}) for a
    		String or {start} > len({expr}) for a |List|) -1 is returned.

    		When {count} is given use the {count}'th match.  When a match
    		is found in a String the search for the next one starts one
    		character further.  Thus this example results in 1:
    			echo match("testing", "..", 0, 2)
     		In a |List| the search continues in the next item.
    		Note that when {count} is added the way {start} works changes,
    		see above.

    		See |pattern| for the patterns that are accepted.
    		The 'ignorecase' option is used to set the ignore-caseness of
    		the pattern.  'smartcase' is NOT used.  The matching is always
    		done like 'magic' is set and 'cpoptions' is empty.

    					*matchadd()* *E798* *E799* *E801*
    matchadd({group}, {pattern} [, {priority} [, {id} [, {dict}]]])
    		Defines a pattern to be highlighted in the current window (a
    		"match").  It will be highlighted with {group}.  Returns an
    		identification number (ID), which can be used to delete the
    		match using |matchdelete()|.
    		Matching is case sensitive and magic, unless case sensitivity
    		or magicness are explicitly overridden in {pattern}.  The
    		'magic', 'smartcase' and 'ignorecase' options are not used.
    		The "Conceal" value is special, it causes the match to be
    		concealed.

    		The optional {priority} argument assigns a priority to the
    		match.  A match with a high priority will have its
    		highlighting overrule that of a match with a lower priority.
    		A priority is specified as an integer (negative numbers are no
    		exception).  If the {priority} argument is not specified, the
    		default priority is 10.  The priority of 'hlsearch' is zero,
    		hence all matches with a priority greater than zero will
    		overrule it.  Syntax highlighting (see 'syntax') is a separate
    		mechanism, and regardless of the chosen priority a match will
    		always overrule syntax highlighting.

    		The optional {id} argument allows the request for a specific
    		match ID.  If a specified ID is already taken, an error
    		message will appear and the match will not be added.  An ID
    		is specified as a positive integer (zero excluded).  IDs 1, 2
    		and 3 are reserved for |:match|, |:2match| and |:3match|,
    		respectively.  If the {id} argument is not specified or -1,
    		|matchadd()| automatically chooses a free ID.

    		The optional {dict} argument allows for further custom
    		values. Currently this is used to specify a match specific
    		conceal character that will be shown for |hl-Conceal|
    		highlighted matches. The dict can have the following members:

    			conceal	    Special character to show instead of the
    				    match (only for |hl-Conceal| highlighted
    				    matches, see |:syn-cchar|)

    		The number of matches is not limited, as it is the case with
    		the |:match| commands.

    		Example:
    			:highlight MyGroup ctermbg=green guibg=green
    			:let m = matchadd("MyGroup", "TODO")
     		Deletion of the pattern:
    			:call matchdelete(m)

     		A list of matches defined by |matchadd()| and |:match| are
    		available from |getmatches()|.  All matches can be deleted in
    		one operation by |clearmatches()|.

    							*matchaddpos()*
    matchaddpos({group}, {pos} [, {priority} [, {id} [, {dict}]]])
    		Same as |matchadd()|, but requires a list of positions {pos}
    		instead of a pattern. This command is faster than |matchadd()|
    		because it does not require to handle regular expressions and
    		sets buffer line boundaries to redraw screen. It is supposed
    		to be used when fast match additions and deletions are
    		required, for example to highlight matching parentheses.

    		The list {pos} can contain one of these items:
    		- A number.  This whole line will be highlighted.  The first
    		  line has number 1.
    		- A list with one number, e.g., [23]. The whole line with this
    		  number will be highlighted.
    		- A list with two numbers, e.g., [23, 11]. The first number is
    		  the line number, the second one is the column number (first
    		  column is 1, the value must correspond to the byte index as
    		  |col()| would return).  The character at this position will
    		  be highlighted.
    		- A list with three numbers, e.g., [23, 11, 3]. As above, but
    		  the third number gives the length of the highlight in bytes.

    		The maximum number of positions is 8.

    		Example:
    			:highlight MyGroup ctermbg=green guibg=green
    			:let m = matchaddpos("MyGroup", [[23, 24], 34])
     		Deletion of the pattern:
    			:call matchdelete(m)

     		Matches added by |matchaddpos()| are returned by
    		|getmatches()| with an entry "pos1", "pos2", etc., with the
    		value a list like the {pos} item.

    matcharg({nr})							*matcharg()*
    		Selects the {nr} match item, as set with a |:match|,
    		|:2match| or |:3match| command.
    		Return a |List| with two elements:
    			The name of the highlight group used
    			The pattern used.
    		When {nr} is not 1, 2 or 3 returns an empty |List|.
    		When there is no match item set returns ['', ''].
    		This is useful to save and restore a |:match|.
    		Highlighting matches using the |:match| commands are limited
    		to three matches. |matchadd()| does not have this limitation.

    matchdelete({id})			       *matchdelete()* *E802* *E803*
    		Deletes a match with ID {id} previously defined by |matchadd()|
    		or one of the |:match| commands.  Returns 0 if successful,
    		otherwise -1.  See example for |matchadd()|.  All matches can
    		be deleted in one operation by |clearmatches()|.

    matchend({expr}, {pat} [, {start} [, {count}]])			*matchend()*
    		Same as |match()|, but return the index of first character
    		after the match.  Example:
    			:echo matchend("testing", "ing")
     		results in "7".

    							*strspn()* *strcspn()*
    		Vim doesn't have a strspn() or strcspn() function, but you can
    		do it with matchend():
    			:let span = matchend(line, '[a-zA-Z]')
    			:let span = matchend(line, '[^a-zA-Z]')
     		Except that -1 is returned when there are no matches.

    		The {start}, if given, has the same meaning as for |match()|.
    			:echo matchend("testing", "ing", 2)
     		results in "7".
    			:echo matchend("testing", "ing", 5)
     		result is "-1".
    		When {expr} is a |List| the result is equal to |match()|.

    matchlist({expr}, {pat} [, {start} [, {count}]])		*matchlist()*
    		Same as |match()|, but return a |List|.  The first item in the
    		list is the matched string, same as what matchstr() would
    		return.  Following items are submatches, like "\1", "\2", etc.
    		in |:substitute|.  When an optional submatch didn't match an
    		empty string is used.  Example:
    			echo matchlist('acd', '\(a\)\?\(b\)\?\(c\)\?\(.*\)')
     		Results in: ['acd', 'a', '', 'c', 'd', '', '', '', '', '']
    		When there is no match an empty list is returned.

    matchstr({expr}, {pat} [, {start} [, {count}]])			*matchstr()*
    		Same as |match()|, but return the matched string.  Example:
    			:echo matchstr("testing", "ing")
     		results in "ing".
    		When there is no match "" is returned.
    		The {start}, if given, has the same meaning as for |match()|.
    			:echo matchstr("testing", "ing", 2)
     		results in "ing".
    			:echo matchstr("testing", "ing", 5)
     		result is "".
    		When {expr} is a |List| then the matching item is returned.
    		The type isn't changed, it's not necessarily a String.

    matchstrpos({expr}, {pat} [, {start} [, {count}]])		*matchstrpos()*
    		Same as |matchstr()|, but return the matched string, the start
    		position and the end position of the match.  Example:
    			:echo matchstrpos("testing", "ing")
     		results in ["ing", 4, 7].
    		When there is no match ["", -1, -1] is returned.
    		The {start}, if given, has the same meaning as for |match()|.
    			:echo matchstrpos("testing", "ing", 2)
     		results in ["ing", 4, 7].
    			:echo matchstrpos("testing", "ing", 5)
     		result is ["", -1, -1].
    		When {expr} is a |List| then the matching item, the index
    		of first item where {pat} matches, the start position and the
    		end position of the match are returned.
    			:echo matchstrpos([1, '__x'], '\a')
     		result is ["x", 1, 2, 3].
    		The type isn't changed, it's not necessarily a String.

    							*max()*
    max({expr})	Return the maximum value of all items in {expr}.
    		{expr} can be a list or a dictionary.  For a dictionary,
    		it returns the maximum of all values in the dictionary.
    		If {expr} is neither a list nor a dictionary, or one of the
    		items in {expr} cannot be used as a Number this results in
    		an error.  An empty |List| or |Dictionary| results in zero.

    							*min()*
    min({expr})	Return the minimum value of all items in {expr}.
    		{expr} can be a list or a dictionary.  For a dictionary,
    		it returns the minimum of all values in the dictionary.
    		If {expr} is neither a list nor a dictionary, or one of the
    		items in {expr} cannot be used as a Number this results in
    		an error.  An empty |List| or |Dictionary| results in zero.

    							*mkdir()* *E739*
    mkdir({name} [, {path} [, {prot}]])
    		Create directory {name}.
    		If {path} is "p" then intermediate directories are created as
    		necessary.  Otherwise it must be "".
    		If {prot} is given it is used to set the protection bits of
    		the new directory.  The default is 0755 (rwxr-xr-x: r/w for
    		the user readable for others).  Use 0700 to make it unreadable
    		for others.  This is only used for the last part of {name}.
    		Thus if you create /tmp/foo/bar then /tmp/foo will be created
    		with 0755.
    		Example:
    			:call mkdir($HOME . "/tmp/foo/bar", "p", 0700)
     		This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
    		There is no error if the directory already exists and the "p"
    		flag is passed (since patch 8.0.1708).
    		Not available on all systems.  To check use:
    			:if exists("*mkdir")

    							*mode()*
    mode([expr])	Return a string that indicates the current mode.
    		If [expr] is supplied and it evaluates to a non-zero Number or
    		a non-empty String (|non-zero-arg|), then the full mode is
    		returned, otherwise only the first letter is returned.

    			n	Normal, Terminal-Normal
    			no	Operator-pending
    			v	Visual by character
    			V	Visual by line
    			CTRL-V	Visual blockwise
    			s	Select by character
    			S	Select by line
    			CTRL-S	Select blockwise
    			i	Insert
    			ic	Insert mode completion |compl-generic|
    			ix	Insert mode |i_CTRL-X| completion
    			R	Replace |R|
    			Rc	Replace mode completion |compl-generic|
    			Rv	Virtual Replace |gR|
    			Rx	Replace mode |i_CTRL-X| completion
    			c	Command-line editing
    			cv	Vim Ex mode |gQ|
    			ce	Normal Ex mode |Q|
    			r	Hit-enter prompt
    			rm	The -- more -- prompt
    			r?	A |:confirm| query of some sort
    			!	Shell or external command is executing
    			t	Terminal-Job mode: keys go to the job
    		This is useful in the 'statusline' option or when used
    		with |remote_expr()| In most other places it always returns
    		"c" or "n".
    		Also see |visualmode()|.

    mzeval({expr})							*mzeval()*
    		Evaluate MzScheme expression {expr} and return its result
    		converted to Vim data structures.
    		Numbers and strings are returned as they are.
    		Pairs (including lists and improper lists) and vectors are
    		returned as Vim |Lists|.
    		Hash tables are represented as Vim |Dictionary| type with keys
    		converted to strings.
    		All other types are converted to string with display function.
    		Examples:
    		    :mz (define l (list 1 2 3))
    		    :mz (define h (make-hash)) (hash-set! h "list" l)
    		    :echo mzeval("l")
    		    :echo mzeval("h")

    		{only available when compiled with the |+mzscheme| feature}

    nextnonblank({lnum})					*nextnonblank()*
    		Return the line number of the first line at or below {lnum}
    		that is not blank.  Example:
    			if getline(nextnonblank(1)) =~ "Java"
     		When {lnum} is invalid or there is no non-blank line at or
    		below it, zero is returned.
    		See also |prevnonblank()|.

    nr2char({expr} [, {utf8}])				*nr2char()*
    		Return a string with a single character, which has the number
    		value {expr}.  Examples:
    			nr2char(64)		returns "@"
    			nr2char(32)		returns " "
     		When {utf8} is omitted or zero, the current 'encoding' is used.
    		Example for "utf-8":
    			nr2char(300)		returns I with bow character
     		With {utf8} set to 1, always return utf-8 characters.
    		Note that a NUL character in the file is specified with
    		nr2char(10), because NULs are represented with newline
    		characters.  nr2char(0) is a real NUL and terminates the
    		string, thus results in an empty string.

    or({expr}, {expr})					*or()*
    		Bitwise OR on the two arguments.  The arguments are converted
    		to a number.  A List, Dict or Float argument causes an error.
    		Example:
    			:let bits = or(bits, 0x80)

    pathshorten({expr})					*pathshorten()*
    		Shorten directory names in the path {expr} and return the
    		result.  The tail, the file name, is kept as-is.  The other
    		components in the path are reduced to single letters.  Leading
    		'~' and '.' characters are kept.  Example:
    			:echo pathshorten('~/.vim/autoload/myfile.vim')
     			~/.v/a/myfile.vim
    		It doesn't matter if the path exists or not.

    perleval({expr})					*perleval()*
    		Evaluate Perl expression {expr} in scalar context and return
    		its result converted to Vim data structures. If value can't be
    		converted, it is returned as a string Perl representation.
    		Note: If you want an array or hash, {expr} must return a
    		reference to it.
    		Example:
    			:echo perleval('[1 .. 4]')
     			[1, 2, 3, 4]
    		{only available when compiled with the |+perl| feature}

    pow({x}, {y})						*pow()*
    		Return the power of {x} to the exponent {y} as a |Float|.
    		{x} and {y} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			:echo pow(3, 3)
     			27.0
    			:echo pow(2, 16)
     			65536.0
    			:echo pow(32, 0.20)
     			2.0
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    prevnonblank({lnum})					*prevnonblank()*
    		Return the line number of the first line at or above {lnum}
    		that is not blank.  Example:
    			let ind = indent(prevnonblank(v:lnum - 1))
     		When {lnum} is invalid or there is no non-blank line at or
    		above it, zero is returned.
    		Also see |nextnonblank()|.

    printf({fmt}, {expr1} ...)				*printf()*
    		Return a String with {fmt}, where "%" items are replaced by
    		the formatted form of their respective arguments.  Example:
    			printf("%4d: E%d %.30s", lnum, errno, msg)
     		May result in:
    			"  99: E42 asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdfas"

    		Often used items are:
    		  %s	string
    		  %6S	string right-aligned in 6 display cells
    		  %6s	string right-aligned in 6 bytes
    		  %.9s	string truncated to 9 bytes
    		  %c	single byte
    		  %d	decimal number
    		  %5d	decimal number padded with spaces to 5 characters
    		  %x	hex number
    		  %04x	hex number padded with zeros to at least 4 characters
    		  %X	hex number using upper case letters
    		  %o	octal number
    		  %08b	binary number padded with zeros to at least 8 chars
    		  %f	floating point number as 12.23, inf, -inf or nan
    		  %F	floating point number as 12.23, INF, -INF or NAN
    		  %e	floating point number as 1.23e3, inf, -inf or nan
    		  %E	floating point number as 1.23E3, INF, -INF or NAN
    		  %g	floating point number, as %f or %e depending on value
    		  %G	floating point number, as %F or %E depending on value
    		  %%	the % character itself

    		Conversion specifications start with '%' and end with the
    		conversion type.  All other characters are copied unchanged to
    		the result.

    		The "%" starts a conversion specification.  The following
    		arguments appear in sequence:

    			%  [flags]  [field-width]  [.precision]  type

    		flags
    			Zero or more of the following flags:

    		    #	      The value should be converted to an "alternate
    			      form".  For c, d, and s conversions, this option
    			      has no effect.  For o conversions, the precision
    			      of the number is increased to force the first
    			      character of the output string to a zero (except
    			      if a zero value is printed with an explicit
    			      precision of zero).
    			      For b and B conversions, a non-zero result has
    			      the string "0b" (or "0B" for B conversions)
    			      prepended to it.
    			      For x and X conversions, a non-zero result has
    			      the string "0x" (or "0X" for X conversions)
    			      prepended to it.

    		    0 (zero)  Zero padding.  For all conversions the converted
    			      value is padded on the left with zeros rather
    			      than blanks.  If a precision is given with a
    			      numeric conversion (d, b, B, o, x, and X), the 0
    			      flag is ignored.

    		    -	      A negative field width flag; the converted value
    			      is to be left adjusted on the field boundary.
    			      The converted value is padded on the right with
    			      blanks, rather than on the left with blanks or
    			      zeros.  A - overrides a 0 if both are given.

    		    '' '' (space)  A blank should be left before a positive
    			      number produced by a signed conversion (d).

    		    +	      A sign must always be placed before a number
    			      produced by a signed conversion.  A + overrides
    			      a space if both are used.

    		field-width
    			An optional decimal digit string specifying a minimum
    			field width.  If the converted value has fewer bytes
    			than the field width, it will be padded with spaces on
    			the left (or right, if the left-adjustment flag has
    			been given) to fill out the field width.

    		.precision
    			An optional precision, in the form of a period '.'
    			followed by an optional digit string.  If the digit
    			string is omitted, the precision is taken as zero.
    			This gives the minimum number of digits to appear for
    			d, o, x, and X conversions, or the maximum number of
    			bytes to be printed from a string for s conversions.
    			For floating point it is the number of digits after
    			the decimal point.

    		type
    			A character that specifies the type of conversion to
    			be applied, see below.

    		A field width or precision, or both, may be indicated by an
    		asterisk '*' instead of a digit string.  In this case, a
    		Number argument supplies the field width or precision.  A
    		negative field width is treated as a left adjustment flag
    		followed by a positive field width; a negative precision is
    		treated as though it were missing.  Example:
    			:echo printf("%d: %.*s", nr, width, line)
     		This limits the length of the text used from "line" to
    		"width" bytes.

    		The conversion specifiers and their meanings are:

    				*printf-d* *printf-b* *printf-B* *printf-o*

    				*printf-x* *printf-X*
    		dbBoxX	The Number argument is converted to signed decimal
    			(d), unsigned binary (b and B), unsigned octal (o), or
    			unsigned hexadecimal (x and X) notation.  The letters
    			"abcdef" are used for x conversions; the letters
    			"ABCDEF" are used for X conversions.
    			The precision, if any, gives the minimum number of
    			digits that must appear; if the converted value
    			requires fewer digits, it is padded on the left with
    			zeros.
    			In no case does a non-existent or small field width
    			cause truncation of a numeric field; if the result of
    			a conversion is wider than the field width, the field
    			is expanded to contain the conversion result.
    			The 'h' modifier indicates the argument is 16 bits.
    			The 'l' modifier indicates the argument is 32 bits.
    			The 'L' modifier indicates the argument is 64 bits.
    			Generally, these modifiers are not useful. They are
    			ignored when type is known from the argument.

    		i	alias for d
    		D	alias for ld
    		U	alias for lu
    		O	alias for lo

    							*printf-c*
    		c	The Number argument is converted to a byte, and the
    			resulting character is written.

    							*printf-s*
    		s	The text of the String argument is used.  If a
    			precision is specified, no more bytes than the number
    			specified are used.
    			If the argument is not a String type, it is
    			automatically converted to text with the same format
    			as ":echo".

    							*printf-S*
    		S	The text of the String argument is used.  If a
    			precision is specified, no more display cells than the
    			number specified are used.  Without the |+multi_byte|
    			feature works just like 's'.

    							*printf-f* *E807*
    		f F	The Float argument is converted into a string of the
    			form 123.456.  The precision specifies the number of
    			digits after the decimal point.  When the precision is
    			zero the decimal point is omitted.  When the precision
    			is not specified 6 is used.  A really big number
    			(out of range or dividing by zero) results in "inf"
    			or "-inf" with %f (INF or -INF with %F).
    			"0.0 / 0.0" results in "nan" with %f (NAN with %F).
    			Example:
    				echo printf("%.2f", 12.115)
     				12.12
    			Note that roundoff depends on the system libraries.
    			Use |round()| when in doubt.

    							*printf-e* *printf-E*
    		e E	The Float argument is converted into a string of the
    			form 1.234e+03 or 1.234E+03 when using 'E'.  The
    			precision specifies the number of digits after the
    			decimal point, like with 'f'.

    							*printf-g* *printf-G*
    		g G	The Float argument is converted like with 'f' if the
    			value is between 0.001 (inclusive) and 10000000.0
    			(exclusive).  Otherwise 'e' is used for 'g' and 'E'
    			for 'G'.  When no precision is specified superfluous
    			zeroes and '+' signs are removed, except for the zero
    			immediately after the decimal point.  Thus 10000000.0
    			results in 1.0e7.

    							*printf-%*
    		%	A '%' is written.  No argument is converted.  The
    			complete conversion specification is "%%".

    		When a Number argument is expected a String argument is also
    		accepted and automatically converted.
    		When a Float or String argument is expected a Number argument
    		is also accepted and automatically converted.
    		Any other argument type results in an error message.

    							*E766* *E767*
    		The number of {exprN} arguments must exactly match the number
    		of "%" items.  If there are not sufficient or too many
    		arguments an error is given.  Up to 18 arguments can be used.

    pumvisible()						*pumvisible()*
    		Returns non-zero when the popup menu is visible, zero
    		otherwise.  See |ins-completion-menu|.
    		This can be used to avoid some things that would remove the
    		popup menu.

    py3eval({expr})						*py3eval()*
    		Evaluate Python expression {expr} and return its result
    		converted to Vim data structures.
    		Numbers and strings are returned as they are (strings are
    		copied though, Unicode strings are additionally converted to
    		'encoding').
    		Lists are represented as Vim |List| type.
    		Dictionaries are represented as Vim |Dictionary| type with
    		keys converted to strings.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+python3| feature}

    							*E858* *E859*

    pyeval({expr})						*pyeval()*
    		Evaluate Python expression {expr} and return its result
    		converted to Vim data structures.
    		Numbers and strings are returned as they are (strings are
    		copied though).
    		Lists are represented as Vim |List| type.
    		Dictionaries are represented as Vim |Dictionary| type,
    		non-string keys result in error.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+python| feature}

    pyxeval({expr})						*pyxeval()*
    		Evaluate Python expression {expr} and return its result
    		converted to Vim data structures.
    		Uses Python 2 or 3, see |python_x| and 'pyxversion'.
    		See also: |pyeval()|, |py3eval()|
    		{only available when compiled with the |+python| or the
    		|+python3| feature}

    							*E726* *E727*

    range({expr} [, {max} [, {stride}]])				*range()*
    		Returns a |List| with Numbers:
    		- If only {expr} is specified: [0, 1, ..., {expr} - 1]
    		- If {max} is specified: [{expr}, {expr} + 1, ..., {max}]
    		- If {stride} is specified: [{expr}, {expr} + {stride}, ...,
    		  {max}] (increasing {expr} with {stride} each time, not
    		  producing a value past {max}).
    		When the maximum is one before the start the result is an
    		empty list.  When the maximum is more than one before the
    		start this is an error.
    		Examples:
    			range(4)		" [0, 1, 2, 3]
    			range(2, 4)		" [2, 3, 4]
    			range(2, 9, 3)		" [2, 5, 8]
    			range(2, -2, -1)	" [2, 1, 0, -1, -2]
    			range(0)		" []
    			range(2, 0)		" error!

    							*readfile()*
    readfile({fname} [, {binary} [, {max}]])
    		Read file {fname} and return a |List|, each line of the file
    		as an item.  Lines are broken at NL characters.  Macintosh
    		files separated with CR will result in a single long line
    		(unless a NL appears somewhere).
    		All NUL characters are replaced with a NL character.
    		When {binary} contains "b" binary mode is used:
    		- When the last line ends in a NL an extra empty list item is
    		  added.
    		- No CR characters are removed.
    		Otherwise:
    		- CR characters that appear before a NL are removed.
    		- Whether the last line ends in a NL or not does not matter.
    		- When 'encoding' is Unicode any UTF-8 byte order mark is
    		  removed from the text.
    		When {max} is given this specifies the maximum number of lines
    		to be read.  Useful if you only want to check the first ten
    		lines of a file:
    			:for line in readfile(fname, '', 10)
    			:  if line =~ 'Date' | echo line | endif
    			:endfor
     		When {max} is negative -{max} lines from the end of the file
    		are returned, or as many as there are.
    		When {max} is zero the result is an empty list.
    		Note that without {max} the whole file is read into memory.
    		Also note that there is no recognition of encoding.  Read a
    		file into a buffer if you need to.
    		When the file can't be opened an error message is given and
    		the result is an empty list.
    		Also see |writefile()|.

    reltime([{start} [, {end}]])				*reltime()*
    		Return an item that represents a time value.  The format of
    		the item depends on the system.  It can be passed to
    		|reltimestr()| to convert it to a string  or |reltimefloat()|
    		to convert to a Float.
    		Without an argument it returns the current time.
    		With one argument is returns the time passed since the time
    		specified in the argument.
    		With two arguments it returns the time passed between {start}
    		and {end}.
    		The {start} and {end} arguments must be values returned by
    		reltime().
    		{only available when compiled with the |+reltime| feature}

    reltimefloat({time})				*reltimefloat()*
    		Return a Float that represents the time value of {time}.
    		Example:
    			let start = reltime()
    			call MyFunction()
    			let seconds = reltimefloat(reltime(start))
     		See the note of reltimestr() about overhead.
    		Also see |profiling|.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+reltime| feature}

    reltimestr({time})				*reltimestr()*
    		Return a String that represents the time value of {time}.
    		This is the number of seconds, a dot and the number of
    		microseconds.  Example:
    			let start = reltime()
    			call MyFunction()
    			echo reltimestr(reltime(start))
     		Note that overhead for the commands will be added to the time.
    		The accuracy depends on the system.
    		Leading spaces are used to make the string align nicely.  You
    		can use split() to remove it.
    			echo split(reltimestr(reltime(start)))[0]
     		Also see |profiling|.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+reltime| feature}

    							*remote_expr()* *E449*
    remote_expr({server}, {string} [, {idvar} [, {timeout}]])
    		Send the {string} to {server}.  The string is sent as an
    		expression and the result is returned after evaluation.
    		The result must be a String or a |List|.  A |List| is turned
    		into a String by joining the items with a line break in
    		between (not at the end), like with join(expr, "\n").
    		If {idvar} is present and not empty, it is taken as the name
    		of a variable and a {serverid} for later use with
    		|remote_read()| is stored there.
    		If {timeout} is given the read times out after this many
    		seconds.  Otherwise a timeout of 600 seconds is used.
    		See also |clientserver| |RemoteReply|.
    		This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature}
    		Note: Any errors will cause a local error message to be issued
    		and the result will be the empty string.

    		Variables will be evaluated in the global namespace,
    		independent of a function currently being active.  Except
    		when in debug mode, then local function variables and
    		arguments can be evaluated.

    		Examples:
    			:echo remote_expr("gvim", "2+2")
    			:echo remote_expr("gvim1", "b:current_syntax")

    remote_foreground({server})				*remote_foreground()*
    		Move the Vim server with the name {server} to the foreground.
    		This works like:
    			remote_expr({server}, "foreground()")
     		Except that on Win32 systems the client does the work, to work
    		around the problem that the OS doesn't always allow the server
    		to bring itself to the foreground.
    		Note: This does not restore the window if it was minimized,
    		like foreground() does.
    		This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
    		{only in the Win32, Athena, Motif and GTK GUI versions and the
    		Win32 console version}

    remote_peek({serverid} [, {retvar}])		*remote_peek()*
    		Returns a positive number if there are available strings
    		from {serverid}.  Copies any reply string into the variable
    		{retvar} if specified.  {retvar} must be a string with the
    		name of a variable.
    		Returns zero if none are available.
    		Returns -1 if something is wrong.
    		See also |clientserver|.
    		This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature}
    		Examples:
    			:let repl = ""
    			:echo "PEEK: ".remote_peek(id, "repl").": ".repl

    remote_read({serverid}, [{timeout}])			*remote_read()*
    		Return the oldest available reply from {serverid} and consume
    		it.  Unless a {timeout} in seconds is given, it blocks until a
    		reply is available.
    		See also |clientserver|.
    		This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature}
    		Example:
    			:echo remote_read(id)

    							*remote_send()* *E241*
    remote_send({server}, {string} [, {idvar}])
    		Send the {string} to {server}.  The string is sent as input
    		keys and the function returns immediately.  At the Vim server
    		the keys are not mapped |:map|.
    		If {idvar} is present, it is taken as the name of a variable
    		and a {serverid} for later use with remote_read() is stored
    		there.
    		See also |clientserver| |RemoteReply|.
    		This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature}

    		Note: Any errors will be reported in the server and may mess
    		up the display.
    		Examples:
    		:echo remote_send("gvim", ":DropAndReply ".file, "serverid").
    		 \ remote_read(serverid)

    		:autocmd NONE RemoteReply *
    		 \ echo remote_read(expand("<amatch>"))
    		:echo remote_send("gvim", ":sleep 10 | echo ".
    		 \ 'server2client(expand("<client>"), "HELLO")<CR>')

    					*remote_startserver()* *E941* *E942*
    remote_startserver({name})
    		Become the server {name}.  This fails if already running as a
    		server, when |v:servername| is not empty.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature}

    remove({list}, {idx} [, {end}])				*remove()*
    		Without {end}: Remove the item at {idx} from |List| {list} and
    		return the item.
    		With {end}: Remove items from {idx} to {end} (inclusive) and
    		return a List with these items.  When {idx} points to the same
    		item as {end} a list with one item is returned.  When {end}
    		points to an item before {idx} this is an error.
    		See |list-index| for possible values of {idx} and {end}.
    		Example:
    			:echo "last item: " . remove(mylist, -1)
    			:call remove(mylist, 0, 9)
    remove({dict}, {key})
    		Remove the entry from {dict} with key {key}.  Example:
    			:echo "removed " . remove(dict, "one")
     		If there is no {key} in {dict} this is an error.

    		Use |delete()| to remove a file.

    rename({from}, {to})					*rename()*
    		Rename the file by the name {from} to the name {to}.  This
    		should also work to move files across file systems.  The
    		result is a Number, which is 0 if the file was renamed
    		successfully, and non-zero when the renaming failed.
    		NOTE: If {to} exists it is overwritten without warning.
    		This function is not available in the |sandbox|.

    repeat({expr}, {count})					*repeat()*
    		Repeat {expr} {count} times and return the concatenated
    		result.  Example:
    			:let separator = repeat('-', 80)
     		When {count} is zero or negative the result is empty.
    		When {expr} is a |List| the result is {expr} concatenated
    		{count} times.  Example:
    			:let longlist = repeat(['a', 'b'], 3)
     		Results in ['a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b'].

    resolve({filename})					*resolve()* *E655*
    		On MS-Windows, when {filename} is a shortcut (a .lnk file),
    		returns the path the shortcut points to in a simplified form.
    		On Unix, repeat resolving symbolic links in all path
    		components of {filename} and return the simplified result.
    		To cope with link cycles, resolving of symbolic links is
    		stopped after 100 iterations.
    		On other systems, return the simplified {filename}.
    		The simplification step is done as by |simplify()|.
    		resolve() keeps a leading path component specifying the
    		current directory (provided the result is still a relative
    		path name) and also keeps a trailing path separator.

    							*reverse()*
    reverse({list})	Reverse the order of items in {list} in-place.  Returns
    		{list}.
    		If you want a list to remain unmodified make a copy first:
    			:let revlist = reverse(copy(mylist))

    round({expr})							*round()*
    		Round off {expr} to the nearest integral value and return it
    		as a |Float|.  If {expr} lies halfway between two integral
    		values, then use the larger one (away from zero).
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			echo round(0.456)
     			0.0
    			echo round(4.5)
     			5.0
    			echo round(-4.5)
     			-5.0
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    screenattr({row}, {col})					*screenattr()*
    		Like |screenchar()|, but return the attribute.  This is a rather
    		arbitrary number that can only be used to compare to the
    		attribute at other positions.

    screenchar({row}, {col})					*screenchar()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the character at position
    		[row, col] on the screen.  This works for every possible
    		screen position, also status lines, window separators and the
    		command line.  The top left position is row one, column one
    		The character excludes composing characters.  For double-byte
    		encodings it may only be the first byte.
    		This is mainly to be used for testing.
    		Returns -1 when row or col is out of range.

    screencol()							*screencol()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the current screen column of
    		the cursor. The leftmost column has number 1.
    		This function is mainly used for testing.

    		Note: Always returns the current screen column, thus if used
    		in a command (e.g. ":echo screencol()") it will return the
    		column inside the command line, which is 1 when the command is
    		executed. To get the cursor position in the file use one of
    		the following mappings:
    			nnoremap <expr> GG ":echom ".screencol()."\n"
    			nnoremap <silent> GG :echom screencol()<CR>

    screenrow()							*screenrow()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the current screen row of the
    		cursor.  The top line has number one.
    		This function is mainly used for testing.
    		Alternatively you can use |winline()|.

    		Note: Same restrictions as with |screencol()|.

    search({pattern} [, {flags} [, {stopline} [, {timeout}]]])	*search()*
    		Search for regexp pattern {pattern}.  The search starts at the
    		cursor position (you can use |cursor()| to set it).

    		When a match has been found its line number is returned.
    		If there is no match a 0 is returned and the cursor doesn't
    		move.  No error message is given.

    		{flags} is a String, which can contain these character flags:
    		'b'	search Backward instead of forward
    		'c'	accept a match at the Cursor position
    		'e'	move to the End of the match
    		'n'	do Not move the cursor
    		'p'	return number of matching sub-Pattern (see below)
    		's'	Set the '' mark at the previous location of the cursor
    		'w'	Wrap around the end of the file
    		'W'	don't Wrap around the end of the file
    		'z'	start searching at the cursor column instead of zero
    		If neither 'w' or 'W' is given, the 'wrapscan' option applies.

    		If the 's' flag is supplied, the '' mark is set, only if the
    		cursor is moved. The 's' flag cannot be combined with the 'n'
    		flag.

    		'ignorecase', 'smartcase' and 'magic' are used.

    		When the 'z' flag is not given, searching always starts in
    		column zero and then matches before the cursor are skipped.
    		When the 'c' flag is present in 'cpo' the next search starts
    		after the match.  Without the 'c' flag the next search starts
    		one column further.

    		When the {stopline} argument is given then the search stops
    		after searching this line.  This is useful to restrict the
    		search to a range of lines.  Examples:
    			let match = search('(', 'b', line("w0"))
    			let end = search('END', '', line("w$"))
     		When {stopline} is used and it is not zero this also implies
    		that the search does not wrap around the end of the file.
    		A zero value is equal to not giving the argument.

    		When the {timeout} argument is given the search stops when
    		more than this many milliseconds have passed.  Thus when
    		{timeout} is 500 the search stops after half a second.
    		The value must not be negative.  A zero value is like not
    		giving the argument.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+reltime| feature}

    							*search()-sub-match*
    		With the 'p' flag the returned value is one more than the
    		first sub-match in \(\).  One if none of them matched but the
    		whole pattern did match.
    		To get the column number too use |searchpos()|.

    		The cursor will be positioned at the match, unless the 'n'
    		flag is used.

    		Example (goes over all files in the argument list):
    		    :let n = 1
    		    :while n <= argc()	    " loop over all files in arglist
    		    :  exe "argument " . n
    		    :  " start at the last char in the file and wrap for the
    		    :  " first search to find match at start of file
    		    :  normal G$
    		    :  let flags = "w"
    		    :  while search("foo", flags) > 0
    		    :	 s/foo/bar/g
    		    :	 let flags = "W"
    		    :  endwhile
    		    :  update		    " write the file if modified
    		    :  let n = n + 1
    		    :endwhile

    		Example for using some flags:
    		    :echo search('\<if\|\(else\)\|\(endif\)', 'ncpe')
     		This will search for the keywords "if", "else", and "endif"
    		under or after the cursor.  Because of the 'p' flag, it
    		returns 1, 2, or 3 depending on which keyword is found, or 0
    		if the search fails.  With the cursor on the first word of the
    		line:
    		    if (foo == 0) | let foo = foo + 1 | endif
    		the function returns 1.  Without the 'c' flag, the function
    		finds the "endif" and returns 3.  The same thing happens
    		without the 'e' flag if the cursor is on the "f" of "if".
    		The 'n' flag tells the function not to move the cursor.

    searchdecl({name} [, {global} [, {thisblock}]])			*searchdecl()*
    		Search for the declaration of {name}.

    		With a non-zero {global} argument it works like |gD|, find
    		first match in the file.  Otherwise it works like |gd|, find
    		first match in the function.

    		With a non-zero {thisblock} argument matches in a {} block
    		that ends before the cursor position are ignored.  Avoids
    		finding variable declarations only valid in another scope.

    		Moves the cursor to the found match.
    		Returns zero for success, non-zero for failure.
    		Example:
    			if searchdecl('myvar') == 0
    			   echo getline('.')
    			endif

    							*searchpair()*
    searchpair({start}, {middle}, {end} [, {flags} [, {skip}
    				[, {stopline} [, {timeout}]]]])
    		Search for the match of a nested start-end pair.  This can be
    		used to find the "endif" that matches an "if", while other
    		if/endif pairs in between are ignored.
    		The search starts at the cursor.  The default is to search
    		forward, include 'b' in {flags} to search backward.
    		If a match is found, the cursor is positioned at it and the
    		line number is returned.  If no match is found 0 or -1 is
    		returned and the cursor doesn't move.  No error message is
    		given.

    		{start}, {middle} and {end} are patterns, see |pattern|.  They
    		must not contain \( \) pairs.  Use of \%( \) is allowed.  When
    		{middle} is not empty, it is found when searching from either
    		direction, but only when not in a nested start-end pair.  A
    		typical use is:
    			searchpair('\<if\>', '\<else\>', '\<endif\>')
     		By leaving {middle} empty the "else" is skipped.

    		{flags} 'b', 'c', 'n', 's', 'w' and 'W' are used like with
    		|search()|.  Additionally:
    		'r'	Repeat until no more matches found; will find the
    			outer pair.  Implies the 'W' flag.
    		'm'	Return number of matches instead of line number with
    			the match; will be > 1 when 'r' is used.
    		Note: it's nearly always a good idea to use the 'W' flag, to
    		avoid wrapping around the end of the file.

    		When a match for {start}, {middle} or {end} is found, the
    		{skip} expression is evaluated with the cursor positioned on
    		the start of the match.  It should return non-zero if this
    		match is to be skipped.  E.g., because it is inside a comment
    		or a string.
    		When {skip} is omitted or empty, every match is accepted.
    		When evaluating {skip} causes an error the search is aborted
    		and -1 returned.
    		{skip} can be a string, a lambda, a funcref or a partial.

    		For {stopline} and {timeout} see |search()|.

    		The value of 'ignorecase' is used.  'magic' is ignored, the
    		patterns are used like it's on.

    		The search starts exactly at the cursor.  A match with
    		{start}, {middle} or {end} at the next character, in the
    		direction of searching, is the first one found.  Example:
    			if 1
    			  if 2
    			  endif 2
    			endif 1
     		When starting at the "if 2", with the cursor on the "i", and
    		searching forwards, the "endif 2" is found.  When starting on
    		the character just before the "if 2", the "endif 1" will be
    		found.  That's because the "if 2" will be found first, and
    		then this is considered to be a nested if/endif from "if 2" to
    		"endif 2".
    		When searching backwards and {end} is more than one character,
    		it may be useful to put "\zs" at the end of the pattern, so
    		that when the cursor is inside a match with the end it finds
    		the matching start.

    		Example, to find the "endif" command in a Vim script:

    	:echo searchpair('\<if\>', '\<el\%[seif]\>', '\<en\%[dif]\>', 'W',
    			\ 'getline(".") =~ "^\\s*\""')

     		The cursor must be at or after the "if" for which a match is
    		to be found.  Note that single-quote strings are used to avoid
    		having to double the backslashes.  The skip expression only
    		catches comments at the start of a line, not after a command.
    		Also, a word "en" or "if" halfway a line is considered a
    		match.
    		Another example, to search for the matching "{" of a "}":

    	:echo searchpair('{', '', '}', 'bW')

     		This works when the cursor is at or before the "}" for which a
    		match is to be found.  To reject matches that syntax
    		highlighting recognized as strings:

    	:echo searchpair('{', '', '}', 'bW',
    	     \ 'synIDattr(synID(line("."), col("."), 0), "name") =~? "string"')

    							*searchpairpos()*
    searchpairpos({start}, {middle}, {end} [, {flags} [, {skip}
    				[, {stopline} [, {timeout}]]]])
    		Same as |searchpair()|, but returns a |List| with the line and
    		column position of the match. The first element of the |List|
    		is the line number and the second element is the byte index of
    		the column position of the match.  If no match is found,
    		returns [0, 0].

    			:let [lnum,col] = searchpairpos('{', '', '}', 'n')

    		See |match-parens| for a bigger and more useful example.

    searchpos({pattern} [, {flags} [, {stopline} [, {timeout}]]])	*searchpos()*
    		Same as |search()|, but returns a |List| with the line and
    		column position of the match. The first element of the |List|
    		is the line number and the second element is the byte index of
    		the column position of the match. If no match is found,
    		returns [0, 0].
    		Example:
    	:let [lnum, col] = searchpos('mypattern', 'n')

     		When the 'p' flag is given then there is an extra item with
    		the sub-pattern match number |search()-sub-match|.  Example:
    	:let [lnum, col, submatch] = searchpos('\(\l\)\|\(\u\)', 'np')
     		In this example "submatch" is 2 when a lowercase letter is
    		found |/\l|, 3 when an uppercase letter is found |/\u|.

    server2client({clientid}, {string})			*server2client()*
    		Send a reply string to {clientid}.  The most recent {clientid}
    		that sent a string can be retrieved with expand("<client>").
    		{only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature}
    		Note:
    		This id has to be stored before the next command can be
    		received.  I.e. before returning from the received command and
    		before calling any commands that waits for input.
    		See also |clientserver|.
    		Example:
    			:echo server2client(expand("<client>"), "HELLO")

    serverlist()					*serverlist()*
    		Return a list of available server names, one per line.
    		When there are no servers or the information is not available
    		an empty string is returned.  See also |clientserver|.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+clientserver| feature}
    		Example:
    			:echo serverlist()

    setbufline({expr}, {lnum}, {text})			*setbufline()*
    		Set line {lnum} to {text} in buffer {expr}.  To insert
    		lines use |append()|.

    		For the use of {expr}, see |bufname()| above.

    		{lnum} is used like with |setline()|.
    		This works like |setline()| for the specified buffer.
    		On success 0 is returned, on failure 1 is returned.

    		If {expr} is not a valid buffer or {lnum} is not valid, an
    		error message is given.

    setbufvar({expr}, {varname}, {val})			*setbufvar()*
    		Set option or local variable {varname} in buffer {expr} to
    		{val}.
    		This also works for a global or local window option, but it
    		doesn't work for a global or local window variable.
    		For a local window option the global value is unchanged.
    		For the use of {expr}, see |bufname()| above.
    		Note that the variable name without "b:" must be used.
    		Examples:
    			:call setbufvar(1, "&mod", 1)
    			:call setbufvar("todo", "myvar", "foobar")
     		This function is not available in the |sandbox|.

    setcharsearch({dict})					*setcharsearch()*
    		Set the current character search information to {dict},
    		which contains one or more of the following entries:

    		    char	character which will be used for a subsequent
    				|,| or |;| command; an empty string clears the
    				character search
    		    forward	direction of character search; 1 for forward,
    				0 for backward
    		    until	type of character search; 1 for a |t| or |T|
    				character search, 0 for an |f| or |F|
    				character search

    		This can be useful to save/restore a user's character search
    		from a script:
    			:let prevsearch = getcharsearch()
    			:" Perform a command which clobbers user's search
    			:call setcharsearch(prevsearch)
     		Also see |getcharsearch()|.

    setcmdpos({pos})					*setcmdpos()*
    		Set the cursor position in the command line to byte position
    		{pos}.  The first position is 1.
    		Use |getcmdpos()| to obtain the current position.
    		Only works while editing the command line, thus you must use
    		|c_CTRL-\_e|, |c_CTRL-R_=| or |c_CTRL-R_CTRL-R| with '='.  For
    		|c_CTRL-\_e| and |c_CTRL-R_CTRL-R| with '=' the position is
    		set after the command line is set to the expression.  For
    		|c_CTRL-R_=| it is set after evaluating the expression but
    		before inserting the resulting text.
    		When the number is too big the cursor is put at the end of the
    		line.  A number smaller than one has undefined results.
    		Returns 0 when successful, 1 when not editing the command
    		line.

    setfperm({fname}, {mode})				*setfperm()* *chmod*
    		Set the file permissions for {fname} to {mode}.
    		{mode} must be a string with 9 characters.  It is of the form
    		"rwxrwxrwx", where each group of "rwx" flags represent, in
    		turn, the permissions of the owner of the file, the group the
    		file belongs to, and other users.  A '-' character means the
    		permission is off, any other character means on.  Multi-byte
    		characters are not supported.

    		For example "rw-r-----" means read-write for the user,
    		readable by the group, not accessible by others.  "xx-x-----"
    		would do the same thing.

    		Returns non-zero for success, zero for failure.

    		To read permissions see |getfperm()|.

    setline({lnum}, {text})					*setline()*
    		Set line {lnum} of the current buffer to {text}.  To insert
    		lines use |append()|. To set lines in another buffer use
    		|setbufline()|.

    		{lnum} is used like with |getline()|.
    		When {lnum} is just below the last line the {text} will be
    		added as a new line.

    		If this succeeds, 0 is returned.  If this fails (most likely
    		because {lnum} is invalid) 1 is returned.

    		Example:
    			:call setline(5, strftime("%c"))

     		When {text} is a |List| then line {lnum} and following lines
    		will be set to the items in the list.  Example:
    			:call setline(5, ['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc'])
     		This is equivalent to:
    			:for [n, l] in [[5, 'aaa'], [6, 'bbb'], [7, 'ccc']]
    			:  call setline(n, l)
    			:endfor

     		Note: The '[ and '] marks are not set.

    setloclist({nr}, {list} [, {action} [, {what}]])		*setloclist()*
    		Create or replace or add to the location list for window {nr}.
    		{nr} can be the window number or the |window-ID|.
    		When {nr} is zero the current window is used.

    		For a location list window, the displayed location list is
    		modified.  For an invalid window number {nr}, -1 is returned.
    		Otherwise, same as |setqflist()|.
    		Also see |location-list|.

    		If the optional {what} dictionary argument is supplied, then
    		only the items listed in {what} are set. Refer to |setqflist()|
    		for the list of supported keys in {what}.

    setmatches({list})					*setmatches()*
    		Restores a list of matches saved by |getmatches()|.  Returns 0
    		if successful, otherwise -1.  All current matches are cleared
    		before the list is restored.  See example for |getmatches()|.

    							*setpos()*
    setpos({expr}, {list})
    		Set the position for {expr}.  Possible values:
    			.	the cursor
    			'x	mark x

    		{list} must be a |List| with four or five numbers:
    		    [bufnum, lnum, col, off]
    		    [bufnum, lnum, col, off, curswant]

    		"bufnum" is the buffer number.  Zero can be used for the
    		current buffer.  When setting an uppercase mark "bufnum" is
    		used for the mark position.  For other marks it specifies the
    		buffer to set the mark in.  You can use the |bufnr()| function
    		to turn a file name into a buffer number.
    		For setting the cursor and the '' mark "bufnum" is ignored,
    		since these are associated with a window, not a buffer.
    		Does not change the jumplist.

    		"lnum" and "col" are the position in the buffer.  The first
    		column is 1.  Use a zero "lnum" to delete a mark.  If "col" is
    		smaller than 1 then 1 is used.

    		The "off" number is only used when 'virtualedit' is set. Then
    		it is the offset in screen columns from the start of the
    		character.  E.g., a position within a <Tab> or after the last
    		character.

    		The "curswant" number is only used when setting the cursor
    		position.  It sets the preferred column for when moving the
    		cursor vertically.  When the "curswant" number is missing the
    		preferred column is not set.  When it is present and setting a
    		mark position it is not used.

    		Note that for '< and '> changing the line number may result in
    		the marks to be effectively be swapped, so that '< is always
    		before '>.

    		Returns 0 when the position could be set, -1 otherwise.
    		An error message is given if {expr} is invalid.

    		Also see |getpos()| and |getcurpos()|.

    		This does not restore the preferred column for moving
    		vertically; if you set the cursor position with this, |j| and
    		|k| motions will jump to previous columns!  Use |cursor()| to
    		also set the preferred column.  Also see the "curswant" key in
    		|winrestview()|.

    setqflist({list} [, {action} [, {what}]])		*setqflist()*
    		Create or replace or add to the quickfix list.

    		When {what} is not present, use the items in {list}.  Each
    		item must be a dictionary.  Non-dictionary items in {list} are
    		ignored.  Each dictionary item can contain the following
    		entries:

    		    bufnr	buffer number; must be the number of a valid
    				buffer
    		    filename	name of a file; only used when "bufnr" is not
    				present or it is invalid.
    		    module	name of a module; if given it will be used in
    				quickfix error window instead of the filename.
    		    lnum	line number in the file
    		    pattern	search pattern used to locate the error
    		    col		column number
    		    vcol	when non-zero: "col" is visual column
    				when zero: "col" is byte index
    		    nr		error number
    		    text	description of the error
    		    type	single-character error type, 'E', 'W', etc.
    		    valid	recognized error message

    		The "col", "vcol", "nr", "type" and "text" entries are
    		optional.  Either "lnum" or "pattern" entry can be used to
    		locate a matching error line.
    		If the "filename" and "bufnr" entries are not present or
    		neither the "lnum" or "pattern" entries are present, then the
    		item will not be handled as an error line.
    		If both "pattern" and "lnum" are present then "pattern" will
    		be used.
    		If the "valid" entry is not supplied, then the valid flag is
    		set when "bufnr" is a valid buffer or "filename" exists.
    		If you supply an empty {list}, the quickfix list will be
    		cleared.
    		Note that the list is not exactly the same as what
    		|getqflist()| returns.

    		{action} values:				*E927*
    		'a'	The items from {list} are added to the existing
    			quickfix list. If there is no existing list, then a
    			new list is created.

    		'r'	The items from the current quickfix list are replaced
    			with the items from {list}.  This can also be used to
    			clear the list:
    				:call setqflist([], 'r')

    		'f'	All the quickfix lists in the quickfix stack are
    			freed.

    		If {action} is not present or is set to '' '', then a new list
    		is created. The new quickfix list is added after the current
    		quickfix list in the stack and all the following lists are
    		freed. To add a new quickfix list at the end of the stack,
    		set "nr" in {what} to "$".

    		If the optional {what} dictionary argument is supplied, then
    		only the items listed in {what} are set. The first {list}
    		argument is ignored.  The following items can be specified in
    		{what}:
    		    context	quickfix list context. See |quickfix-context|
    		    efm		errorformat to use when parsing text from
    				"lines". If this is not present, then the
    				'errorformat' option value is used.
    		    id		quickfix list identifier |quickfix-ID|
    		    items	list of quickfix entries. Same as the {list}
    				argument.
    		    lines	use 'errorformat' to parse a list of lines and
    				add the resulting entries to the quickfix list
    				{nr} or {id}.  Only a |List| value is supported.
    		    nr		list number in the quickfix stack; zero
    				means the current quickfix list and "$" means
    				the last quickfix list
    		    title	quickfix list title text
    		Unsupported keys in {what} are ignored.
    		If the "nr" item is not present, then the current quickfix list
    		is modified. When creating a new quickfix list, "nr" can be
    		set to a value one greater than the quickfix stack size.
    		When modifying a quickfix list, to guarantee that the correct
    		list is modified, "id" should be used instead of "nr" to
    		specify the list.

    		Examples (See also |setqflist-examples|):
    		   :call setqflist([], 'r', {'title': 'My search'})
    		   :call setqflist([], 'r', {'nr': 2, 'title': 'Errors'})
    		   :call setqflist([], 'a', {'id':qfid, 'lines':["F1:10:L10"]})

    		Returns zero for success, -1 for failure.

    		This function can be used to create a quickfix list
    		independent of the 'errorformat' setting.  Use a command like
    		`:cc 1` to jump to the first position.

    							*setreg()*
    setreg({regname}, {value} [, {options}])
    		Set the register {regname} to {value}.
    		{value} may be any value returned by |getreg()|, including
    		a |List|.
    		If {options} contains "a" or {regname} is upper case,
    		then the value is appended.
    		{options} can also contain a register type specification:
    		    "c" or "v"	      |characterwise| mode
    		    "l" or "V"	      |linewise| mode
    		    "b" or "<CTRL-V>" |blockwise-visual| mode
    		If a number immediately follows "b" or "<CTRL-V>" then this is
    		used as the width of the selection - if it is not specified
    		then the width of the block is set to the number of characters
    		in the longest line (counting a <Tab> as 1 character).

    		If {options} contains no register settings, then the default
    		is to use character mode unless {value} ends in a <NL> for
    		string {value} and linewise mode for list {value}. Blockwise
    		mode is never selected automatically.
    		Returns zero for success, non-zero for failure.

    							*E883*
    		Note: you may not use |List| containing more than one item to
    		      set search and expression registers. Lists containing no
    		      items act like empty strings.

    		Examples:
    			:call setreg(v:register, @*)
    			:call setreg('*', @%, 'ac')
    			:call setreg('a', "1\n2\n3", 'b5')

     		This example shows using the functions to save and restore a
    		register:
    			:let var_a = getreg('a', 1, 1)
    			:let var_amode = getregtype('a')
    			    ....
    			:call setreg('a', var_a, var_amode)
     		Note: you may not reliably restore register value
    		without using the third argument to |getreg()| as without it
    		newlines are represented as newlines AND Nul bytes are
    		represented as newlines as well, see |NL-used-for-Nul|.

    		You can also change the type of a register by appending
    		nothing:
    			:call setreg('a', '', 'al')

    settabvar({tabnr}, {varname}, {val})			*settabvar()*
    		Set tab-local variable {varname} to {val} in tab page {tabnr}.
    		|t:var|
    		Note that the variable name without "t:" must be used.
    		Tabs are numbered starting with one.
    		This function is not available in the |sandbox|.

    settabwinvar({tabnr}, {winnr}, {varname}, {val})	*settabwinvar()*
    		Set option or local variable {varname} in window {winnr} to
    		{val}.
    		Tabs are numbered starting with one.  For the current tabpage
    		use |setwinvar()|.
    		{winnr} can be the window number or the |window-ID|.
    		When {winnr} is zero the current window is used.
    		This also works for a global or local buffer option, but it
    		doesn't work for a global or local buffer variable.
    		For a local buffer option the global value is unchanged.
    		Note that the variable name without "w:" must be used.
    		Examples:
    			:call settabwinvar(1, 1, "&list", 0)
    			:call settabwinvar(3, 2, "myvar", "foobar")
     		This function is not available in the |sandbox|.

    setwinvar({nr}, {varname}, {val})			*setwinvar()*
    		Like |settabwinvar()| for the current tab page.
    		Examples:
    			:call setwinvar(1, "&list", 0)
    			:call setwinvar(2, "myvar", "foobar")

    sha256({string})						*sha256()*
    		Returns a String with 64 hex characters, which is the SHA256
    		checksum of {string}.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+cryptv| feature}

    shellescape({string} [, {special}])			*shellescape()*
    		Escape {string} for use as a shell command argument.
    		On MS-Windows and MS-DOS, when 'shellslash' is not set, it
    		will enclose {string} in double quotes and double all double
    		quotes within {string}.
    		Otherwise it will enclose {string} in single quotes and
    		replace all "'"' with "'\''"'.

    		When the {special} argument is present and it's a non-zero
    		Number or a non-empty String (|non-zero-arg|), then special
    		items such as "!", "%", "#" and "<cword>" will be preceded by
    		a backslash.  This backslash will be removed again by the |:!|
    		command.

    		The "!" character will be escaped (again with a |non-zero-arg|
    		{special}) when 'shell' contains "csh" in the tail.  That is
    		because for csh and tcsh "!" is used for history replacement
    		even when inside single quotes.

    		With a |non-zero-arg| {special} the <NL> character is also
    		escaped.  When 'shell' containing "csh" in the tail it's
    		escaped a second time.

    		Example of use with a |:!| command:
    		    :exe '!dir ' . shellescape(expand('<cfile>'), 1)
     		This results in a directory listing for the file under the
    		cursor.  Example of use with YXXYsystem()|:
    		    :call system("chmod +w -- " . shellescape(expand("%")))
     		See also |::S|.

    shiftwidth()						*shiftwidth()*
    		Returns the effective value of 'shiftwidth'. This is the
    		'shiftwidth' value unless it is zero, in which case it is the
    		'tabstop' value.  This function was introduced with patch
    		7.3.694 in 2012, everybody should have it by now.

    simplify({filename})					*simplify()*
    		Simplify the file name as much as possible without changing
    		the meaning.  Shortcuts (on MS-Windows) or symbolic links (on
    		Unix) are not resolved.  If the first path component in
    		{filename} designates the current directory, this will be
    		valid for the result as well.  A trailing path separator is
    		not removed either.
    		Example:
    			simplify("./dir/.././/file/") == "./file/"
     		Note: The combination "dir/.." is only removed if "dir" is
    		a searchable directory or does not exist.  On Unix, it is also
    		removed when "dir" is a symbolic link within the same
    		directory.  In order to resolve all the involved symbolic
    		links before simplifying the path name, use |resolve()|.

    sin({expr})						*sin()*
    		Return the sine of {expr}, measured in radians, as a |Float|.
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			:echo sin(100)
     			-0.506366
    			:echo sin(-4.01)
     			0.763301
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    sinh({expr})						*sinh()*
    		Return the hyperbolic sine of {expr} as a |Float| in the range
    		[-inf, inf].
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			:echo sinh(0.5)
     			0.521095
    			:echo sinh(-0.9)
     			-1.026517
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    sort({list} [, {func} [, {dict}]])			*sort()* *E702*
    		Sort the items in {list} in-place.  Returns {list}.

    		If you want a list to remain unmodified make a copy first:
    			:let sortedlist = sort(copy(mylist))

     		When {func} is omitted, is empty or zero, then sort() uses the
    		string representation of each item to sort on.  Numbers sort
    		after Strings, |Lists| after Numbers.  For sorting text in the
    		current buffer use |:sort|.

    		When {func} is given and it is '1' or 'i' then case is
    		ignored.

    		When {func} is given and it is 'n' then all items will be
    		sorted numerical (Implementation detail: This uses the
    		strtod() function to parse numbers, Strings, Lists, Dicts and
    		Funcrefs will be considered as being 0).

    		When {func} is given and it is 'N' then all items will be
    		sorted numerical. This is like 'n' but a string containing
    		digits will be used as the number they represent.

    		When {func} is given and it is 'f' then all items will be
    		sorted numerical. All values must be a Number or a Float.

    		When {func} is a |Funcref| or a function name, this function
    		is called to compare items.  The function is invoked with two
    		items as argument and must return zero if they are equal, 1 or
    		bigger if the first one sorts after the second one, -1 or
    		smaller if the first one sorts before the second one.

    		{dict} is for functions with the "dict" attribute.  It will be
    		used to set the local variable "self". |Dictionary-function|

    		The sort is stable, items which compare equal (as number or as
    		string) will keep their relative position. E.g., when sorting
    		on numbers, text strings will sort next to each other, in the
    		same order as they were originally.

    		Also see |uniq()|.

    		Example:
    			func MyCompare(i1, i2)
    			   return a:i1 == a:i2 ? 0 : a:i1 > a:i2 ? 1 : -1
    			endfunc
    			let sortedlist = sort(mylist, "MyCompare")
     		A shorter compare version for this specific simple case, which
    		ignores overflow:
    			func MyCompare(i1, i2)
    			   return a:i1 - a:i2
    			endfunc

    							*soundfold()*
    soundfold({word})
    		Return the sound-folded equivalent of {word}.  Uses the first
    		language in 'spelllang' for the current window that supports
    		soundfolding.  'spell' must be set.  When no sound folding is
    		possible the {word} is returned unmodified.
    		This can be used for making spelling suggestions.  Note that
    		the method can be quite slow.

    							*spellbadword()*
    spellbadword([{sentence}])
    		Without argument: The result is the badly spelled word under
    		or after the cursor.  The cursor is moved to the start of the
    		bad word.  When no bad word is found in the cursor line the
    		result is an empty string and the cursor doesn't move.

    		With argument: The result is the first word in {sentence} that
    		is badly spelled.  If there are no spelling mistakes the
    		result is an empty string.

    		The return value is a list with two items:
    		- The badly spelled word or an empty string.
    		- The type of the spelling error:
    			"bad"		spelling mistake
    			"rare"		rare word
    			"local"		word only valid in another region
    			"caps"		word should start with Capital
    		Example:
    			echo spellbadword("the quik brown fox")
     			['quik', 'bad']

    		The spelling information for the current window is used.  The
    		'spell' option must be set and the value of 'spelllang' is
    		used.

    							*spellsuggest()*
    spellsuggest({word} [, {max} [, {capital}]])
    		Return a |List| with spelling suggestions to replace {word}.
    		When {max} is given up to this number of suggestions are
    		returned.  Otherwise up to 25 suggestions are returned.

    		When the {capital} argument is given and it's non-zero only
    		suggestions with a leading capital will be given.  Use this
    		after a match with 'spellcapcheck'.

    		{word} can be a badly spelled word followed by other text.
    		This allows for joining two words that were split.  The
    		suggestions also include the following text, thus you can
    		replace a line.

    		{word} may also be a good word.  Similar words will then be
    		returned.  {word} itself is not included in the suggestions,
    		although it may appear capitalized.

    		The spelling information for the current window is used.  The
    		'spell' option must be set and the values of 'spelllang' and
    		'spellsuggest' are used.

    split({expr} [, {pattern} [, {keepempty}]])			*split()*
    		Make a |List| out of {expr}.  When {pattern} is omitted or
    		empty each white-separated sequence of characters becomes an
    		item.
    		Otherwise the string is split where {pattern} matches,
    		removing the matched characters. 'ignorecase' is not used
    		here, add \c to ignore case. |/\c|
    		When the first or last item is empty it is omitted, unless the
    		{keepempty} argument is given and it's non-zero.
    		Other empty items are kept when {pattern} matches at least one
    		character or when {keepempty} is non-zero.
    		Example:
    			:let words = split(getline('.'), '\W\+')
     		To split a string in individual characters:
    			:for c in split(mystring, '\zs')
     		If you want to keep the separator you can also use '\zs' at
    		the end of the pattern:
    			:echo split('abc:def:ghi', ':\zs')
     			['abc:', 'def:', 'ghi']
    		Splitting a table where the first element can be empty:
    			:let items = split(line, ':', 1)
     		The opposite function is |join()|.

    sqrt({expr})						*sqrt()*
    		Return the non-negative square root of Float {expr} as a
    		|Float|.
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.  When {expr}
    		is negative the result is NaN (Not a Number).
    		Examples:
    			:echo sqrt(100)
     			10.0
    			:echo sqrt(-4.01)
     			nan
    		"nan" may be different, it depends on system libraries.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    str2float({expr})					*str2float()*
    		Convert String {expr} to a Float.  This mostly works the same
    		as when using a floating point number in an expression, see
    		|floating-point-format|.  But it's a bit more permissive.
    		E.g., "1e40" is accepted, while in an expression you need to
    		write "1.0e40".
    		Text after the number is silently ignored.
    		The decimal point is always '.', no matter what the locale is
    		set to.  A comma ends the number: "12,345.67" is converted to
    		12.0.  You can strip out thousands separators with
    		YXXYsubstitute()|:
    			let f = str2float(substitute(text, ',', '', 'g'))
     		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    str2nr({expr} [, {base}])				*str2nr()*
    		Convert string {expr} to a number.
    		{base} is the conversion base, it can be 2, 8, 10 or 16.
    		When {base} is omitted base 10 is used.  This also means that
    		a leading zero doesn't cause octal conversion to be used, as
    		with the default String to Number conversion.
    		When {base} is 16 a leading "0x" or "0X" is ignored.  With a
    		different base the result will be zero.  Similarly, when
    		{base} is 8 a leading "0" is ignored, and when {base} is 2 a
    		leading "0b" or "0B" is ignored.
    		Text after the number is silently ignored.

    strchars({expr} [, {skipcc}])					*strchars()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the number of characters
    		in String {expr}.
    		When {skipcc} is omitted or zero, composing characters are
    		counted separately.
    		When {skipcc} set to 1, Composing characters are ignored.
    		Also see |strlen()|, |strdisplaywidth()| and |strwidth()|.

    		{skipcc} is only available after 7.4.755.  For backward
    		compatibility, you can define a wrapper function:
    		    if has("patch-7.4.755")
    		      function s:strchars(str, skipcc)
    			return strchars(a:str, a:skipcc)
    		      endfunction
    		    else
    		      function s:strchars(str, skipcc)
    			if a:skipcc
    			  return strlen(substitute(a:str, ".", "x", "g"))
    			else
    			  return strchars(a:str)
    			endif
    		      endfunction
    		    endif

    strcharpart({src}, {start} [, {len}])			*strcharpart()*
    		Like |strpart()| but using character index and length instead
    		of byte index and length.
    		When a character index is used where a character does not
    		exist it is assumed to be one character.  For example:
    			strcharpart('abc', -1, 2)
     		results in 'a'.

    strdisplaywidth({expr} [, {col}])			*strdisplaywidth()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the number of display cells
    		String {expr} occupies on the screen when it starts at {col}.
    		When {col} is omitted zero is used.  Otherwise it is the
    		screen column where to start.  This matters for Tab
    		characters.
    		The option settings of the current window are used.  This
    		matters for anything that's displayed differently, such as
    		'tabstop' and 'display'.
    		When {expr} contains characters with East Asian Width Class
    		Ambiguous, this function's return value depends on 'ambiwidth'.
    		Also see |strlen()|, |strwidth()| and |strchars()|.

    strftime({format} [, {time}])				*strftime()*
    		The result is a String, which is a formatted date and time, as
    		specified by the {format} string.  The given {time} is used,
    		or the current time if no time is given.  The accepted
    		{format} depends on your system, thus this is not portable!
    		See the manual page of the C function strftime() for the
    		format.  The maximum length of the result is 80 characters.
    		See also |localtime()| and |getftime()|.
    		The language can be changed with the |:language| command.
    		Examples:
    		  :echo strftime("%c")		   Sun Apr 27 11:49:23 1997
    		  :echo strftime("%Y %b %d %X")	   1997 Apr 27 11:53:25
    		  :echo strftime("%y%m%d %T")	   970427 11:53:55
    		  :echo strftime("%H:%M")	   11:55
    		  :echo strftime("%c", getftime("file.c"))
    						   Show mod time of file.c.
     		Not available on all systems.  To check use:
    			:if exists("*strftime")

    strgetchar({str}, {index})				*strgetchar()*
    		Get character {index} from {str}.  This uses a character
    		index, not a byte index.  Composing characters are considered
    		separate characters here.
    		Also see |strcharpart()| and |strchars()|.

    stridx({haystack}, {needle} [, {start}])		*stridx()*
    		The result is a Number, which gives the byte index in
    		{haystack} of the first occurrence of the String {needle}.
    		If {start} is specified, the search starts at index {start}.
    		This can be used to find a second match:
    			:let colon1 = stridx(line, ":")
    			:let colon2 = stridx(line, ":", colon1 + 1)
     		The search is done case-sensitive.
    		For pattern searches use |match()|.
    		-1 is returned if the {needle} does not occur in {haystack}.
    		See also |strridx()|.
    		Examples:
    		  :echo stridx("An Example", "Example")	     3
    		  :echo stridx("Starting point", "Start")    0
    		  :echo stridx("Starting point", "start")   -1

     						*strstr()* *strchr()*
    		stridx() works similar to the C function strstr().  When used
    		with a single character it works similar to strchr().

    							*string()*
    string({expr})	Return {expr} converted to a String.  If {expr} is a Number,
    		Float, String or a composition of them, then the result can be
    		parsed back with |eval()|.
    			{expr} type	result
    			String		'string' (single quotes are doubled)
    			Number		123
    			Float		123.123456 or 1.123456e8
    			Funcref		function('name')
    			List		[item, item]
    			Dictionary	{key: value, key: value}

    		When a List or Dictionary has a recursive reference it is
    		replaced by "[...]" or "{...}".  Using eval() on the result
    		will then fail.

    		Also see |strtrans()|.

    							*strlen()*
    strlen({expr})	The result is a Number, which is the length of the String
    		{expr} in bytes.
    		If the argument is a Number it is first converted to a String.
    		For other types an error is given.
    		If you want to count the number of multi-byte characters use
    		|strchars()|.
    		Also see |len()|, |strdisplaywidth()| and |strwidth()|.

    strpart({src}, {start} [, {len}])			*strpart()*
    		The result is a String, which is part of {src}, starting from
    		byte {start}, with the byte length {len}.
    		To count characters instead of bytes use |strcharpart()|.

    		When bytes are selected which do not exist, this doesn't
    		result in an error, the bytes are simply omitted.
    		If {len} is missing, the copy continues from {start} till the
    		end of the {src}.
    			strpart("abcdefg", 3, 2)    == "de"
    			strpart("abcdefg", -2, 4)   == "ab"
    			strpart("abcdefg", 5, 4)    == "fg"
    			strpart("abcdefg", 3)	    == "defg"

     		Note: To get the first character, {start} must be 0.  For
    		example, to get three bytes under and after the cursor:
    			strpart(getline("."), col(".") - 1, 3)

    strridx({haystack}, {needle} [, {start}])			*strridx()*
    		The result is a Number, which gives the byte index in
    		{haystack} of the last occurrence of the String {needle}.
    		When {start} is specified, matches beyond this index are
    		ignored.  This can be used to find a match before a previous
    		match:
    			:let lastcomma = strridx(line, ",")
    			:let comma2 = strridx(line, ",", lastcomma - 1)
     		The search is done case-sensitive.
    		For pattern searches use |match()|.
    		-1 is returned if the {needle} does not occur in {haystack}.
    		If the {needle} is empty the length of {haystack} is returned.
    		See also |stridx()|.  Examples:
    		  :echo strridx("an angry armadillo", "an")	     3

     							*strrchr()*
    		When used with a single character it works similar to the C
    		function strrchr().

    strtrans({expr})					*strtrans()*
    		The result is a String, which is {expr} with all unprintable
    		characters translated into printable characters |'isprint'|.
    		Like they are shown in a window.  Example:
    			echo strtrans(@a)
     		This displays a newline in register a as "^@" instead of
    		starting a new line.

    strwidth({expr})					*strwidth()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the number of display cells
    		String {expr} occupies.  A Tab character is counted as one
    		cell, alternatively use |strdisplaywidth()|.
    		When {expr} contains characters with East Asian Width Class
    		Ambiguous, this function's return value depends on 'ambiwidth'.
    		Also see |strlen()|, |strdisplaywidth()| and |strchars()|.

    submatch({nr} [, {list}])			*submatch()* *E935*
    		Only for an expression in a |:substitute| command or
    		substitute() function.
    		Returns the {nr}'th submatch of the matched text.  When {nr}
    		is 0 the whole matched text is returned.
    		Note that a NL in the string can stand for a line break of a
    		multi-line match or a NUL character in the text.
    		Also see |sub-replace-expression|.

    		If {list} is present and non-zero then submatch() returns
    		a list of strings, similar to |getline()| with two arguments.
    		NL characters in the text represent NUL characters in the
    		text.
    		Only returns more than one item for |:substitute|, inside
    		|substitute()| this list will always contain one or zero
    		items, since there are no real line breaks.

    		When substitute() is used recursively only the submatches in
    		the current (deepest) call can be obtained.

    		Examples:
    			:s/\d\+/\=submatch(0) + 1/
    			:echo substitute(text, '\d\+', '\=submatch(0) + 1', '')
     		This finds the first number in the line and adds one to it.
    		A line break is included as a newline character.

    substitute({expr}, {pat}, {sub}, {flags})		*substitute()*
    		The result is a String, which is a copy of {expr}, in which
    		the first match of {pat} is replaced with {sub}.
    		When {flags} is "g", all matches of {pat} in {expr} are
    		replaced.  Otherwise {flags} should be "".

    		This works like the ":substitute" command (without any flags).
    		But the matching with {pat} is always done like the 'magic'
    		option is set and 'cpoptions' is empty (to make scripts
    		portable).  'ignorecase' is still relevant, use |/\c| or |/\C|
    		if you want to ignore or match case and ignore 'ignorecase'.
    		'smartcase' is not used.  See |string-match| for how {pat} is
    		used.

    		A "~" in {sub} is not replaced with the previous {sub}.
    		Note that some codes in {sub} have a special meaning
    		|sub-replace-special|.  For example, to replace something with
    		"\n" (two characters), use "\\\\n" or '\\n'.

    		When {pat} does not match in {expr}, {expr} is returned
    		unmodified.

    		Example:
    		   :let &path = substitute(&path, ",\\=[^,]*$", "", "")
     		This removes the last component of the 'path' option.
    		   :echo substitute("testing", ".*", "\\U\\0", "")
     		results in "TESTING".

    		When {sub} starts with "\=", the remainder is interpreted as
    		an expression. See |sub-replace-expression|.  Example:
    		   :echo substitute(s, '%\(\x\x\)',
    			   \ '\=nr2char("0x" . submatch(1))', 'g')

     		When {sub} is a Funcref that function is called, with one
    		optional argument.  Example:
    		   :echo substitute(s, '%\(\x\x\)', SubNr, 'g')
     		The optional argument is a list which contains the whole
    		matched string and up to nine submatches, like what
    		|submatch()| returns.  Example:
    		   :echo substitute(s, '%\(\x\x\)', {m -> '0x' . m[1]}, 'g')

    synID({lnum}, {col}, {trans})				*synID()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the syntax ID at the position
    		{lnum} and {col} in the current window.
    		The syntax ID can be used with |synIDattr()| and
    		|synIDtrans()| to obtain syntax information about text.

    		{col} is 1 for the leftmost column, {lnum} is 1 for the first
    		line.  'synmaxcol' applies, in a longer line zero is returned.
    		Note that when the position is after the last character,
    		that's where the cursor can be in Insert mode, synID() returns
    		zero.

    		When {trans} is |TRUE|, transparent items are reduced to the
    		item that they reveal.  This is useful when wanting to know
    		the effective color.  When {trans} is |FALSE|, the transparent
    		item is returned.  This is useful when wanting to know which
    		syntax item is effective (e.g. inside parens).
    		Warning: This function can be very slow.  Best speed is
    		obtained by going through the file in forward direction.

    		Example (echoes the name of the syntax item under the cursor):
    			:echo synIDattr(synID(line("."), col("."), 1), "name")

    synIDattr({synID}, {what} [, {mode}])			*synIDattr()*
    		The result is a String, which is the {what} attribute of
    		syntax ID {synID}.  This can be used to obtain information
    		about a syntax item.
    		{mode} can be "gui", "cterm" or "term", to get the attributes
    		for that mode.  When {mode} is omitted, or an invalid value is
    		used, the attributes for the currently active highlighting are
    		used (GUI, cterm or term).
    		Use synIDtrans() to follow linked highlight groups.
    		{what}		result
    		"name"		the name of the syntax item
    		"fg"		foreground color (GUI: color name used to set
    				the color, cterm: color number as a string,
    				term: empty string)
    		"bg"		background color (as with "fg")
    		"font"		font name (only available in the GUI)
    				|highlight-font|
    		"sp"		special color (as with "fg") |highlight-guisp|
    		"fg#"		like "fg", but for the GUI and the GUI is
    				running the name in "#RRGGBB" form
    		"bg#"		like "fg#" for "bg"
    		"sp#"		like "fg#" for "sp"
    		"bold"		"1" if bold
    		"italic"	"1" if italic
    		"reverse"	"1" if reverse
    		"inverse"	"1" if inverse (= reverse)
    		"standout"	"1" if standout
    		"underline"	"1" if underlined
    		"undercurl"	"1" if undercurled
    		"strike"	"1" if strikethrough

    		Example (echoes the color of the syntax item under the
    		cursor):
    	:echo synIDattr(synIDtrans(synID(line("."), col("."), 1)), "fg")

    synIDtrans({synID})					*synIDtrans()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the translated syntax ID of
    		{synID}.  This is the syntax group ID of what is being used to
    		highlight the character.  Highlight links given with
    		":highlight link" are followed.

    synconcealed({lnum}, {col})				*synconcealed()*
    		The result is a List with currently three items:
    		1. The first item in the list is 0 if the character at the
    		   position {lnum} and {col} is not part of a concealable
    		   region, 1 if it is.
    		2. The second item in the list is a string. If the first item
    		   is 1, the second item contains the text which will be
    		   displayed in place of the concealed text, depending on the
    		   current setting of 'conceallevel' and 'listchars'.
    		3. The third and final item in the list is a number
    		   representing the specific syntax region matched in the
    		   line. When the character is not concealed the value is
    		   zero. This allows detection of the beginning of a new
    		   concealable region if there are two consecutive regions
    		   with the same replacement character.  For an example, if
    		   the text is "123456" and both "23" and "45" are concealed
    		   and replace by the character "X", then:
    			call			returns
    			synconcealed(lnum, 1)   [0, '', 0]
    			synconcealed(lnum, 2)   [1, 'X', 1]
    			synconcealed(lnum, 3)   [1, 'X', 1]
    			synconcealed(lnum, 4)   [1, 'X', 2]
    			synconcealed(lnum, 5)   [1, 'X', 2]
    			synconcealed(lnum, 6)   [0, '', 0]

    synstack({lnum}, {col})					*synstack()*
    		Return a |List|, which is the stack of syntax items at the
    		position {lnum} and {col} in the current window.  Each item in
    		the List is an ID like what |synID()| returns.
    		The first item in the List is the outer region, following are
    		items contained in that one.  The last one is what |synID()|
    		returns, unless not the whole item is highlighted or it is a
    		transparent item.
    		This function is useful for debugging a syntax file.
    		Example that shows the syntax stack under the cursor:
    			for id in synstack(line("."), col("."))
    			   echo synIDattr(id, "name")
    			endfor
     		When the position specified with {lnum} and {col} is invalid
    		nothing is returned.  The position just after the last
    		character in a line and the first column in an empty line are
    		valid positions.

    system({expr} [, {input}])				*system()* *E677*
    		Get the output of the shell command {expr} as a string.  See
    		|systemlist()| to get the output as a List.

    		When {input} is given and is a string this string is written
    		to a file and passed as stdin to the command.  The string is
    		written as-is, you need to take care of using the correct line
    		separators yourself.
    		If {input} is given and is a |List| it is written to the file
    		in a way |writefile()| does with {binary} set to "b" (i.e.
    		with a newline between each list item with newlines inside
    		list items converted to NULs).
    		When {input} is given and is a number that is a valid id for
    		an existing buffer then the content of the buffer is written
    		to the file line by line, each line terminated by a NL and
    		NULs characters where the text has a NL.

    		Pipes are not used, the 'shelltemp' option is not used.

    		When prepended by |:silent| the terminal will not be set to
    		cooked mode.  This is meant to be used for commands that do
    		not need the user to type.  It avoids stray characters showing
    		up on the screen which require |CTRL-L| to remove.
    			:silent let f = system('ls *.vim')

    		Note: Use |shellescape()| or |::S| with |expand()| or
    		|fnamemodify()| to escape special characters in a command
    		argument.  Newlines in {expr} may cause the command to fail.
    		The characters in 'shellquote' and 'shellxquote' may also
    		cause trouble.
    		This is not to be used for interactive commands.

    		The result is a String.  Example:
    		    :let files = system("ls " .  shellescape(expand('%:h')))
    		    :let files = system('ls ' . expand('%:h:S'))

     		To make the result more system-independent, the shell output
    		is filtered to replace <CR> with <NL> for Macintosh, and
    		<CR><NL> with <NL> for DOS-like systems.
    		To avoid the string being truncated at a NUL, all NUL
    		characters are replaced with SOH (0x01).

    		The command executed is constructed using several options:
    	'shell' 'shellcmdflag' 'shellxquote' {expr} 'shellredir' {tmp} 'shellxquote'
    		({tmp} is an automatically generated file name).
    		For Unix and OS/2 braces are put around {expr} to allow for
    		concatenated commands.

    		The command will be executed in "cooked" mode, so that a
    		CTRL-C will interrupt the command (on Unix at least).

    		The resulting error code can be found in |v:shell_error|.
    		This function will fail in |restricted-mode|.

    		Note that any wrong value in the options mentioned above may
    		make the function fail.  It has also been reported to fail
    		when using a security agent application.
    		Unlike ":!cmd" there is no automatic check for changed files.
    		Use |:checktime| to force a check.

    systemlist({expr} [, {input}])				*systemlist()*
    		Same as |system()|, but returns a |List| with lines (parts of
    		output separated by NL) with NULs transformed into NLs. Output
    		is the same as |readfile()| will output with {binary} argument
    		set to "b".  Note that on MS-Windows you may get trailing CR
    		characters.

    		Returns an empty string on error.

    tabpagebuflist([{arg}])					*tabpagebuflist()*
    		The result is a |List|, where each item is the number of the
    		buffer associated with each window in the current tab page.
    		{arg} specifies the number of the tab page to be used. When
    		omitted the current tab page is used.
    		When {arg} is invalid the number zero is returned.
    		To get a list of all buffers in all tabs use this:
    			let buflist = []
    			for i in range(tabpagenr('$'))
    			   call extend(buflist, tabpagebuflist(i + 1))
    			endfor
     		Note that a buffer may appear in more than one window.

    tabpagenr([{arg}])					*tabpagenr()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the number of the current
    		tab page.  The first tab page has number 1.
    		When the optional argument is "$", the number of the last tab
    		page is returned (the tab page count).
    		The number can be used with the |:tab| command.

    tabpagewinnr({tabarg} [, {arg}])			*tabpagewinnr()*
    		Like |winnr()| but for tab page {tabarg}.
    		{tabarg} specifies the number of tab page to be used.
    		{arg} is used like with YXXYwinnr()|:
    		- When omitted the current window number is returned.  This is
    		  the window which will be used when going to this tab page.
    		- When "$" the number of windows is returned.
    		- When "#" the previous window nr is returned.
    		Useful examples:
    		    tabpagewinnr(1)	    " current window of tab page 1
    		    tabpagewinnr(4, '$')    " number of windows in tab page 4
     		When {tabarg} is invalid zero is returned.

    							*tagfiles()*
    tagfiles()	Returns a |List| with the file names used to search for tags
    		for the current buffer.  This is the 'tags' option expanded.

    taglist({expr} [, {filename}])				*taglist()*
    		Returns a list of tags matching the regular expression {expr}.

    		If {filename} is passed it is used to prioritize the results
    		in the same way that |:tselect| does. See |tag-priority|.
    		{filename} should be the full path of the file.

    		Each list item is a dictionary with at least the following
    		entries:
    			name		Name of the tag.
    			filename	Name of the file where the tag is
    					defined.  It is either relative to the
    					current directory or a full path.
    			cmd		Ex command used to locate the tag in
    					the file.
    			kind		Type of the tag.  The value for this
    					entry depends on the language specific
    					kind values.  Only available when
    					using a tags file generated by
    					Exuberant ctags or hdrtag.
    			static		A file specific tag.  Refer to
    					|static-tag| for more information.
    		More entries may be present, depending on the content of the
    		tags file: access, implementation, inherits and signature.
    		Refer to the ctags documentation for information about these
    		fields.  For C code the fields "struct", "class" and "enum"
    		may appear, they give the name of the entity the tag is
    		contained in.

    		The ex-command "cmd" can be either an ex search pattern, a
    		line number or a line number followed by a byte number.

    		If there are no matching tags, then an empty list is returned.

    		To get an exact tag match, the anchors '^' and '$' should be
    		used in {expr}.  This also make the function work faster.
    		Refer to |tag-regexp| for more information about the tag
    		search regular expression pattern.

    		Refer to |'tags'| for information about how the tags file is
    		located by Vim. Refer to |tags-file-format| for the format of
    		the tags file generated by the different ctags tools.

    tan({expr})						*tan()*
    		Return the tangent of {expr}, measured in radians, as a |Float|
    		in the range [-inf, inf].
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			:echo tan(10)
     			0.648361
    			:echo tan(-4.01)
     			-1.181502
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    tanh({expr})						*tanh()*
    		Return the hyperbolic tangent of {expr} as a |Float| in the
    		range [-1, 1].
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			:echo tanh(0.5)
     			0.462117
    			:echo tanh(-1)
     			-0.761594
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    tempname()					*tempname()* *temp-file-name*
    		The result is a String, which is the name of a file that
    		doesn't exist.  It can be used for a temporary file.  The name
    		is different for at least 26 consecutive calls.  Example:
    			:let tmpfile = tempname()
    			:exe "redir > " . tmpfile
     		For Unix, the file will be in a private directory |tempfile|.
    		For MS-Windows forward slashes are used when the 'shellslash'
    		option is set or when 'shellcmdflag' starts with '-'.

    							*term_dumpdiff()*
    term_dumpdiff({filename}, {filename} [, {options}])
    		Open a new window displaying the difference between the two
    		files.  The files must have been created with
    		|term_dumpwrite()|.
    		Returns the buffer number or zero when the diff fails.
    		Also see |terminal-diff|.
    		NOTE: this does not work with double-width characters yet.

    		The top part of the buffer contains the contents of the first
    		file, the bottom part of the buffer contains the contents of
    		the second file.  The middle part shows the differences.
    		The parts are separated by a line of dashes.

    		If the {options} argument is present, it must be a Dict with
    		these possible members:
    		   "term_name"	     name to use for the buffer name, instead
    				     of the first file name.
    		   "term_rows"	     vertical size to use for the terminal,
    				     instead of using 'termwinsize'
    		   "term_cols"	     horizontal size to use for the terminal,
    				     instead of using 'termwinsize'
    		   "vertical"	     split the window vertically
    		   "curwin"	     use the current window, do not split the
    				     window; fails if the current buffer
    				     cannot be YXXYabandon|ed
    		   "norestore"	     do not add the terminal window to a
    				     session file

    		Each character in the middle part indicates a difference. If
    		there are multiple differences only the first in this list is
    		used:
    			X	different character
    			w	different width
    			f	different foreground color
    			b	different background color
    			a	different attribute
    			+	missing position in first file
    			-	missing position in second file

    		Using the "s" key the top and bottom parts are swapped.  This
    		makes it easy to spot a difference.

    							*term_dumpload()*
    term_dumpload({filename} [, {options}])
    		Open a new window displaying the contents of {filename}
    		The file must have been created with |term_dumpwrite()|.
    		Returns the buffer number or zero when it fails.
    		Also see |terminal-diff|.

    		For {options} see |term_dumpdiff()|.

    							*term_dumpwrite()*
    term_dumpwrite({buf}, {filename} [, {options}])
    		Dump the contents of the terminal screen of {buf} in the file
    		{filename}.  This uses a format that can be used with
    		|term_dumpload()| and |term_dumpdiff()|.

    		If {filename} already exists an error is given.	*E953*
    		Also see |terminal-diff|.

    		{options} is a dictionary with these optional entries:
    			"rows"		maximum number of rows to dump
    			"columns"	maximum number of columns to dump

    term_getaltscreen({buf})				*term_getaltscreen()*
    		Returns 1 if the terminal of {buf} is using the alternate
    		screen.
    		{buf} is used as with |term_getsize()|.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_getansicolors({buf})				*term_getansicolors()*
    		Get the ANSI color palette in use by terminal {buf}.
    		Returns a List of length 16 where each element is a String
    		representing a color in hexadecimal "#rrggbb" format.
    		Also see |term_setansicolors()| and |g:terminal_ansi_colors|.
    		If neither was used returns the default colors.

    		{buf} is used as with |term_getsize()|.  If the buffer does not
    		exist or is not a terminal window, an empty list is returned.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature and
    		with GUI enabled and/or the |+termguicolors| feature}

    term_getattr({attr}, {what})				*term_getattr()*
    		Given {attr}, a value returned by term_scrape() in the "attr"
    		item, return whether {what} is on.  {what} can be one of:
    			bold
    			italic
    			underline
    			strike
    			reverse
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_getcursor({buf})					*term_getcursor()*
    		Get the cursor position of terminal {buf}. Returns a list with
    		two numbers and a dictionary: [row, col, dict].

    		"row" and "col" are one based, the first screen cell is row
    		1, column 1.  This is the cursor position of the terminal
    		itself, not of the Vim window.

    		"dict" can have these members:
    		   "visible"	one when the cursor is visible, zero when it
    				is hidden.
    		   "blink"	one when the cursor is visible, zero when it
    				is hidden.
    		   "shape"	1 for a block cursor, 2 for underline and 3
    				for a vertical bar.

    		{buf} must be the buffer number of a terminal window. If the
    		buffer does not exist or is not a terminal window, an empty
    		list is returned.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_getjob({buf})					*term_getjob()*
    		Get the Job associated with terminal window {buf}.
    		{buf} is used as with |term_getsize()|.
    		Returns |v:null| when there is no job.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_getline({buf}, {row})				*term_getline()*
    		Get a line of text from the terminal window of {buf}.
    		{buf} is used as with |term_getsize()|.

    		The first line has {row} one.  When {row} is "." the cursor
    		line is used.  When {row} is invalid an empty string is
    		returned.

    		To get attributes of each character use |term_scrape()|.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_getscrolled({buf})					*term_getscrolled()*
    		Return the number of lines that scrolled to above the top of
    		terminal {buf}.  This is the offset between the row number
    		used for |term_getline()| and |getline()|, so that:
    			term_getline(buf, N)
     		is equal to:
    			`getline(N + term_getscrolled(buf))
     		(if that line exists).

    		{buf} is used as with |term_getsize()|.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_getsize({buf})					*term_getsize()*
    		Get the size of terminal {buf}. Returns a list with two
    		numbers: [rows, cols].  This is the size of the terminal, not
    		the window containing the terminal.

    		{buf} must be the buffer number of a terminal window.  Use an
    		empty string for the current buffer.  If the buffer does not
    		exist or is not a terminal window, an empty list is returned.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_getstatus({buf})					*term_getstatus()*
    		Get the status of terminal {buf}. This returns a comma
    		separated list of these items:
    			running		job is running
    			finished	job has finished
    			normal		in Terminal-Normal mode
    		One of "running" or "finished" is always present.

    		{buf} must be the buffer number of a terminal window. If the
    		buffer does not exist or is not a terminal window, an empty
    		string is returned.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_gettitle({buf})					*term_gettitle()*
    		Get the title of terminal {buf}. This is the title that the
    		job in the terminal has set.

    		{buf} must be the buffer number of a terminal window. If the
    		buffer does not exist or is not a terminal window, an empty
    		string is returned.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_gettty({buf} [, {input}])				*term_gettty()*
    		Get the name of the controlling terminal associated with
    		terminal window {buf}.  {buf} is used as with |term_getsize()|.

    		When {input} is omitted or 0, return the name for writing
    		(stdout). When {input} is 1 return the name for reading
    		(stdin). On UNIX, both return same name.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_list()						*term_list()*
    		Return a list with the buffer numbers of all buffers for
    		terminal windows.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_scrape({buf}, {row})				*term_scrape()*
    		Get the contents of {row} of terminal screen of {buf}.
    		For {buf} see |term_getsize()|.

    		The first line has {row} one.  When {row} is "." the cursor
    		line is used.  When {row} is invalid an empty string is
    		returned.

    		Return a List containing a Dict for each screen cell:
    		    "chars"	character(s) at the cell
    		    "fg"	foreground color as #rrggbb
    		    "bg"	background color as #rrggbb
    		    "attr"	attributes of the cell, use |term_getattr()|
    				to get the individual flags
    		    "width"	cell width: 1 or 2
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_sendkeys({buf}, {keys})				*term_sendkeys()*
    		Send keystrokes {keys} to terminal {buf}.
    		{buf} is used as with |term_getsize()|.

    		{keys} are translated as key sequences. For example, "\<c-x>"
    		means the character CTRL-X.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_setansicolors({buf}, {colors})			*term_setansicolors()*
    		Set the ANSI color palette used by terminal {buf}.
    		{colors} must be a List of 16 valid color names or hexadecimal
    		color codes, like those accepted by |highlight-guifg|.
    		Also see |term_getansicolors()| and |g:terminal_ansi_colors|.

    		The colors normally are:
    			0    black
    			1    dark red
    			2    dark green
    			3    brown
    			4    dark blue
    			5    dark magenta
    			6    dark cyan
    			7    light grey
    			8    dark grey
    			9    red
    			10   green
    			11   yellow
    			12   blue
    			13   magenta
    			14   cyan
    			15   white

    		These colors are used in the GUI and in the terminal when
    		'termguicolors' is set.  When not using GUI colors (GUI mode
    		or 'termguicolors'), the terminal window always uses the 16
    		ANSI colors of the underlying terminal.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature and
    		with GUI enabled and/or the |+termguicolors| feature}

    term_setkill({buf}, {how})				*term_setkill()*
    		When exiting Vim or trying to close the terminal window in
    		another way, {how} defines whether the job in the terminal can
    		be stopped.
    		When {how} is empty (the default), the job will not be
    		stopped, trying to exit will result in |E947|.
    		Otherwise, {how} specifies what signal to send to the job.
    		See |job_stop()| for the values.

    		After sending the signal Vim will wait for up to a second to
    		check that the job actually stopped.

    term_setrestore({buf}, {command})			*term_setrestore()*
    		Set the command to write in a session file to restore the job
    		in this terminal.  The line written in the session file is:
    			terminal ++curwin ++cols=%d ++rows=%d {command}
     		Make sure to escape the command properly.

    		Use an empty {command} to run 'shell'.
    		Use "NONE" to not restore this window.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_setsize({buf}, {rows}, {cols})		*term_setsize()* *E955*
    		Set the size of terminal {buf}. The size of the window
    		containing the terminal will also be adjusted, if possible.
    		If {rows} or {cols} is zero or negative, that dimension is not
    		changed.

    		{buf} must be the buffer number of a terminal window.  Use an
    		empty string for the current buffer.  If the buffer does not
    		exist or is not a terminal window, an error is given.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_start({cmd}, {options})				*term_start()*
    		Open a terminal window and run {cmd} in it.

    		{cmd} can be a string or a List, like with |job_start()|. The
    		string "NONE" can be used to open a terminal window without
    		starting a job, the pty of the terminal can be used by a
    		command like gdb.

    		Returns the buffer number of the terminal window.  If {cmd}
    		cannot be executed the window does open and shows an error
    		message.
    		If opening the window fails zero is returned.

    		{options} are similar to what is used for |job_start()|, see
    		|job-options|.  However, not all options can be used.  These
    		are supported:
    		   all timeout options
    		   "stoponexit"
    		   "callback", "out_cb", "err_cb"
    		   "exit_cb", "close_cb"
    		   "in_io", "in_top", "in_bot", "in_name", "in_buf"
    		   "out_io", "out_name", "out_buf", "out_modifiable", "out_msg"
    		   "err_io", "err_name", "err_buf", "err_modifiable", "err_msg"
    		However, at least one of stdin, stdout or stderr must be
    		connected to the terminal.  When I/O is connected to the
    		terminal then the callback function for that part is not used.

    		There are extra options:
    		   "term_name"	     name to use for the buffer name, instead
    				     of the command name.
    		   "term_rows"	     vertical size to use for the terminal,
    				     instead of using 'termwinsize'
    		   "term_cols"	     horizontal size to use for the terminal,
    				     instead of using 'termwinsize'
    		   "vertical"	     split the window vertically
    		   "curwin"	     use the current window, do not split the
    				     window; fails if the current buffer
    				     cannot be YXXYabandon|ed
    		   "hidden"	     do not open a window
    		   "norestore"	     do not add the terminal window to a
    				     session file
    		   "term_kill"	     what to do when trying to close the
    				     terminal window, see |term_setkill()|
    		   "term_finish"     What to do when the job is finished:
    					"close": close any windows
    					"open": open window if needed
    				     Note that "open" can be interruptive.
    				     See |term++close| and |term++open|.
    		   "term_opencmd"    command to use for opening the window when
    				     "open" is used for "term_finish"; must
    				     have "%d" where the buffer number goes,
    				     e.g. "10split|buffer %d"; when not
    				     specified "botright sbuf %d" is used
    		   "eof_chars"	     Text to send after all buffer lines were
    				     written to the terminal.  When not set
    				     CTRL-D is used on MS-Windows. For Python
    				     use CTRL-Z or "exit()". For a shell use
    				     "exit".  A CR is always added.
    		   "ansi_colors"     A list of 16 color names or hex codes
    				     defining the ANSI palette used in GUI
    				     color modes.  See |g:terminal_ansi_colors|.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    term_wait({buf} [, {time}])					*term_wait()*
    		Wait for pending updates of {buf} to be handled.
    		{buf} is used as with |term_getsize()|.
    		{time} is how long to wait for updates to arrive in msec.  If
    		not set then 10 msec will be used.
    		{only available when compiled with the |+terminal| feature}

    test_alloc_fail({id}, {countdown}, {repeat})		*test_alloc_fail()*
    		This is for testing: If the memory allocation with {id} is
    		called, then decrement {countdown}, and when it reaches zero
    		let memory allocation fail {repeat} times.  When {repeat} is
    		smaller than one it fails one time.

    test_autochdir()					*test_autochdir()*
    		Set a flag to enable the effect of 'autochdir' before Vim
    		startup has finished.

    test_feedinput({string})				*test_feedinput()*
    		Characters in {string} are queued for processing as if they
    		were typed by the user. This uses a low level input buffer.
    		This function works only when with |+unix| or GUI is running.

    test_garbagecollect_now()			 *test_garbagecollect_now()*
    		Like garbagecollect(), but executed right away.  This must
    		only be called directly to avoid any structure to exist
    		internally, and |v:testing| must have been set before calling
    		any function.

    test_ignore_error({expr})			 *test_ignore_error()*
    		Ignore any error containing {expr}.  A normal message is given
    		instead.
    		This is only meant to be used in tests, where catching the
    		error with try/catch cannot be used (because it skips over
    		following code).
    		{expr} is used literally, not as a pattern.
    		There is currently no way to revert this.

    test_null_channel()					*test_null_channel()*
    		Return a Channel that is null. Only useful for testing.
    		{only available when compiled with the +channel feature}

    test_null_dict()					*test_null_dict()*
    		Return a Dict that is null. Only useful for testing.

    test_null_job()						*test_null_job()*
    		Return a Job that is null. Only useful for testing.
    		{only available when compiled with the +job feature}

    test_null_list()					*test_null_list()*
    		Return a List that is null. Only useful for testing.

    test_null_partial()					*test_null_partial()*
    		Return a Partial that is null. Only useful for testing.

    test_null_string()					*test_null_string()*
    		Return a String that is null. Only useful for testing.

    test_override({name}, {val})				*test_override()*
    		Overrides certain parts of Vims internal processing to be able
    		to run tests. Only to be used for testing Vim!
    		The override is enabled when {val} is non-zero and removed
    		when {val} is zero.
    		Current supported values for name are:

    		name	     effect when {val} is non-zero
    		redraw       disable the redrawing() function
    		char_avail   disable the char_avail() function
    		starting     reset the "starting" variable, see below
    		ALL	     clear all overrides ({val} is not used)

    		"starting" is to be used when a test should behave like
    		startup was done.  Since the tests are run by sourcing a
    		script the "starting" variable is non-zero. This is usually a
    		good thing (tests run faster), but sometimes changes behavior
    		in a way that the test doesn't work properly.
    		When using:
    			call test_override('starting', 1)
     		The value of "starting" is saved.  It is restored by:
    			call test_override('starting', 0)

    test_settime({expr})					*test_settime()*
    		Set the time Vim uses internally.  Currently only used for
    		timestamps in the history, as they are used in viminfo, and
    		for undo.
    		Using a value of 1 makes Vim not sleep after a warning or
    		error message.
    		{expr} must evaluate to a number.  When the value is zero the
    		normal behavior is restored.

    							*timer_info()*
    timer_info([{id}])
    		Return a list with information about timers.
    		When {id} is given only information about this timer is
    		returned.  When timer {id} does not exist an empty list is
    		returned.
    		When {id} is omitted information about all timers is returned.

    		For each timer the information is stored in a Dictionary with
    		these items:
    		    "id"	    the timer ID
    		    "time"	    time the timer was started with
    		    "remaining"	    time until the timer fires
    		    "repeat"	    number of times the timer will still fire;
    				    -1 means forever
    		    "callback"	    the callback
    		    "paused"	    1 if the timer is paused, 0 otherwise

    		{only available when compiled with the |+timers| feature}

    timer_pause({timer}, {paused})				*timer_pause()*
    		Pause or unpause a timer.  A paused timer does not invoke its
    		callback when its time expires.  Unpausing a timer may cause
    		the callback to be invoked almost immediately if enough time
    		has passed.

    		Pausing a timer is useful to avoid the callback to be called
    		for a short time.

    		If {paused} evaluates to a non-zero Number or a non-empty
    		String, then the timer is paused, otherwise it is unpaused.
    		See |non-zero-arg|.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+timers| feature}

    						*timer_start()* *timer* *timers*
    timer_start({time}, {callback} [, {options}])
    		Create a timer and return the timer ID.

    		{time} is the waiting time in milliseconds. This is the
    		minimum time before invoking the callback.  When the system is
    		busy or Vim is not waiting for input the time will be longer.

    		{callback} is the function to call.  It can be the name of a
    		function or a |Funcref|.  It is called with one argument, which
    		is the timer ID.  The callback is only invoked when Vim is
    		waiting for input.

    		{options} is a dictionary.  Supported entries:
    		   "repeat"	Number of times to repeat calling the
    				callback.  -1 means forever.  When not present
    				the callback will be called once.
    				If the timer causes an error three times in a
    				row the repeat is cancelled.  This avoids that
    				Vim becomes unusable because of all the error
    				messages.

    		Example:
    			func MyHandler(timer)
    			  echo 'Handler called'
    			endfunc
    			let timer = timer_start(500, 'MyHandler',
    				\ {'repeat': 3})
     		This will invoke MyHandler() three times at 500 msec
    		intervals.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+timers| feature}

    timer_stop({timer})					*timer_stop()*
    		Stop a timer.  The timer callback will no longer be invoked.
    		{timer} is an ID returned by timer_start(), thus it must be a
    		Number.  If {timer} does not exist there is no error.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+timers| feature}

    timer_stopall()						*timer_stopall()*
    		Stop all timers.  The timer callbacks will no longer be
    		invoked.  Useful if some timers is misbehaving.  If there are
    		no timers there is no error.

    		{only available when compiled with the |+timers| feature}

    tolower({expr})						*tolower()*
    		The result is a copy of the String given, with all uppercase
    		characters turned into lowercase (just like applying |gu| to
    		the string).

    toupper({expr})						*toupper()*
    		The result is a copy of the String given, with all lowercase
    		characters turned into uppercase (just like applying |gU| to
    		the string).

    tr({src}, {fromstr}, {tostr})				*tr()*
    		The result is a copy of the {src} string with all characters
    		which appear in {fromstr} replaced by the character in that
    		position in the {tostr} string.  Thus the first character in
    		{fromstr} is translated into the first character in {tostr}
    		and so on.  Exactly like the unix "tr" command.
    		This code also deals with multibyte characters properly.

    		Examples:
    			echo tr("hello there", "ht", "HT")
     		returns "Hello THere"
    			echo tr("<blob>", "<>", "{}")
     		returns "{blob}"

    trim({text}[, {mask}])						*trim()*
    		Return {text} as a String where any character in {mask} is
    		removed from the beginning and  end of {text}.
    		If {mask} is not given, {mask} is all characters up to 0x20,
    		which includes Tab, space, NL and CR, plus the non-breaking
    		space character 0xa0.
    		This code deals with multibyte characters properly.

    		Examples:
    			echo trim("   some text ")
     		returns "some text"
    			echo trim("  \r\t\t\r RESERVE \t\n\x0B\xA0") . "_TAIL"
     		returns "RESERVE_TAIL"
    			echo trim("rm<Xrm<>X>rrm", "rm<>")
     		returns "Xrm<>X" (characters in the middle are not removed)

    trunc({expr})							*trunc()*
    		Return the largest integral value with magnitude less than or
    		equal to {expr} as a |Float| (truncate towards zero).
    		{expr} must evaluate to a |Float| or a |Number|.
    		Examples:
    			echo trunc(1.456)
     			1.0
    			echo trunc(-5.456)
     			-5.0
    			echo trunc(4.0)
     			4.0
    		{only available when compiled with the |+float| feature}

    							*type()*
    type({expr})	The result is a Number representing the type of {expr}.
    		Instead of using the number directly, it is better to use the
    		v:t_ variable that has the value:
    			Number:	    0  |v:t_number|
    			String:	    1  |v:t_string|
    			Funcref:    2  |v:t_func|
    			List:	    3  |v:t_list|
    			Dictionary: 4  |v:t_dict|
    			Float:	    5  |v:t_float|
    			Boolean:    6  |v:t_bool| (v:false and v:true)
    			None	    7  |v:t_none| (v:null and v:none)
    			Job	    8  |v:t_job|
    			Channel	    9  |v:t_channel|
    		For backward compatibility, this method can be used:
    			:if type(myvar) == type(0)
    			:if type(myvar) == type("")
    			:if type(myvar) == type(function("tr"))
    			:if type(myvar) == type([])
    			:if type(myvar) == type({})
    			:if type(myvar) == type(0.0)
    			:if type(myvar) == type(v:false)
    			:if type(myvar) == type(v:none)
     		To check if the v:t_ variables exist use this:
    			:if exists('v:t_number')

    undofile({name})					*undofile()*
    		Return the name of the undo file that would be used for a file
    		with name {name} when writing.  This uses the 'undodir'
    		option, finding directories that exist.  It does not check if
    		the undo file exists.
    		{name} is always expanded to the full path, since that is what
    		is used internally.
    		If {name} is empty undofile() returns an empty string, since a
    		buffer without a file name will not write an undo file.
    		Useful in combination with |:wundo| and |:rundo|.
    		When compiled without the +persistent_undo option this always
    		returns an empty string.

    undotree()						*undotree()*
    		Return the current state of the undo tree in a dictionary with
    		the following items:
    		  "seq_last"	The highest undo sequence number used.
    		  "seq_cur"	The sequence number of the current position in
    				the undo tree.  This differs from "seq_last"
    				when some changes were undone.
    		  "time_cur"	Time last used for |:earlier| and related
    				commands.  Use |strftime()| to convert to
    				something readable.
    		  "save_last"	Number of the last file write.  Zero when no
    				write yet.
    		  "save_cur"	Number of the current position in the undo
    				tree.
    		  "synced"	Non-zero when the last undo block was synced.
    				This happens when waiting from input from the
    				user.  See |undo-blocks|.
    		  "entries"	A list of dictionaries with information about
    				undo blocks.

    		The first item in the "entries" list is the oldest undo item.
    		Each List item is a Dictionary with these items:
    		  "seq"		Undo sequence number.  Same as what appears in
    				|:undolist|.
    		  "time"	Timestamp when the change happened.  Use
    				|strftime()| to convert to something readable.
    		  "newhead"	Only appears in the item that is the last one
    				that was added.  This marks the last change
    				and where further changes will be added.
    		  "curhead"	Only appears in the item that is the last one
    				that was undone.  This marks the current
    				position in the undo tree, the block that will
    				be used by a redo command.  When nothing was
    				undone after the last change this item will
    				not appear anywhere.
    		  "save"	Only appears on the last block before a file
    				write.  The number is the write count.  The
    				first write has number 1, the last one the
    				"save_last" mentioned above.
    		  "alt"		Alternate entry.  This is again a List of undo
    				blocks.  Each item may again have an "alt"
    				item.

    uniq({list} [, {func} [, {dict}]])			*uniq()* *E882*
    		Remove second and succeeding copies of repeated adjacent
    		{list} items in-place.  Returns {list}.  If you want a list
    		to remain unmodified make a copy first:
    			:let newlist = uniq(copy(mylist))
     		The default compare function uses the string representation of
    		each item.  For the use of {func} and {dict} see |sort()|.

    values({dict})						*values()*
    		Return a |List| with all the values of {dict}.  The |List| is
    		in arbitrary order.

    virtcol({expr})						*virtcol()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the screen column of the file
    		position given with {expr}.  That is, the last screen position
    		occupied by the character at that position, when the screen
    		would be of unlimited width.  When there is a <Tab> at the
    		position, the returned Number will be the column at the end of
    		the <Tab>.  For example, for a <Tab> in column 1, with 'ts'
    		set to 8, it returns 8. |conceal| is ignored.
    		For the byte position use |col()|.
    		For the use of {expr} see |col()|.
    		When 'virtualedit' is used {expr} can be [lnum, col, off], where
    		"off" is the offset in screen columns from the start of the
    		character.  E.g., a position within a <Tab> or after the last
    		character.  When "off" is omitted zero is used.
    		When Virtual editing is active in the current mode, a position
    		beyond the end of the line can be returned. |'virtualedit'|
    		The accepted positions are:
    		    .	    the cursor position
    		    $	    the end of the cursor line (the result is the
    			    number of displayed characters in the cursor line
    			    plus one)
    		    'x	    position of mark x (if the mark is not set, 0 is
    			    returned)
    		    v       In Visual mode: the start of the Visual area (the
    			    cursor is the end).  When not in Visual mode
    			    returns the cursor position.  Differs from |'<| in
    			    that it's updated right away.
    		Note that only marks in the current file can be used.
    		Examples:
      virtcol(".")	   with text "foo^Lbar", with cursor on the "^L", returns 5
      virtcol("$")	   with text "foo^Lbar", returns 9
      virtcol("'t")    with text "	  there", with 't at 'h', returns 6
     		The first column is 1.  0 is returned for an error.
    		A more advanced example that echoes the maximum length of
    		all lines:
    		    echo max(map(range(1, line('$')), "virtcol([v:val, '$'])"))

    visualmode([expr])						*visualmode()*
    		The result is a String, which describes the last Visual mode
    		used in the current buffer.  Initially it returns an empty
    		string, but once Visual mode has been used, it returns "v",
    		"V", or "<CTRL-V>" (a single CTRL-V character) for
    		character-wise, line-wise, or block-wise Visual mode
    		respectively.
    		Example:
    			:exe "normal " . visualmode()
     		This enters the same Visual mode as before.  It is also useful
    		in scripts if you wish to act differently depending on the
    		Visual mode that was used.
    		If Visual mode is active, use |mode()| to get the Visual mode
    		(e.g., in a |:vmap|).
    		If [expr] is supplied and it evaluates to a non-zero Number or
    		a non-empty String, then the Visual mode will be cleared and
    		the old value is returned.  See |non-zero-arg|.

    wildmenumode()					*wildmenumode()*
    		Returns |TRUE| when the wildmenu is active and |FALSE|
    		otherwise.  See 'wildmenu' and 'wildmode'.
    		This can be used in mappings to handle the 'wildcharm' option
    		gracefully. (Makes only sense with |mapmode-c| mappings).

    		For example to make <c-j> work like <down> in wildmode, use:
        :cnoremap <expr> <C-j> wildmenumode() ? "\<Down>\<Tab>" : "\<c-j>"

    		(Note, this needs the 'wildcharm' option set appropriately).

    win_findbuf({bufnr})					*win_findbuf()*
    		Returns a list with |window-ID|s for windows that contain
    		buffer {bufnr}.  When there is none the list is empty.

    win_getid([{win} [, {tab}]])				*win_getid()*
    		Get the |window-ID| for the specified window.
    		When {win} is missing use the current window.
    		With {win} this is the window number.  The top window has
    		number 1.  Use `win_getid(winnr())` for the current window.
    		Without {tab} use the current tab, otherwise the tab with
    		number {tab}.  The first tab has number one.
    		Return zero if the window cannot be found.

    win_gotoid({expr})					*win_gotoid()*
    		Go to window with ID {expr}.  This may also change the current
    		tabpage.
    		Return 1 if successful, 0 if the window cannot be found.

    win_id2tabwin({expr})					*win_id2tabwin()*
    		Return a list with the tab number and window number of window
    		with ID {expr}: [tabnr, winnr].
    		Return [0, 0] if the window cannot be found.

    win_id2win({expr})					*win_id2win()*
    		Return the window number of window with ID {expr}.
    		Return 0 if the window cannot be found in the current tabpage.

    win_screenpos({nr})					*win_screenpos()*
    		Return the screen position of window {nr} as a list with two
    		numbers: [row, col].  The first window always has position
    		[1, 1].
    		{nr} can be the window number or the |window-ID|.
    		Return [0, 0] if the window cannot be found in the current
    		tabpage.

    							*winbufnr()*
    winbufnr({nr})	The result is a Number, which is the number of the buffer
    		associated with window {nr}.  {nr} can be the window number or
    		the |window-ID|.
    		When {nr} is zero, the number of the buffer in the current
    		window is returned.
    		When window {nr} doesn't exist, -1 is returned.
    		Example:
      :echo "The file in the current window is " . bufname(winbufnr(0))

    							*wincol()*
    wincol()	The result is a Number, which is the virtual column of the
    		cursor in the window.  This is counting screen cells from the
    		left side of the window.  The leftmost column is one.

    winheight({nr})						*winheight()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the height of window {nr}.
    		{nr} can be the window number or the |window-ID|.
    		When {nr} is zero, the height of the current window is
    		returned.  When window {nr} doesn't exist, -1 is returned.
    		An existing window always has a height of zero or more.
    		This excludes any window toolbar line.
    		Examples:
      :echo "The current window has " . winheight(0) . " lines."

    							*winline()*
    winline()	The result is a Number, which is the screen line of the cursor
    		in the window.  This is counting screen lines from the top of
    		the window.  The first line is one.
    		If the cursor was moved the view on the file will be updated
    		first, this may cause a scroll.

    							*winnr()*
    winnr([{arg}])	The result is a Number, which is the number of the current
    		window.  The top window has number 1.
    		When the optional argument is "$", the number of the
    		last window is returned (the window count).
    			let window_count = winnr('$')
     		When the optional argument is "#", the number of the last
    		accessed window is returned (where |CTRL-W_p| goes to).
    		If there is no previous window or it is in another tab page 0
    		is returned.
    		The number can be used with |CTRL-W_w| and ":wincmd w"
    		|:wincmd|.
    		Also see |tabpagewinnr()| and |win_getid()|.

    							*winrestcmd()*
    winrestcmd()	Returns a sequence of |:resize| commands that should restore
    		the current window sizes.  Only works properly when no windows
    		are opened or closed and the current window and tab page is
    		unchanged.
    		Example:
    			:let cmd = winrestcmd()
    			:call MessWithWindowSizes()
    			:exe cmd

    							*winrestview()*
    winrestview({dict})
    		Uses the |Dictionary| returned by |winsaveview()| to restore
    		the view of the current window.
    		Note: The {dict} does not have to contain all values, that are
    		returned by |winsaveview()|. If values are missing, those
    		settings won't be restored. So you can use:
    		    :call winrestview({'curswant': 4})

    		This will only set the curswant value (the column the cursor
    		wants to move on vertical movements) of the cursor to column 5
    		(yes, that is 5), while all other settings will remain the
    		same. This is useful, if you set the cursor position manually.

    		If you have changed the values the result is unpredictable.
    		If the window size changed the result won't be the same.

    							*winsaveview()*
    winsaveview()	Returns a |Dictionary| that contains information to restore
    		the view of the current window.  Use |winrestview()| to
    		restore the view.
    		This is useful if you have a mapping that jumps around in the
    		buffer and you want to go back to the original view.
    		This does not save fold information.  Use the 'foldenable'
    		option to temporarily switch off folding, so that folds are
    		not opened when moving around. This may have side effects.
    		The return value includes:
    			lnum		cursor line number
    			col		cursor column (Note: the first column
    					zero, as opposed to what getpos()
    					returns)
    			coladd		cursor column offset for 'virtualedit'
    			curswant	column for vertical movement
    			topline		first line in the window
    			topfill		filler lines, only in diff mode
    			leftcol		first column displayed
    			skipcol		columns skipped
    		Note that no option values are saved.

    winwidth({nr})						*winwidth()*
    		The result is a Number, which is the width of window {nr}.
    		{nr} can be the window number or the |window-ID|.
    		When {nr} is zero, the width of the current window is
    		returned.  When window {nr} doesn't exist, -1 is returned.
    		An existing window always has a width of zero or more.
    		Examples:
      :echo "The current window has " . winwidth(0) . " columns."
      :if winwidth(0) <= 50
      :  50 wincmd |
      :endif
     		For getting the terminal or screen size, see the 'columns'
    		option.

    wordcount()						*wordcount()*
    		The result is a dictionary of byte/chars/word statistics for
    		the current buffer.  This is the same info as provided by
    		|g_CTRL-G|
    		The return value includes:
    			bytes		Number of bytes in the buffer
    			chars		Number of chars in the buffer
    			words		Number of words in the buffer
    			cursor_bytes    Number of bytes before cursor position
    					(not in Visual mode)
    			cursor_chars    Number of chars before cursor position
    					(not in Visual mode)
    			cursor_words    Number of words before cursor position
    					(not in Visual mode)
    			visual_bytes    Number of bytes visually selected
    					(only in Visual mode)
    			visual_chars    Number of chars visually selected
    					(only in Visual mode)
    			visual_words    Number of words visually selected
    					(only in Visual mode)

    							*writefile()*
    writefile({list}, {fname} [, {flags}])
    		Write |List| {list} to file {fname}.  Each list item is
    		separated with a NL.  Each list item must be a String or
    		Number.
    		When {flags} contains "b" then binary mode is used: There will
    		not be a NL after the last list item.  An empty item at the
    		end does cause the last line in the file to end in a NL.

    		When {flags} contains "a" then append mode is used, lines are
    		appended to the file:
    			:call writefile(["foo"], "event.log", "a")
    			:call writefile(["bar"], "event.log", "a")

    		When {flags} contains "s" then fsync() is called after writing
    		the file.  This flushes the file to disk, if possible.  This
    		takes more time but avoids losing the file if the system
    		crashes.
    		When {flags} does not contain "S" or "s" then fsync() is
    		called if the 'fsync' option is set.
    		When {flags} contains "S" then fsync() is not called, even
    		when 'fsync' is set.

    		All NL characters are replaced with a NUL character.
    		Inserting CR characters needs to be done before passing {list}
    		to writefile().
    		An existing file is overwritten, if possible.
    		When the write fails -1 is returned, otherwise 0.  There is an
    		error message if the file can't be created or when writing
    		fails.
    		Also see |readfile()|.
    		To copy a file byte for byte:
    			:let fl = readfile("foo", "b")
    			:call writefile(fl, "foocopy", "b")

    xor({expr}, {expr})					*xor()*
    		Bitwise XOR on the two arguments.  The arguments are converted
    		to a number.  A List, Dict or Float argument causes an error.
    		Example:
    			:let bits = xor(bits, 0x80)

    							*feature-list*
    There are four types of features:
    1.  Features that are only supported when they have been enabled when Vim
        was compiled |+feature-list|.  Example:
    	:if has("cindent")
    2.  Features that are only supported when certain conditions have been met.
        Example:
    	:if has("gui_running")

     							*has-patch*
    3.  Beyond a certain version or at a certain version and including a specific
        patch.  The "patch-7.4.248" feature means that the Vim version is 7.5 or
        later, or it is version 7.4 and patch 248 was included.  Example:
    	:if has("patch-7.4.248")
         Note that it's possible for patch 248 to be omitted even though 249 is
        included.  Only happens when cherry-picking patches.
        Note that this form only works for patch 7.4.237 and later, before that
        you need to check for the patch and the  v:version.  Example (checking
        version 6.2.148 or later):
    	:if v:version > 602 || (v:version == 602 && has("patch148"))

    Hint: To find out if Vim supports backslashes in a file name (MS-Windows),
    use: `if exists('+shellslash')`

    acl			Compiled with |ACL| support.
    all_builtin_terms	Compiled with all builtin terminals enabled.
    amiga			Amiga version of Vim.
    arabic			Compiled with Arabic support |Arabic|.
    arp			Compiled with ARP support (Amiga).
    autocmd			Compiled with autocommand support. |autocommand|
    autoservername		Automatically enable |clientserver|
    balloon_eval		Compiled with |balloon-eval| support.
    balloon_multiline	GUI supports multiline balloons.
    beos			BeOS version of Vim.
    browse			Compiled with |:browse| support, and browse() will
    			work.
    browsefilter		Compiled with support for |browsefilter|.
    builtin_terms		Compiled with some builtin terminals.
    byte_offset		Compiled with support for 'o' in 'statusline'
    cindent			Compiled with 'cindent' support.
    clientserver		Compiled with remote invocation support |clientserver|.
    clipboard		Compiled with 'clipboard' support.
    cmdline_compl		Compiled with |cmdline-completion| support.
    cmdline_hist		Compiled with |cmdline-history| support.
    cmdline_info		Compiled with 'showcmd' and 'ruler' support.
    comments		Compiled with |'comments'| support.
    compatible		Compiled to be very Vi compatible.
    cryptv			Compiled with encryption support |encryption|.
    cscope			Compiled with |cscope| support.
    debug			Compiled with "DEBUG" defined.
    dialog_con		Compiled with console dialog support.
    dialog_gui		Compiled with GUI dialog support.
    diff			Compiled with |vimdiff| and 'diff' support.
    digraphs		Compiled with support for digraphs.
    directx			Compiled with support for DirectX and 'renderoptions'.
    dnd			Compiled with support for the "~ register |quote_~|.
    ebcdic			Compiled on a machine with ebcdic character set.
    emacs_tags		Compiled with support for Emacs tags.
    eval			Compiled with expression evaluation support.  Always
    			true, of course!
    ex_extra		|+ex_extra|, always true now
    extra_search		Compiled with support for |'incsearch'| and
    			|'hlsearch'|
    farsi			Compiled with Farsi support |farsi|.
    file_in_path		Compiled with support for |gf| and |<cfile>|
    filterpipe		When 'shelltemp' is off pipes are used for shell
    			read/write/filter commands
    find_in_path		Compiled with support for include file searches
    			|+find_in_path|.
    float			Compiled with support for |Float|.
    fname_case		Case in file names matters (for Amiga, MS-DOS, and
    			Windows this is not present).
    folding			Compiled with |folding| support.
    footer			Compiled with GUI footer support. |gui-footer|
    fork			Compiled to use fork()/exec() instead of system().
    gettext			Compiled with message translation |multi-lang|
    gui			Compiled with GUI enabled.
    gui_athena		Compiled with Athena GUI.
    gui_gnome		Compiled with Gnome support (gui_gtk is also defined).
    gui_gtk			Compiled with GTK+ GUI (any version).
    gui_gtk2		Compiled with GTK+ 2 GUI (gui_gtk is also defined).
    gui_gtk3		Compiled with GTK+ 3 GUI (gui_gtk is also defined).
    gui_mac			Compiled with Macintosh GUI.
    gui_motif		Compiled with Motif GUI.
    gui_photon		Compiled with Photon GUI.
    gui_running		Vim is running in the GUI, or it will start soon.
    gui_win32		Compiled with MS Windows Win32 GUI.
    gui_win32s		idem, and Win32s system being used (Windows 3.1)
    hangul_input		Compiled with Hangul input support. |hangul|
    iconv			Can use iconv() for conversion.
    insert_expand		Compiled with support for CTRL-X expansion commands in
    			Insert mode.
    jumplist		Compiled with |jumplist| support.
    keymap			Compiled with 'keymap' support.
    lambda			Compiled with |lambda| support.
    langmap			Compiled with 'langmap' support.
    libcall			Compiled with |libcall()| support.
    linebreak		Compiled with 'linebreak', 'breakat', 'showbreak' and
    			'breakindent' support.
    lispindent		Compiled with support for lisp indenting.
    listcmds		Compiled with commands for the buffer list |:files|
    			and the argument list |arglist|.
    localmap		Compiled with local mappings and abbr. |:map-local|
    lua			Compiled with Lua interface |Lua|.
    mac			Any Macintosh version of Vim  cf. osx
    macunix			Synonym for osxdarwin
    menu			Compiled with support for |:menu|.
    mksession		Compiled with support for |:mksession|.
    modify_fname		Compiled with file name modifiers. |filename-modifiers|
    mouse			Compiled with support mouse.
    mouse_dec		Compiled with support for Dec terminal mouse.
    mouse_gpm		Compiled with support for gpm (Linux console mouse)
    mouse_netterm		Compiled with support for netterm mouse.
    mouse_pterm		Compiled with support for qnx pterm mouse.
    mouse_sysmouse		Compiled with support for sysmouse (*BSD console mouse)
    mouse_sgr		Compiled with support for sgr mouse.
    mouse_urxvt		Compiled with support for urxvt mouse.
    mouse_xterm		Compiled with support for xterm mouse.
    mouseshape		Compiled with support for 'mouseshape'.
    multi_byte		Compiled with support for 'encoding'
    multi_byte_encoding	'encoding' is set to a multi-byte encoding.
    multi_byte_ime		Compiled with support for IME input method.
    multi_lang		Compiled with support for multiple languages.
    mzscheme		Compiled with MzScheme interface |mzscheme|.
    netbeans_enabled	Compiled with support for |netbeans| and connected.
    netbeans_intg		Compiled with support for |netbeans|.
    num64			Compiled with 64-bit |Number| support.
    ole			Compiled with OLE automation support for Win32.
    osx			Compiled for macOS  cf. mac
    osxdarwin		Compiled for macOS, with |mac-darwin-feature|
    packages		Compiled with |packages| support.
    path_extra		Compiled with up/downwards search in 'path' and 'tags'
    perl			Compiled with Perl interface.
    persistent_undo		Compiled with support for persistent undo history.
    postscript		Compiled with PostScript file printing.
    printer			Compiled with |:hardcopy| support.
    profile			Compiled with |:profile| support.
    python			Python 2.x interface available. |has-python|
    python_compiled		Compiled with Python 2.x interface. |has-python|
    python_dynamic		Python 2.x interface is dynamically loaded. |has-python|
    python3			Python 3.x interface available. |has-python|
    python3_compiled	Compiled with Python 3.x interface. |has-python|
    python3_dynamic		Python 3.x interface is dynamically loaded. |has-python|
    pythonx			Compiled with |python_x| interface. |has-pythonx|
    qnx			QNX version of Vim.
    quickfix		Compiled with |quickfix| support.
    reltime			Compiled with |reltime()| support.
    rightleft		Compiled with 'rightleft' support.
    ruby			Compiled with Ruby interface |ruby|.
    scrollbind		Compiled with 'scrollbind' support.
    showcmd			Compiled with 'showcmd' support.
    signs			Compiled with |:sign| support.
    smartindent		Compiled with 'smartindent' support.
    spell			Compiled with spell checking support |spell|.
    startuptime		Compiled with |--startuptime| support.
    statusline		Compiled with support for 'statusline', 'rulerformat'
    			and special formats of 'titlestring' and 'iconstring'.
    sun_workshop		Compiled with support for Sun |workshop|.
    syntax			Compiled with syntax highlighting support |syntax|.
    syntax_items		There are active syntax highlighting items for the
    			current buffer.
    system			Compiled to use system() instead of fork()/exec().
    tag_binary		Compiled with binary searching in tags files
    			|tag-binary-search|.
    tag_old_static		Compiled with support for old static tags
    			|tag-old-static|.
    tag_any_white		Compiled with support for any white characters in tags
    			files |tag-any-white|.
    tcl			Compiled with Tcl interface.
    termguicolors		Compiled with true color in terminal support.
    terminal		Compiled with |terminal| support.
    terminfo		Compiled with terminfo instead of termcap.
    termresponse		Compiled with support for |t_RV| and |v:termresponse|.
    textobjects		Compiled with support for |text-objects|.
    tgetent			Compiled with tgetent support, able to use a termcap
    			or terminfo file.
    timers			Compiled with |timer_start()| support.
    title			Compiled with window title support |'title'|.
    toolbar			Compiled with support for |gui-toolbar|.
    ttyin			input is a terminal (tty)
    ttyout			output is a terminal (tty)

    unix			Unix version of Vim. *+unix*
    unnamedplus		Compiled with support for "unnamedplus" in 'clipboard'
    user_commands		User-defined commands.
    vcon			Win32: Virtual console support is working, can use
    			'termguicolors'. Also see |+vtp|.
    vertsplit		Compiled with vertically split windows |:vsplit|.
    vim_starting		True while initial source'ing takes place. |startup|

    			*vim_starting*
    viminfo			Compiled with viminfo support.
    virtualedit		Compiled with 'virtualedit' option.
    visual			Compiled with Visual mode.
    visualextra		Compiled with extra Visual mode commands.
    			|blockwise-operators|.
    vms			VMS version of Vim.
    vreplace		Compiled with |gR| and |gr| commands.
    vtp			Compiled for vcon support |+vtp| (check vcon to find
    			out if it works in the current console).
    wildignore		Compiled with 'wildignore' option.
    wildmenu		Compiled with 'wildmenu' option.
    win32			Win32 version of Vim (MS-Windows 95 and later, 32 or
    			64 bits)
    win32unix		Win32 version of Vim, using Unix files (Cygwin)
    win64			Win64 version of Vim (MS-Windows 64 bit).
    win95			Win32 version for MS-Windows 95/98/ME.
    winaltkeys		Compiled with 'winaltkeys' option.
    windows			Compiled with support for more than one window.
    writebackup		Compiled with 'writebackup' default on.
    xfontset		Compiled with X fontset support |xfontset|.
    xim			Compiled with X input method support |xim|.
    xpm			Compiled with pixmap support.
    xpm_w32			Compiled with pixmap support for Win32. (Only for
    			backward compatibility. Use "xpm" instead.)
    xsmp			Compiled with X session management support.
    xsmp_interact		Compiled with interactive X session management support.
    xterm_clipboard		Compiled with support for xterm clipboard.
    xterm_save		Compiled with support for saving and restoring the
    			xterm screen.
    x11			Compiled with X11 support.

    							*string-match*
    Matching a pattern in a String

    A regexp pattern as explained at |pattern| is normally used to find a match in
    the buffer lines.  When a pattern is used to find a match in a String, almost
    everything works in the same way.  The difference is that a String is handled
    like it is one line.  When it contains a "\n" character, this is not seen as a
    line break for the pattern.  It can be matched with a "\n" in the pattern, or
    with ".".  Example:
    	:let a = "aaaa\nxxxx"
    	:echo matchstr(a, "..\n..")
    	aa
    	xx
    	:echo matchstr(a, "a.x")
    	a
    	x

    Don't forget that "^" will only match at the first character of the String and
    "$" at the last character of the string.  They don't match after or before a
    "\n".

    ==============================================================================

    5. Defining functions					*user-functions*

    New functions can be defined.  These can be called just like builtin
    functions.  The function executes a sequence of Ex commands.  Normal mode
    commands can be executed with the |:normal| command.

    The function name must start with an uppercase letter, to avoid confusion with
    builtin functions.  To prevent from using the same name in different scripts
    avoid obvious, short names.  A good habit is to start the function name with
    the name of the script, e.g., "HTMLcolor()".

    It's also possible to use curly braces, see |curly-braces-names|.  And the
    |autoload| facility is useful to define a function only when it's called.

    							*local-function*
    A function local to a script must start with "s:".  A local script function
    can only be called from within the script and from functions, user commands
    and autocommands defined in the script.  It is also possible to call the
    function from a mapping defined in the script, but then |<SID>| must be used
    instead of "s:" when the mapping is expanded outside of the script.
    There are only script-local functions, no buffer-local or window-local
    functions.

    					*:fu* *:function* *E128* *E129* *E123*
    :fu[nction]		List all functions and their arguments.

    :fu[nction] {name}	List function {name}.
    			{name} can also be a |Dictionary| entry that is a
    			YXXYFuncref|:
    				:function dict.init

    :fu[nction] /{pattern}	List functions with a name matching {pattern}.
    			Example that lists all functions ending with "File":
    				:function /File$

    							*:function-verbose*
    When 'verbose' is non-zero, listing a function will also display where it was
    last defined. Example:

        :verbose function SetFileTypeSH
    	function SetFileTypeSH(name)
    	    Last set from /usr/share/vim/vim-7.0/filetype.vim

    See |:verbose-cmd| for more information.

    						*E124* *E125* *E853* *E884*
    :fu[nction][!] {name}([arguments]) [range] [abort] [dict] [closure]
    			Define a new function by the name {name}.  The body of
    			the function follows in the next lines, until the
    			matching |:endfunction|.

    			The name must be made of alphanumeric characters and
    			'_', and must start with a capital or "s:" (see
    			above).  Note that using "b:" or "g:" is not allowed.
    			(since patch 7.4.260 E884 is given if the function
    			name has a colon in the name, e.g. for "foo:bar()".
    			Before that patch no error was given).

    			{name} can also be a |Dictionary| entry that is a
    			YXXYFuncref|:
    				:function dict.init(arg)
     			"dict" must be an existing dictionary.  The entry
    			"init" is added if it didn't exist yet.  Otherwise [!]
    			is required to overwrite an existing function.  The
    			result is a |Funcref| to a numbered function.  The
    			function can only be used with a |Funcref| and will be
    			deleted if there are no more references to it.

    								*E127* *E122*
    			When a function by this name already exists and [!] is
    			not used an error message is given.  When [!] is used,
    			an existing function is silently replaced.  Unless it
    			is currently being executed, that is an error.
    			NOTE: Use ! wisely.  If used without care it can cause
    			an existing function to be replaced unexpectedly,
    			which is hard to debug.

    			For the {arguments} see |function-argument|.

    					*:func-range* *a:firstline* *a:lastline*
    			When the [range] argument is added, the function is
    			expected to take care of a range itself.  The range is
    			passed as "a:firstline" and "a:lastline".  If [range]
    			is excluded, ":{range}call" will call the function for
    			each line in the range, with the cursor on the start
    			of each line.  See |function-range-example|.
    			The cursor is still moved to the first line of the
    			range, as is the case with all Ex commands.

    								*:func-abort*
    			When the [abort] argument is added, the function will
    			abort as soon as an error is detected.

    								*:func-dict*
    			When the [dict] argument is added, the function must
    			be invoked through an entry in a |Dictionary|.  The
    			local variable "self" will then be set to the
    			dictionary.  See |Dictionary-function|.

    						*:func-closure* *E932*
    			When the [closure] argument is added, the function
    			can access variables and arguments from the outer
    			scope.  This is usually called a closure.  In this
    			example Bar() uses "x" from the scope of Foo().  It
    			remains referenced even after Foo() returns:
    				:function! Foo()
    				:  let x = 0
    				:  function! Bar() closure
    				:    let x += 1
    				:    return x
    				:  endfunction
    				:  return funcref('Bar')
    				:endfunction

    				:let F = Foo()
    				:echo F()
     				1
    				:echo F()
     				2
    				:echo F()
     				3

    						*function-search-undo*
    			The last used search pattern and the redo command "."
    			will not be changed by the function.  This also
    			implies that the effect of |:nohlsearch| is undone
    			when the function returns.

    				*:endf* *:endfunction* *E126* *E193* *W22*
    :endf[unction] [argument]
    			The end of a function definition.  Best is to put it
    			on a line by its own, without [argument].

    			[argument] can be:
    				| command	command to execute next
    				\n command	command to execute next
    				" comment	always ignored
    				anything else	ignored, warning given when
    						'verbose' is non-zero
    			The support for a following command was added in Vim
    			8.0.0654, before that any argument was silently
    			ignored.

    			To be able to define a function inside an `:execute`
    			command, use line breaks instead of YXXY:bar|:
    				:exe "func Foo()\necho 'foo'\nendfunc"

    				*:delf* *:delfunction* *E130* *E131* *E933*
    :delf[unction][!] {name}
    			Delete function {name}.
    			{name} can also be a |Dictionary| entry that is a
    			YXXYFuncref|:
    				:delfunc dict.init
     			This will remove the "init" entry from "dict".  The
    			function is deleted if there are no more references to
    			it.
    			With the ! there is no error if the function does not
    			exist.

    							*:retu* *:return* *E133*
    :retu[rn] [expr]	Return from a function.  When "[expr]" is given, it is
    			evaluated and returned as the result of the function.
    			If "[expr]" is not given, the number 0 is returned.
    			When a function ends without an explicit ":return",
    			the number 0 is returned.
    			Note that there is no check for unreachable lines,
    			thus there is no warning if commands follow ":return".

    			If the ":return" is used after a |:try| but before the
    			matching |:finally| (if present), the commands
    			following the ":finally" up to the matching |:endtry|
    			are executed first.  This process applies to all
    			nested ":try"s inside the function.  The function
    			returns at the outermost ":endtry".

    						*function-argument* *a:var*
    An argument can be defined by giving its name.  In the function this can then
    be used as "a:name" ("a:" for argument).

    					*a:0* *a:1* *a:000* *E740* *...*
    Up to 20 arguments can be given, separated by commas.  After the named
    arguments an argument "..." can be specified, which means that more arguments
    may optionally be following.  In the function the extra arguments can be used
    as "a:1", "a:2", etc.  "a:0" is set to the number of extra arguments (which
    can be 0).  "a:000" is set to a |List| that contains these arguments.  Note
    that "a:1" is the same as "a:000[0]".

    								*E742*
    The a: scope and the variables in it cannot be changed, they are fixed.
    However, if a composite type is used, such as |List| or |Dictionary| , you can
    change their contents.  Thus you can pass a |List| to a function and have the
    function add an item to it.  If you want to make sure the function cannot
    change a |List| or |Dictionary| use |:lockvar|.

    When not using "...", the number of arguments in a function call must be equal
    to the number of named arguments.  When using "...", the number of arguments
    may be larger.

    It is also possible to define a function without any arguments.  You must
    still supply the () then.

    It is allowed to define another function inside a function body.

    							*local-variables*
    Inside a function local variables can be used.  These will disappear when the
    function returns.  Global variables need to be accessed with "g:".

    Example:
      :function Table(title, ...)
      :  echohl Title
      :  echo a:title
      :  echohl None
      :  echo a:0 . " items:"
      :  for s in a:000
      :    echon ' ' . s
      :  endfor
      :endfunction

    This function can then be called with:
      call Table("Table", "line1", "line2")
      call Table("Empty Table")

    To return more than one value, return a YXXYList|:
      :function Compute(n1, n2)
      :  if a:n2 == 0
      :    return ["fail", 0]
      :  endif
      :  return ["ok", a:n1 / a:n2]
      :endfunction

    This function can then be called with:
      :let [success, div] = Compute(102, 6)
      :if success == "ok"
      :  echo div
      :endif

    						*:cal* *:call* *E107* *E117*
    :[range]cal[l] {name}([arguments])
    		Call a function.  The name of the function and its arguments
    		are as specified with |:function|.  Up to 20 arguments can be
    		used.  The returned value is discarded.
    		Without a range and for functions that accept a range, the
    		function is called once.  When a range is given the cursor is
    		positioned at the start of the first line before executing the
    		function.
    		When a range is given and the function doesn't handle it
    		itself, the function is executed for each line in the range,
    		with the cursor in the first column of that line.  The cursor
    		is left at the last line (possibly moved by the last function
    		call).  The arguments are re-evaluated for each line.  Thus
    		this works:

    						*function-range-example*
    	:function Mynumber(arg)
    	:  echo line(".") . " " . a:arg
    	:endfunction
    	:1,5call Mynumber(getline("."))

    		The "a:firstline" and "a:lastline" are defined anyway, they
    		can be used to do something different at the start or end of
    		the range.

    		Example of a function that handles the range itself:

    	:function Cont() range
    	:  execute (a:firstline + 1) . "," . a:lastline . 's/^/\t\\ '
    	:endfunction
    	:4,8call Cont()

    		This function inserts the continuation character "\" in front
    		of all the lines in the range, except the first one.

    		When the function returns a composite value it can be further
    		dereferenced, but the range will not be used then.  Example:
    	:4,8call GetDict().method()
     		Here GetDict() gets the range but method() does not.

    								*E132*
    The recursiveness of user functions is restricted with the |'maxfuncdepth'|
    option.

    AUTOMATICALLY LOADING FUNCTIONS

    							*autoload-functions*
    When using many or large functions, it's possible to automatically define them
    only when they are used.  There are two methods: with an autocommand and with
    the "autoload" directory in 'runtimepath'.

    Using an autocommand

    This is introduced in the user manual, section |41.14|.

    The autocommand is useful if you have a plugin that is a long Vim script file.
    You can define the autocommand and quickly quit the script with |:finish|.
    That makes Vim startup faster.  The autocommand should then load the same file
    again, setting a variable to skip the |:finish| command.

    Use the FuncUndefined autocommand event with a pattern that matches the
    function(s) to be defined.  Example:

    	:au FuncUndefined BufNet* source ~/vim/bufnetfuncs.vim

    The file "~/vim/bufnetfuncs.vim" should then define functions that start with
    "BufNet".  Also see |FuncUndefined|.

    Using an autoload script

    							*autoload* *E746*
    This is introduced in the user manual, section |41.15|.

    Using a script in the "autoload" directory is simpler, but requires using
    exactly the right file name.  A function that can be autoloaded has a name
    like this:

    	:call filename#funcname()

    When such a function is called, and it is not defined yet, Vim will search the
    "autoload" directories in 'runtimepath' for a script file called
    "filename.vim".  For example "~/.vim/autoload/filename.vim".  That file should
    then define the function like this:

    	function filename#funcname()
    	   echo "Done!"
    	endfunction

    The file name and the name used before the # in the function must match
    exactly, and the defined function must have the name exactly as it will be
    called.

    It is possible to use subdirectories.  Every # in the function name works like
    a path separator.  Thus when calling a function:

    	:call foo#bar#func()

    Vim will look for the file "autoload/foo/bar.vim" in 'runtimepath'.

    This also works when reading a variable that has not been set yet:

    	:let l = foo#bar#lvar

    However, when the autoload script was already loaded it won't be loaded again
    for an unknown variable.

    When assigning a value to such a variable nothing special happens.  This can
    be used to pass settings to the autoload script before it's loaded:

    	:let foo#bar#toggle = 1
    	:call foo#bar#func()

    Note that when you make a mistake and call a function that is supposed to be
    defined in an autoload script, but the script doesn't actually define the
    function, the script will be sourced every time you try to call the function.
    And you will get an error message every time.

    Also note that if you have two script files, and one calls a function in the
    other and vice versa, before the used function is defined, it won't work.
    Avoid using the autoload functionality at the toplevel.

    Hint: If you distribute a bunch of scripts you can pack them together with the
    |vimball| utility.  Also read the user manual |distribute-script|.

    ==============================================================================

    6. Curly braces names					*curly-braces-names*

    In most places where you can use a variable, you can use a "curly braces name"
    variable.  This is a regular variable name with one or more expressions
    wrapped in braces {} like this:
    	my_{adjective}_variable

    When Vim encounters this, it evaluates the expression inside the braces, puts
    that in place of the expression, and re-interprets the whole as a variable
    name.  So in the above example, if the variable "adjective" was set to
    "noisy", then the reference would be to "my_noisy_variable", whereas if
    "adjective" was set to "quiet", then it would be to "my_quiet_variable".

    One application for this is to create a set of variables governed by an option
    value.  For example, the statement
    	echo my_{&background}_message

    would output the contents of "my_dark_message" or "my_light_message" depending
    on the current value of 'background'.

    You can use multiple brace pairs:
    	echo my_{adverb}_{adjective}_message
    ..or even nest them:
    	echo my_{ad{end_of_word}}_message
    where "end_of_word" is either "verb" or "jective".

    However, the expression inside the braces must evaluate to a valid single
    variable name, e.g. this is invalid:
    	:let foo='a + b'
    	:echo c{foo}d
    .. since the result of expansion is "ca + bd", which is not a variable name.

    						*curly-braces-function-names*
    You can call and define functions by an evaluated name in a similar way.
    Example:
    	:let func_end='whizz'
    	:call my_func_{func_end}(parameter)

    This would call the function "my_func_whizz(parameter)".

    This does NOT work:
      :let i = 3
      :let @{i} = ''  " error
      :echo @{i}      " error

    ==============================================================================

    7. Commands						*expression-commands*

    :let {var-name} = {expr1}				*:let* *E18*
    			Set internal variable {var-name} to the result of the
    			expression {expr1}.  The variable will get the type
    			from the {expr}.  If {var-name} didn't exist yet, it
    			is created.

    :let {var-name}[{idx}] = {expr1}			*E689*
    			Set a list item to the result of the expression
    			{expr1}.  {var-name} must refer to a list and {idx}
    			must be a valid index in that list.  For nested list
    			the index can be repeated.
    			This cannot be used to add an item to a |List|.
    			This cannot be used to set a byte in a String.  You
    			can do that like this:
    				:let var = var[0:2] . 'X' . var[4:]

    							*E711* *E719*

    :let {var-name}[{idx1}:{idx2}] = {expr1}		*E708* *E709* *E710*
    			Set a sequence of items in a |List| to the result of
    			the expression {expr1}, which must be a list with the
    			correct number of items.
    			{idx1} can be omitted, zero is used instead.
    			{idx2} can be omitted, meaning the end of the list.
    			When the selected range of items is partly past the
    			end of the list, items will be added.

    					*:let+=* *:let-=* *:let.=* *E734*
    :let {var} += {expr1}	Like ":let {var} = {var} + {expr1}".
    :let {var} -= {expr1}	Like ":let {var} = {var} - {expr1}".
    :let {var} .= {expr1}	Like ":let {var} = {var} . {expr1}".
    			These fail if {var} was not set yet and when the type
    			of {var} and {expr1} don't fit the operator.

    :let ${env-name} = {expr1}			*:let-environment* *:let-$*
    			Set environment variable {env-name} to the result of
    			the expression {expr1}.  The type is always String.
    :let ${env-name} .= {expr1}
    			Append {expr1} to the environment variable {env-name}.
    			If the environment variable didn't exist yet this
    			works like "=".

    :let @{reg-name} = {expr1}			*:let-register* *:let-@*
    			Write the result of the expression {expr1} in register
    			{reg-name}.  {reg-name} must be a single letter, and
    			must be the name of a writable register (see
    			|registers|).  "@@" can be used for the unnamed
    			register, "@/" for the search pattern.
    			If the result of {expr1} ends in a <CR> or <NL>, the
    			register will be linewise, otherwise it will be set to
    			characterwise.
    			This can be used to clear the last search pattern:
    				:let @/ = ""
     			This is different from searching for an empty string,
    			that would match everywhere.

    :let @{reg-name} .= {expr1}
    			Append {expr1} to register {reg-name}.  If the
    			register was empty it's like setting it to {expr1}.

    :let &{option-name} = {expr1}			*:let-option* *:let-&*
    			Set option {option-name} to the result of the
    			expression {expr1}.  A String or Number value is
    			always converted to the type of the option.
    			For an option local to a window or buffer the effect
    			is just like using the |:set| command: both the local
    			value and the global value are changed.
    			Example:
    				:let &path = &path . ',/usr/local/include'
     			This also works for terminal codes in the form t_xx.
    			But only for alphanumerical names.  Example:
    				:let &t_k1 = "\<Esc>[234;"
     			When the code does not exist yet it will be created as
    			a terminal key code, there is no error.

    :let &{option-name} .= {expr1}
    			For a string option: Append {expr1} to the value.
    			Does not insert a comma like |:set+=|.

    :let &{option-name} += {expr1}
    :let &{option-name} -= {expr1}
    			For a number or boolean option: Add or subtract
    			{expr1}.

    :let &l:{option-name} = {expr1}
    :let &l:{option-name} .= {expr1}
    :let &l:{option-name} += {expr1}
    :let &l:{option-name} -= {expr1}
    			Like above, but only set the local value of an option
    			(if there is one).  Works like |:setlocal|.

    :let &g:{option-name} = {expr1}
    :let &g:{option-name} .= {expr1}
    :let &g:{option-name} += {expr1}
    :let &g:{option-name} -= {expr1}
    			Like above, but only set the global value of an option
    			(if there is one).  Works like |:setglobal|.

    :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] = {expr1}		*:let-unpack* *E687* *E688*
    			{expr1} must evaluate to a |List|.  The first item in
    			the list is assigned to {name1}, the second item to
    			{name2}, etc.
    			The number of names must match the number of items in
    			the |List|.
    			Each name can be one of the items of the ":let"
    			command as mentioned above.
    			Example:
    				:let [s, item] = GetItem(s)
     			Detail: {expr1} is evaluated first, then the
    			assignments are done in sequence.  This matters if
    			{name2} depends on {name1}.  Example:
    				:let x = [0, 1]
    				:let i = 0
    				:let [i, x[i]] = [1, 2]
    				:echo x
     			The result is [0, 2].

    :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] .= {expr1}
    :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] += {expr1}
    :let [{name1}, {name2}, ...] -= {expr1}
    			Like above, but append/add/subtract the value for each
    			|List| item.

    :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] = {expr1}
    			Like |:let-unpack| above, but the |List| may have more
    			items than there are names.  A list of the remaining
    			items is assigned to {lastname}.  If there are no
    			remaining items {lastname} is set to an empty list.
    			Example:
    				:let [a, b; rest] = ["aval", "bval", 3, 4]

    :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] .= {expr1}
    :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] += {expr1}
    :let [{name}, ..., ; {lastname}] -= {expr1}
    			Like above, but append/add/subtract the value for each
    			|List| item.

    								*E121*
    :let {var-name}	..	List the value of variable {var-name}.  Multiple
    			variable names may be given.  Special names recognized

    			here:				*E738*
    			  g:	global variables
    			  b:	local buffer variables
    			  w:	local window variables
    			  t:	local tab page variables
    			  s:	script-local variables
    			  l:	local function variables
    			  v:	Vim variables.

    :let			List the values of all variables.  The type of the
    			variable is indicated before the value:
    			    <nothing>	String
    				#	Number
    				*	Funcref

    :unl[et][!] {name} ...				*:unlet* *:unl* *E108* *E795*
    			Remove the internal variable {name}.  Several variable
    			names can be given, they are all removed.  The name
    			may also be a |List| or |Dictionary| item.
    			With [!] no error message is given for non-existing
    			variables.
    			One or more items from a |List| can be removed:
    				:unlet list[3]	  " remove fourth item
    				:unlet list[3:]   " remove fourth item to last
     			One item from a |Dictionary| can be removed at a time:
    				:unlet dict['two']
    				:unlet dict.two
     			This is especially useful to clean up used global
    			variables and script-local variables (these are not
    			deleted when the script ends).  Function-local
    			variables are automatically deleted when the function
    			ends.

    :unl[et] ${env-name} ...			*:unlet-environment* *:unlet-$*
    			Remove environment variable {env-name}.
    			Can mix {name} and ${env-name} in one :unlet command.
    			No error message is given for a non-existing
    			variable, also without !.
    			If the system does not support deleting an environment
    			variable, it is made emtpy.

    :lockv[ar][!] [depth] {name} ...			*:lockvar* *:lockv*
    			Lock the internal variable {name}.  Locking means that
    			it can no longer be changed (until it is unlocked).
    			A locked variable can be deleted:
    				:lockvar v
    				:let v = 'asdf'		" fails!
    				:unlet v

     							*E741* *E940*
    			If you try to change a locked variable you get an
    			error message: "E741: Value is locked: {name}".
    			If you try to lock or unlock a built-in variable you
    			get an error message: "E940: Cannot lock or unlock
    			variable {name}".

    			[depth] is relevant when locking a |List| or
    			|Dictionary|.  It specifies how deep the locking goes:
    				1	Lock the |List| or |Dictionary| itself,
    					cannot add or remove items, but can
    					still change their values.
    				2	Also lock the values, cannot change
    					the items.  If an item is a |List| or
    					|Dictionary|, cannot add or remove
    					items, but can still change the
    					values.
    				3	Like 2 but for the |List| /
    					|Dictionary| in the |List| /
    					|Dictionary|, one level deeper.
    			The default [depth] is 2, thus when {name} is a |List|
    			or |Dictionary| the values cannot be changed.

    								*E743*
    			For unlimited depth use [!] and omit [depth].
    			However, there is a maximum depth of 100 to catch
    			loops.

    			Note that when two variables refer to the same |List|
    			and you lock one of them, the |List| will also be
    			locked when used through the other variable.
    			Example:
    				:let l = [0, 1, 2, 3]
    				:let cl = l
    				:lockvar l
    				:let cl[1] = 99		" won't work!
     			You may want to make a copy of a list to avoid this.
    			See |deepcopy()|.

    :unlo[ckvar][!] [depth] {name} ...			*:unlockvar* *:unlo*
    			Unlock the internal variable {name}.  Does the
    			opposite of |:lockvar|.

    :if {expr1}			*:if* *:endif* *:en* *E171* *E579* *E580*
    :en[dif]		Execute the commands until the next matching ":else"
    			or ":endif" if {expr1} evaluates to non-zero.

    			From Vim version 4.5 until 5.0, every Ex command in
    			between the ":if" and ":endif" is ignored.  These two
    			commands were just to allow for future expansions in a
    			backward compatible way.  Nesting was allowed.  Note
    			that any ":else" or ":elseif" was ignored, the "else"
    			part was not executed either.

    			You can use this to remain compatible with older
    			versions:
    				:if version >= 500
    				:  version-5-specific-commands
    				:endif
     			The commands still need to be parsed to find the
    			"endif".  Sometimes an older Vim has a problem with a
    			new command.  For example, ":silent" is recognized as
    			a ":substitute" command.  In that case ":execute" can
    			avoid problems:
    				:if version >= 600
    				:  execute "silent 1,$delete"
    				:endif

    			NOTE: The ":append" and ":insert" commands don't work
    			properly in between ":if" and ":endif".

    						*:else* *:el* *E581* *E583*
    :el[se]			Execute the commands until the next matching ":else"
    			or ":endif" if they previously were not being
    			executed.

    					*:elseif* *:elsei* *E582* *E584*
    :elsei[f] {expr1}	Short for ":else" ":if", with the addition that there
    			is no extra ":endif".

    :wh[ile] {expr1}			*:while* *:endwhile* *:wh* *:endw*

    						*E170* *E585* *E588* *E733*
    :endw[hile]		Repeat the commands between ":while" and ":endwhile",
    			as long as {expr1} evaluates to non-zero.
    			When an error is detected from a command inside the
    			loop, execution continues after the "endwhile".
    			Example:
    				:let lnum = 1
    				:while lnum <= line("$")
    				   :call FixLine(lnum)
    				   :let lnum = lnum + 1
    				:endwhile

    			NOTE: The ":append" and ":insert" commands don't work
    			properly inside a ":while" and ":for" loop.

    :for {var} in {list}					*:for* *E690* *E732*

    :endfo[r]						*:endfo* *:endfor*
    			Repeat the commands between ":for" and ":endfor" for
    			each item in {list}.  Variable {var} is set to the
    			value of each item.
    			When an error is detected for a command inside the
    			loop, execution continues after the "endfor".
    			Changing {list} inside the loop affects what items are
    			used.  Make a copy if this is unwanted:
    				:for item in copy(mylist)
     			When not making a copy, Vim stores a reference to the
    			next item in the list, before executing the commands
    			with the current item.  Thus the current item can be
    			removed without effect.  Removing any later item means
    			it will not be found.  Thus the following example
    			works (an inefficient way to make a list empty):
    				for item in mylist
    				   call remove(mylist, 0)
    				endfor
     			Note that reordering the list (e.g., with sort() or
    			reverse()) may have unexpected effects.

    :for [{var1}, {var2}, ...] in {listlist}
    :endfo[r]
    			Like ":for" above, but each item in {listlist} must be
    			a list, of which each item is assigned to {var1},
    			{var2}, etc.  Example:
    				:for [lnum, col] in [[1, 3], [2, 5], [3, 8]]
    				   :echo getline(lnum)[col]
    				:endfor

    						*:continue* *:con* *E586*
    :con[tinue]		When used inside a ":while" or ":for" loop, jumps back
    			to the start of the loop.
    			If it is used after a |:try| inside the loop but
    			before the matching |:finally| (if present), the
    			commands following the ":finally" up to the matching
    			|:endtry| are executed first.  This process applies to
    			all nested ":try"s inside the loop.  The outermost
    			":endtry" then jumps back to the start of the loop.

    						*:break* *:brea* *E587*
    :brea[k]		When used inside a ":while" or ":for" loop, skips to
    			the command after the matching ":endwhile" or
    			":endfor".
    			If it is used after a |:try| inside the loop but
    			before the matching |:finally| (if present), the
    			commands following the ":finally" up to the matching
    			|:endtry| are executed first.  This process applies to
    			all nested ":try"s inside the loop.  The outermost
    			":endtry" then jumps to the command after the loop.

    :try				*:try* *:endt* *:endtry* *E600* *E601* *E602*
    :endt[ry]		Change the error handling for the commands between
    			":try" and ":endtry" including everything being
    			executed across ":source" commands, function calls,
    			or autocommand invocations.

    			When an error or interrupt is detected and there is
    			a |:finally| command following, execution continues
    			after the ":finally".  Otherwise, or when the
    			":endtry" is reached thereafter, the next
    			(dynamically) surrounding ":try" is checked for
    			a corresponding ":finally" etc.  Then the script
    			processing is terminated.  (Whether a function
    			definition has an "abort" argument does not matter.)
    			Example:
    		:try | edit too much | finally | echo "cleanup" | endtry
    		:echo "impossible"	" not reached, script terminated above

    			Moreover, an error or interrupt (dynamically) inside
    			":try" and ":endtry" is converted to an exception.  It
    			can be caught as if it were thrown by a |:throw|
    			command (see |:catch|).  In this case, the script
    			processing is not terminated.

    			The value "Vim:Interrupt" is used for an interrupt
    			exception.  An error in a Vim command is converted
    			to a value of the form "Vim({command}):{errmsg}",
    			other errors are converted to a value of the form
    			"Vim:{errmsg}".  {command} is the full command name,
    			and {errmsg} is the message that is displayed if the
    			error exception is not caught, always beginning with
    			the error number.
    			Examples:
    		:try | sleep 100 | catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/ | endtry
    		:try | edit | catch /^Vim(edit):E\d\+/ | echo "error" | endtry

    					*:cat* *:catch* *E603* *E604* *E605*
    :cat[ch] /{pattern}/	The following commands until the next |:catch|,
    			|:finally|, or |:endtry| that belongs to the same
    			|:try| as the ":catch" are executed when an exception
    			matching {pattern} is being thrown and has not yet
    			been caught by a previous ":catch".  Otherwise, these
    			commands are skipped.
    			When {pattern} is omitted all errors are caught.
    			Examples:
    		:catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/	" catch interrupts (CTRL-C)
    		:catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:E/	" catch all Vim errors
    		:catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:/	" catch errors and interrupts
    		:catch /^Vim(write):/		" catch all errors in :write
    		:catch /^Vim\%((\a\+)\)\=:E123/	" catch error E123
    		:catch /my-exception/		" catch user exception
    		:catch /.*/			" catch everything
    		:catch				" same as /.*/

    			Another character can be used instead of / around the
    			{pattern}, so long as it does not have a special
    			meaning (e.g., '|' or '"'') and doesn't occur inside
    			{pattern}.
    			Information about the exception is available in
    			|v:exception|.  Also see |throw-variables|.
    			NOTE: It is not reliable to ":catch" the TEXT of
    			an error message because it may vary in different
    			locales.

    					*:fina* *:finally* *E606* *E607*
    :fina[lly]		The following commands until the matching |:endtry|
    			are executed whenever the part between the matching
    			|:try| and the ":finally" is left:  either by falling
    			through to the ":finally" or by a |:continue|,
    			|:break|, |:finish|, or |:return|, or by an error or
    			interrupt or exception (see |:throw|).

    							*:th* *:throw* *E608*
    :th[row] {expr1}	The {expr1} is evaluated and thrown as an exception.
    			If the ":throw" is used after a |:try| but before the
    			first corresponding |:catch|, commands are skipped
    			until the first ":catch" matching {expr1} is reached.
    			If there is no such ":catch" or if the ":throw" is
    			used after a ":catch" but before the |:finally|, the
    			commands following the ":finally" (if present) up to
    			the matching |:endtry| are executed.  If the ":throw"
    			is after the ":finally", commands up to the ":endtry"
    			are skipped.  At the ":endtry", this process applies
    			again for the next dynamically surrounding ":try"
    			(which may be found in a calling function or sourcing
    			script), until a matching ":catch" has been found.
    			If the exception is not caught, the command processing
    			is terminated.
    			Example:
    		:try | throw "oops" | catch /^oo/ | echo "caught" | endtry
     			Note that "catch" may need to be on a separate line
    			for when an error causes the parsing to skip the whole
    			line and not see the "|" that separates the commands.

    							*:ec* *:echo*
    :ec[ho] {expr1} ..	Echoes each {expr1}, with a space in between.  The
    			first {expr1} starts on a new line.
    			Also see |:comment|.
    			Use "\n" to start a new line.  Use "\r" to move the
    			cursor to the first column.
    			Uses the highlighting set by the |:echohl| command.
    			Cannot be followed by a comment.
    			Example:
    		:echo "the value of 'shell' is" &shell

     							*:echo-redraw*
    			A later redraw may make the message disappear again.
    			And since Vim mostly postpones redrawing until it's
    			finished with a sequence of commands this happens
    			quite often.  To avoid that a command from before the
    			":echo" causes a redraw afterwards (redraws are often
    			postponed until you type something), force a redraw
    			with the |:redraw| command.  Example:
    		:new | redraw | echo "there is a new window"

    							*:echon*
    :echon {expr1} ..	Echoes each {expr1}, without anything added.  Also see
    			|:comment|.
    			Uses the highlighting set by the |:echohl| command.
    			Cannot be followed by a comment.
    			Example:
    				:echon "the value of 'shell' is " &shell

    			Note the difference between using ":echo", which is a
    			Vim command, and ":!echo", which is an external shell
    			command:
    		:!echo %		--> filename
     			The arguments of ":!" are expanded, see |:_%|.
    		:!echo "%"		--> filename or "filename"
     			Like the previous example.  Whether you see the double
    			quotes or not depends on your 'shell'.
    		:echo %			--> nothing
     			The '%' is an illegal character in an expression.
    		:echo "%"		--> %
     			This just echoes the '%' character.
    		:echo expand("%")	--> filename
     			This calls the expand() function to expand the '%'.

    							*:echoh* *:echohl*
    :echoh[l] {name}	Use the highlight group {name} for the following
    			|:echo|, |:echon| and |:echomsg| commands.  Also used
    			for the |input()| prompt.  Example:
    		:echohl WarningMsg | echo "Don't panic!" | echohl None
     			Don't forget to set the group back to "None",
    			otherwise all following echo's will be highlighted.

    							*:echom* *:echomsg*
    :echom[sg] {expr1} ..	Echo the expression(s) as a true message, saving the
    			message in the |message-history|.
    			Spaces are placed between the arguments as with the
    			|:echo| command.  But unprintable characters are
    			displayed, not interpreted.
    			The parsing works slightly different from |:echo|,
    			more like |:execute|.  All the expressions are first
    			evaluated and concatenated before echoing anything.
    			The expressions must evaluate to a Number or String, a
    			Dictionary or List causes an error.
    			Uses the highlighting set by the |:echohl| command.
    			Example:
    		:echomsg "It's a Zizzer Zazzer Zuzz, as you can plainly see."
     			See |:echo-redraw| to avoid the message disappearing
    			when the screen is redrawn.

    							*:echoe* *:echoerr*
    :echoe[rr] {expr1} ..	Echo the expression(s) as an error message, saving the
    			message in the |message-history|.  When used in a
    			script or function the line number will be added.
    			Spaces are placed between the arguments as with the
    			:echo command.  When used inside a try conditional,
    			the message is raised as an error exception instead
    			(see |try-echoerr|).
    			Example:
    		:echoerr "This script just failed!"
     			If you just want a highlighted message use |:echohl|.
    			And to get a beep:
    		:exe "normal \<Esc>"

    							*:exe* *:execute*
    :exe[cute] {expr1} ..	Executes the string that results from the evaluation
    			of {expr1} as an Ex command.
    			Multiple arguments are concatenated, with a space in
    			between.  To avoid the extra space use the "."
    			operator to concatenate strings into one argument.
    			{expr1} is used as the processed command, command line
    			editing keys are not recognized.
    			Cannot be followed by a comment.
    			Examples:
    		:execute "buffer" nextbuf
    		:execute "normal" count . "w"

    			":execute" can be used to append a command to commands
    			that don't accept a '|'.  Example:
    		:execute '!ls' | echo "theend"

     			":execute" is also a nice way to avoid having to type
    			control characters in a Vim script for a ":normal"
    			command:
    		:execute "normal ixxx\<Esc>"
     			This has an <Esc> character, see |expr-string|.

    			Be careful to correctly escape special characters in
    			file names.  The |fnameescape()| function can be used
    			for Vim commands, |shellescape()| for |:!| commands.
    			Examples:
    		:execute "e " . fnameescape(filename)
    		:execute "!ls " . shellescape(filename, 1)

    			Note: The executed string may be any command-line, but
    			starting or ending "if", "while" and "for" does not
    			always work, because when commands are skipped the
    			":execute" is not evaluated and Vim loses track of
    			where blocks start and end.  Also "break" and
    			"continue" should not be inside ":execute".
    			This example does not work, because the ":execute" is
    			not evaluated and Vim does not see the "while", and
    			gives an error for finding an ":endwhile":
    		:if 0
    		: execute 'while i > 5'
    		:  echo "test"
    		: endwhile
    		:endif

    			It is allowed to have a "while" or "if" command
    			completely in the executed string:
    		:execute 'while i < 5 | echo i | let i = i + 1 | endwhile'

    							*:exe-comment*
    			":execute", ":echo" and ":echon" cannot be followed by
    			a comment directly, because they see the '"'' as the
    			start of a string.  But, you can use '|' followed by a
    			comment.  Example:
    		:echo "foo" | "this is a comment

    ==============================================================================

    8. Exception handling					*exception-handling*

    The Vim script language comprises an exception handling feature.  This section
    explains how it can be used in a Vim script.

    Exceptions may be raised by Vim on an error or on interrupt, see
    |catch-errors| and |catch-interrupt|.  You can also explicitly throw an
    exception by using the ":throw" command, see |throw-catch|.

    TRY CONDITIONALS					*try-conditionals*

    Exceptions can be caught or can cause cleanup code to be executed.  You can
    use a try conditional to specify catch clauses (that catch exceptions) and/or
    a finally clause (to be executed for cleanup).
       A try conditional begins with a |:try| command and ends at the matching
    |:endtry| command.  In between, you can use a |:catch| command to start
    a catch clause, or a |:finally| command to start a finally clause.  There may
    be none or multiple catch clauses, but there is at most one finally clause,
    which must not be followed by any catch clauses.  The lines before the catch
    clauses and the finally clause is called a try block.

         :try
         :	...
         :	...				TRY BLOCK
         :	...
         :catch /{pattern}/
         :	...
         :	...				CATCH CLAUSE
         :	...
         :catch /{pattern}/
         :	...
         :	...				CATCH CLAUSE
         :	...
         :finally
         :	...
         :	...				FINALLY CLAUSE
         :	...
         :endtry

    The try conditional allows to watch code for exceptions and to take the
    appropriate actions.  Exceptions from the try block may be caught.  Exceptions
    from the try block and also the catch clauses may cause cleanup actions.
       When no exception is thrown during execution of the try block, the control
    is transferred to the finally clause, if present.  After its execution, the
    script continues with the line following the ":endtry".
       When an exception occurs during execution of the try block, the remaining
    lines in the try block are skipped.  The exception is matched against the
    patterns specified as arguments to the ":catch" commands.  The catch clause
    after the first matching ":catch" is taken, other catch clauses are not
    executed.  The catch clause ends when the next ":catch", ":finally", or
    ":endtry" command is reached - whatever is first.  Then, the finally clause
    (if present) is executed.  When the ":endtry" is reached, the script execution
    continues in the following line as usual.
       When an exception that does not match any of the patterns specified by the
    ":catch" commands is thrown in the try block, the exception is not caught by
    that try conditional and none of the catch clauses is executed.  Only the
    finally clause, if present, is taken.  The exception pends during execution of
    the finally clause.  It is resumed at the ":endtry", so that commands after
    the ":endtry" are not executed and the exception might be caught elsewhere,
    see |try-nesting|.
       When during execution of a catch clause another exception is thrown, the
    remaining lines in that catch clause are not executed.  The new exception is
    not matched against the patterns in any of the ":catch" commands of the same
    try conditional and none of its catch clauses is taken.  If there is, however,
    a finally clause, it is executed, and the exception pends during its
    execution.  The commands following the ":endtry" are not executed.  The new
    exception might, however, be caught elsewhere, see |try-nesting|.
       When during execution of the finally clause (if present) an exception is
    thrown, the remaining lines in the finally clause are skipped.  If the finally
    clause has been taken because of an exception from the try block or one of the
    catch clauses, the original (pending) exception is discarded.  The commands
    following the ":endtry" are not executed, and the exception from the finally
    clause is propagated and can be caught elsewhere, see |try-nesting|.

    The finally clause is also executed, when a ":break" or ":continue" for
    a ":while" loop enclosing the complete try conditional is executed from the
    try block or a catch clause.  Or when a ":return" or ":finish" is executed
    from the try block or a catch clause of a try conditional in a function or
    sourced script, respectively.  The ":break", ":continue", ":return", or
    ":finish" pends during execution of the finally clause and is resumed when the
    ":endtry" is reached.  It is, however, discarded when an exception is thrown
    from the finally clause.
       When a ":break" or ":continue" for a ":while" loop enclosing the complete
    try conditional or when a ":return" or ":finish" is encountered in the finally
    clause, the rest of the finally clause is skipped, and the ":break",
    ":continue", ":return" or ":finish" is executed as usual.  If the finally
    clause has been taken because of an exception or an earlier ":break",
    ":continue", ":return", or ":finish" from the try block or a catch clause,
    this pending exception or command is discarded.

    For examples see |throw-catch| and |try-finally|.

    NESTING	OF TRY CONDITIONALS				*try-nesting*

    Try conditionals can be nested arbitrarily.  That is, a complete try
    conditional can be put into the try block, a catch clause, or the finally
    clause of another try conditional.  If the inner try conditional does not
    catch an exception thrown in its try block or throws a new exception from one
    of its catch clauses or its finally clause, the outer try conditional is
    checked according to the rules above.  If the inner try conditional is in the
    try block of the outer try conditional, its catch clauses are checked, but
    otherwise only the finally clause is executed.  It does not matter for
    nesting, whether the inner try conditional is directly contained in the outer
    one, or whether the outer one sources a script or calls a function containing
    the inner try conditional.

    When none of the active try conditionals catches an exception, just their
    finally clauses are executed.  Thereafter, the script processing terminates.
    An error message is displayed in case of an uncaught exception explicitly
    thrown by a ":throw" command.  For uncaught error and interrupt exceptions
    implicitly raised by Vim, the error message(s) or interrupt message are shown
    as usual.

    For examples see |throw-catch|.

    EXAMINING EXCEPTION HANDLING CODE			*except-examine*

    Exception handling code can get tricky.  If you are in doubt what happens, set
    'verbose' to 13 or use the ":13verbose" command modifier when sourcing your
    script file.  Then you see when an exception is thrown, discarded, caught, or
    finished.  When using a verbosity level of at least 14, things pending in
    a finally clause are also shown.  This information is also given in debug mode
    (see |debug-scripts|).

    THROWING AND CATCHING EXCEPTIONS			*throw-catch*

    You can throw any number or string as an exception.  Use the |:throw| command
    and pass the value to be thrown as argument:
    	:throw 4711
    	:throw "string"

     							*throw-expression*
    You can also specify an expression argument.  The expression is then evaluated
    first, and the result is thrown:
    	:throw 4705 + strlen("string")
    	:throw strpart("strings", 0, 6)

    An exception might be thrown during evaluation of the argument of the ":throw"
    command.  Unless it is caught there, the expression evaluation is abandoned.
    The ":throw" command then does not throw a new exception.
       Example:

    	:function! Foo(arg)
    	:  try
    	:    throw a:arg
    	:  catch /foo/
    	:  endtry
    	:  return 1
    	:endfunction
    	:
    	:function! Bar()
    	:  echo "in Bar"
    	:  return 4710
    	:endfunction
    	:
    	:throw Foo("arrgh") + Bar()

    This throws "arrgh", and "in Bar" is not displayed since Bar() is not
    executed.
    	:throw Foo("foo") + Bar()
    however displays "in Bar" and throws 4711.

    Any other command that takes an expression as argument might also be
    abandoned by an (uncaught) exception during the expression evaluation.  The
    exception is then propagated to the caller of the command.
       Example:

    	:if Foo("arrgh")
    	:  echo "then"
    	:else
    	:  echo "else"
    	:endif

    Here neither of "then" or "else" is displayed.

    							*catch-order*
    Exceptions can be caught by a try conditional with one or more |:catch|
    commands, see |try-conditionals|.   The values to be caught by each ":catch"
    command can be specified as a pattern argument.  The subsequent catch clause
    gets executed when a matching exception is caught.
       Example:

    	:function! Foo(value)
    	:  try
    	:    throw a:value
    	:  catch /^\d\+$/
    	:    echo "Number thrown"
    	:  catch /.*/
    	:    echo "String thrown"
    	:  endtry
    	:endfunction
    	:
    	:call Foo(0x1267)
    	:call Foo('string')

    The first call to Foo() displays "Number thrown", the second "String thrown".
    An exception is matched against the ":catch" commands in the order they are
    specified.  Only the first match counts.  So you should place the more
    specific ":catch" first.  The following order does not make sense:

    	:  catch /.*/
    	:    echo "String thrown"
    	:  catch /^\d\+$/
    	:    echo "Number thrown"

    The first ":catch" here matches always, so that the second catch clause is
    never taken.

    							*throw-variables*
    If you catch an exception by a general pattern, you may access the exact value
    in the variable YXXYv:exception|:

    	:  catch /^\d\+$/
    	:    echo "Number thrown.  Value is" v:exception

    You may also be interested where an exception was thrown.  This is stored in
    |v:throwpoint|.  Note that "v:exception" and "v:throwpoint" are valid for the
    exception most recently caught as long it is not finished.
       Example:

    	:function! Caught()
    	:  if v:exception != ""
    	:    echo 'Caught "' . v:exception . '" in ' . v:throwpoint
    	:  else
    	:    echo 'Nothing caught'
    	:  endif
    	:endfunction
    	:
    	:function! Foo()
    	:  try
    	:    try
    	:      try
    	:	 throw 4711
    	:      finally
    	:	 call Caught()
    	:      endtry
    	:    catch /.*/
    	:      call Caught()
    	:      throw "oops"
    	:    endtry
    	:  catch /.*/
    	:    call Caught()
    	:  finally
    	:    call Caught()
    	:  endtry
    	:endfunction
    	:
    	:call Foo()

    This displays

    	Nothing caught
    	Caught "4711" in function Foo, line 4
    	Caught "oops" in function Foo, line 10
    	Nothing caught

    A practical example:  The following command ":LineNumber" displays the line
    number in the script or function where it has been used:

    	:function! LineNumber()
    	:    return substitute(v:throwpoint, '.*\D\(\d\+\).*', '\1', "")
    	:endfunction
    	:command! LineNumber try | throw "" | catch | echo LineNumber() | endtry

    							*try-nested*
    An exception that is not caught by a try conditional can be caught by
    a surrounding try conditional:

    	:try
    	:  try
    	:    throw "foo"
    	:  catch /foobar/
    	:    echo "foobar"
    	:  finally
    	:    echo "inner finally"
    	:  endtry
    	:catch /foo/
    	:  echo "foo"
    	:endtry

    The inner try conditional does not catch the exception, just its finally
    clause is executed.  The exception is then caught by the outer try
    conditional.  The example displays "inner finally" and then "foo".

    							*throw-from-catch*
    You can catch an exception and throw a new one to be caught elsewhere from the
    catch clause:

    	:function! Foo()
    	:  throw "foo"
    	:endfunction
    	:
    	:function! Bar()
    	:  try
    	:    call Foo()
    	:  catch /foo/
    	:    echo "Caught foo, throw bar"
    	:    throw "bar"
    	:  endtry
    	:endfunction
    	:
    	:try
    	:  call Bar()
    	:catch /.*/
    	:  echo "Caught" v:exception
    	:endtry

    This displays "Caught foo, throw bar" and then "Caught bar".

    							*rethrow*
    There is no real rethrow in the Vim script language, but you may throw
    "v:exception" instead:

    	:function! Bar()
    	:  try
    	:    call Foo()
    	:  catch /.*/
    	:    echo "Rethrow" v:exception
    	:    throw v:exception
    	:  endtry
    	:endfunction

     							*try-echoerr*
    Note that this method cannot be used to "rethrow" Vim error or interrupt
    exceptions, because it is not possible to fake Vim internal exceptions.
    Trying so causes an error exception.  You should throw your own exception
    denoting the situation.  If you want to cause a Vim error exception containing
    the original error exception value, you can use the |:echoerr| command:

    	:try
    	:  try
    	:    asdf
    	:  catch /.*/
    	:    echoerr v:exception
    	:  endtry
    	:catch /.*/
    	:  echo v:exception
    	:endtry

    This code displays

    	Vim(echoerr):Vim:E492: Not an editor command:	asdf

    CLEANUP CODE						*try-finally*

    Scripts often change global settings and restore them at their end.  If the
    user however interrupts the script by pressing CTRL-C, the settings remain in
    an inconsistent state.  The same may happen to you in the development phase of
    a script when an error occurs or you explicitly throw an exception without
    catching it.  You can solve these problems by using a try conditional with
    a finally clause for restoring the settings.  Its execution is guaranteed on
    normal control flow, on error, on an explicit ":throw", and on interrupt.
    (Note that errors and interrupts from inside the try conditional are converted
    to exceptions.  When not caught, they terminate the script after the finally
    clause has been executed.)
    Example:

    	:try
    	:  let s:saved_ts = &ts
    	:  set ts=17
    	:
    	:  " Do the hard work here.
    	:
    	:finally
    	:  let &ts = s:saved_ts
    	:  unlet s:saved_ts
    	:endtry

    This method should be used locally whenever a function or part of a script
    changes global settings which need to be restored on failure or normal exit of
    that function or script part.

    							*break-finally*
    Cleanup code works also when the try block or a catch clause is left by
    a ":continue", ":break", ":return", or ":finish".
       Example:

    	:let first = 1
    	:while 1
    	:  try
    	:    if first
    	:      echo "first"
    	:      let first = 0
    	:      continue
    	:    else
    	:      throw "second"
    	:    endif
    	:  catch /.*/
    	:    echo v:exception
    	:    break
    	:  finally
    	:    echo "cleanup"
    	:  endtry
    	:  echo "still in while"
    	:endwhile
    	:echo "end"

    This displays "first", "cleanup", "second", "cleanup", and "end".

    	:function! Foo()
    	:  try
    	:    return 4711
    	:  finally
    	:    echo "cleanup\n"
    	:  endtry
    	:  echo "Foo still active"
    	:endfunction
    	:
    	:echo Foo() "returned by Foo"

    This displays "cleanup" and "4711 returned by Foo".  You don't need to add an
    extra ":return" in the finally clause.  (Above all, this would override the
    return value.)

    							*except-from-finally*
    Using either of ":continue", ":break", ":return", ":finish", or ":throw" in
    a finally clause is possible, but not recommended since it abandons the
    cleanup actions for the try conditional.  But, of course, interrupt and error
    exceptions might get raised from a finally clause.
       Example where an error in the finally clause stops an interrupt from
    working correctly:

    	:try
    	:  try
    	:    echo "Press CTRL-C for interrupt"
    	:    while 1
    	:    endwhile
    	:  finally
    	:    unlet novar
    	:  endtry
    	:catch /novar/
    	:endtry
    	:echo "Script still running"
    	:sleep 1

    If you need to put commands that could fail into a finally clause, you should
    think about catching or ignoring the errors in these commands, see
    |catch-errors| and |ignore-errors|.

    CATCHING ERRORS						*catch-errors*

    If you want to catch specific errors, you just have to put the code to be
    watched in a try block and add a catch clause for the error message.  The
    presence of the try conditional causes all errors to be converted to an
    exception.  No message is displayed and |v:errmsg| is not set then.  To find
    the right pattern for the ":catch" command, you have to know how the format of
    the error exception is.
       Error exceptions have the following format:

    	Vim({cmdname}):{errmsg}
    or
    	Vim:{errmsg}

    {cmdname} is the name of the command that failed; the second form is used when
    the command name is not known.  {errmsg} is the error message usually produced
    when the error occurs outside try conditionals.  It always begins with
    a capital "E", followed by a two or three-digit error number, a colon, and
    a space.

    Examples:

    The command
    	:unlet novar
    normally produces the error message
    	E108: No such variable: "novar"
    which is converted inside try conditionals to an exception
    	Vim(unlet):E108: No such variable: "novar"

    The command
    	:dwim
    normally produces the error message
    	E492: Not an editor command: dwim
    which is converted inside try conditionals to an exception
    	Vim:E492: Not an editor command: dwim

    You can catch all ":unlet" errors by a
    	:catch /^Vim(unlet):/
    or all errors for misspelled command names by a
    	:catch /^Vim:E492:/

    Some error messages may be produced by different commands:
    	:function nofunc
    and
    	:delfunction nofunc
    both produce the error message
    	E128: Function name must start with a capital: nofunc
    which is converted inside try conditionals to an exception
    	Vim(function):E128: Function name must start with a capital: nofunc
    or
    	Vim(delfunction):E128: Function name must start with a capital: nofunc
    respectively.  You can catch the error by its number independently on the
    command that caused it if you use the following pattern:
    	:catch /^Vim(\a\+):E128:/

    Some commands like
    	:let x = novar
    produce multiple error messages, here:
    	E121: Undefined variable: novar
    	E15: Invalid expression:  novar
    Only the first is used for the exception value, since it is the most specific
    one (see |except-several-errors|).  So you can catch it by
    	:catch /^Vim(\a\+):E121:/

    You can catch all errors related to the name "nofunc" by
    	:catch /\<nofunc\>/

    You can catch all Vim errors in the ":write" and ":read" commands by
    	:catch /^Vim(\(write\|read\)):E\d\+:/

    You can catch all Vim errors by the pattern
    	:catch /^Vim\((\a\+)\)\=:E\d\+:/

    							*catch-text*
    NOTE: You should never catch the error message text itself:
    	:catch /No such variable/
    only works in the English locale, but not when the user has selected
    a different language by the |:language| command.  It is however helpful to
    cite the message text in a comment:
    	:catch /^Vim(\a\+):E108:/   " No such variable

    IGNORING ERRORS						*ignore-errors*

    You can ignore errors in a specific Vim command by catching them locally:

    	:try
    	:  write
    	:catch
    	:endtry

    But you are strongly recommended NOT to use this simple form, since it could
    catch more than you want.  With the ":write" command, some autocommands could
    be executed and cause errors not related to writing, for instance:

    	:au BufWritePre * unlet novar

    There could even be such errors you are not responsible for as a script
    writer: a user of your script might have defined such autocommands.  You would
    then hide the error from the user.
       It is much better to use

    	:try
    	:  write
    	:catch /^Vim(write):/
    	:endtry

    which only catches real write errors.  So catch only what you'd like to ignore
    intentionally.

    For a single command that does not cause execution of autocommands, you could
    even suppress the conversion of errors to exceptions by the ":silent!"
    command:
    	:silent! nunmap k
    This works also when a try conditional is active.

    CATCHING INTERRUPTS					*catch-interrupt*

    When there are active try conditionals, an interrupt (CTRL-C) is converted to
    the exception "Vim:Interrupt".  You can catch it like every exception.  The
    script is not terminated, then.
       Example:

    	:function! TASK1()
    	:  sleep 10
    	:endfunction

    	:function! TASK2()
    	:  sleep 20
    	:endfunction

    	:while 1
    	:  let command = input("Type a command: ")
    	:  try
    	:    if command == ""
    	:      continue
    	:    elseif command == "END"
    	:      break
    	:    elseif command == "TASK1"
    	:      call TASK1()
    	:    elseif command == "TASK2"
    	:      call TASK2()
    	:    else
    	:      echo "\nIllegal command:" command
    	:      continue
    	:    endif
    	:  catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/
    	:    echo "\nCommand interrupted"
    	:    " Caught the interrupt.  Continue with next prompt.
    	:  endtry
    	:endwhile

    You can interrupt a task here by pressing CTRL-C; the script then asks for
    a new command.  If you press CTRL-C at the prompt, the script is terminated.

    For testing what happens when CTRL-C would be pressed on a specific line in
    your script, use the debug mode and execute the |>quit| or |>interrupt|
    command on that line.  See |debug-scripts|.

    CATCHING ALL						*catch-all*

    The commands

    	:catch /.*/
    	:catch //
    	:catch

    catch everything, error exceptions, interrupt exceptions and exceptions
    explicitly thrown by the |:throw| command.  This is useful at the top level of
    a script in order to catch unexpected things.
       Example:

    	:try
    	:
    	:  " do the hard work here
    	:
    	:catch /MyException/
    	:
    	:  " handle known problem
    	:
    	:catch /^Vim:Interrupt$/
    	:    echo "Script interrupted"
    	:catch /.*/
    	:  echo "Internal error (" . v:exception . ")"
    	:  echo " - occurred at " . v:throwpoint
    	:endtry
    	:" end of script

    Note: Catching all might catch more things than you want.  Thus, you are
    strongly encouraged to catch only for problems that you can really handle by
    specifying a pattern argument to the ":catch".
       Example: Catching all could make it nearly impossible to interrupt a script
    by pressing CTRL-C:

    	:while 1
    	:  try
    	:    sleep 1
    	:  catch
    	:  endtry
    	:endwhile

    EXCEPTIONS AND AUTOCOMMANDS				*except-autocmd*

    Exceptions may be used during execution of autocommands.  Example:

    	:autocmd User x try
    	:autocmd User x   throw "Oops!"
    	:autocmd User x catch
    	:autocmd User x   echo v:exception
    	:autocmd User x endtry
    	:autocmd User x throw "Arrgh!"
    	:autocmd User x echo "Should not be displayed"
    	:
    	:try
    	:  doautocmd User x
    	:catch
    	:  echo v:exception
    	:endtry

    This displays "Oops!" and "Arrgh!".

    							*except-autocmd-Pre*
    For some commands, autocommands get executed before the main action of the
    command takes place.  If an exception is thrown and not caught in the sequence
    of autocommands, the sequence and the command that caused its execution are
    abandoned and the exception is propagated to the caller of the command.
       Example:

    	:autocmd BufWritePre * throw "FAIL"
    	:autocmd BufWritePre * echo "Should not be displayed"
    	:
    	:try
    	:  write
    	:catch
    	:  echo "Caught:" v:exception "from" v:throwpoint
    	:endtry

    Here, the ":write" command does not write the file currently being edited (as
    you can see by checking 'modified'), since the exception from the BufWritePre
    autocommand abandons the ":write".  The exception is then caught and the
    script displays:

    	Caught: FAIL from BufWrite Auto commands for "*"

    							*except-autocmd-Post*
    For some commands, autocommands get executed after the main action of the
    command has taken place.  If this main action fails and the command is inside
    an active try conditional, the autocommands are skipped and an error exception
    is thrown that can be caught by the caller of the command.
       Example:

    	:autocmd BufWritePost * echo "File successfully written!"
    	:
    	:try
    	:  write /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e
    	:catch
    	:  echo v:exception
    	:endtry

    This just displays:

    	Vim(write):E212: Can't open file for writing (/i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e)

    If you really need to execute the autocommands even when the main action
    fails, trigger the event from the catch clause.
       Example:

    	:autocmd BufWritePre  * set noreadonly
    	:autocmd BufWritePost * set readonly
    	:
    	:try
    	:  write /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e
    	:catch
    	:  doautocmd BufWritePost /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e
    	:endtry

    You can also use ":silent!":

    	:let x = "ok"
    	:let v:errmsg = ""
    	:autocmd BufWritePost * if v:errmsg != ""
    	:autocmd BufWritePost *   let x = "after fail"
    	:autocmd BufWritePost * endif
    	:try
    	:  silent! write /i/m/p/o/s/s/i/b/l/e
    	:catch
    	:endtry
    	:echo x

    This displays "after fail".

    If the main action of the command does not fail, exceptions from the
    autocommands will be catchable by the caller of the command:

    	:autocmd BufWritePost * throw ":-("
    	:autocmd BufWritePost * echo "Should not be displayed"
    	:
    	:try
    	:  write
    	:catch
    	:  echo v:exception
    	:endtry

    							*except-autocmd-Cmd*
    For some commands, the normal action can be replaced by a sequence of
    autocommands.  Exceptions from that sequence will be catchable by the caller
    of the command.
       Example:  For the ":write" command, the caller cannot know whether the file
    had actually been written when the exception occurred.  You need to tell it in
    some way.

    	:if !exists("cnt")
    	:  let cnt = 0
    	:
    	:  autocmd BufWriteCmd * if &modified
    	:  autocmd BufWriteCmd *   let cnt = cnt + 1
    	:  autocmd BufWriteCmd *   if cnt % 3 == 2
    	:  autocmd BufWriteCmd *     throw "BufWriteCmdError"
    	:  autocmd BufWriteCmd *   endif
    	:  autocmd BufWriteCmd *   write | set nomodified
    	:  autocmd BufWriteCmd *   if cnt % 3 == 0
    	:  autocmd BufWriteCmd *     throw "BufWriteCmdError"
    	:  autocmd BufWriteCmd *   endif
    	:  autocmd BufWriteCmd *   echo "File successfully written!"
    	:  autocmd BufWriteCmd * endif
    	:endif
    	:
    	:try
    	:	write
    	:catch /^BufWriteCmdError$/
    	:  if &modified
    	:    echo "Error on writing (file contents not changed)"
    	:  else
    	:    echo "Error after writing"
    	:  endif
    	:catch /^Vim(write):/
    	:    echo "Error on writing"
    	:endtry

    When this script is sourced several times after making changes, it displays
    first
    	File successfully written!
    then
    	Error on writing (file contents not changed)
    then
    	Error after writing
    etc.

    							*except-autocmd-ill*
    You cannot spread a try conditional over autocommands for different events.
    The following code is ill-formed:

    	:autocmd BufWritePre  * try
    	:
    	:autocmd BufWritePost * catch
    	:autocmd BufWritePost *   echo v:exception
    	:autocmd BufWritePost * endtry
    	:
    	:write

    EXCEPTION HIERARCHIES AND PARAMETERIZED EXCEPTIONS	*except-hier-param*

    Some programming languages allow to use hierarchies of exception classes or to
    pass additional information with the object of an exception class.  You can do
    similar things in Vim.
       In order to throw an exception from a hierarchy, just throw the complete
    class name with the components separated by a colon, for instance throw the
    string "EXCEPT:MATHERR:OVERFLOW" for an overflow in a mathematical library.
       When you want to pass additional information with your exception class, add
    it in parentheses, for instance throw the string "EXCEPT:IO:WRITEERR(myfile)"
    for an error when writing "myfile".
       With the appropriate patterns in the ":catch" command, you can catch for
    base classes or derived classes of your hierarchy.  Additional information in
    parentheses can be cut out from |v:exception| with the ":substitute" command.
       Example:

    	:function! CheckRange(a, func)
    	:  if a:a < 0
    	:    throw "EXCEPT:MATHERR:RANGE(" . a:func . ")"
    	:  endif
    	:endfunction
    	:
    	:function! Add(a, b)
    	:  call CheckRange(a:a, "Add")
    	:  call CheckRange(a:b, "Add")
    	:  let c = a:a + a:b
    	:  if c < 0
    	:    throw "EXCEPT:MATHERR:OVERFLOW"
    	:  endif
    	:  return c
    	:endfunction
    	:
    	:function! Div(a, b)
    	:  call CheckRange(a:a, "Div")
    	:  call CheckRange(a:b, "Div")
    	:  if (a:b == 0)
    	:    throw "EXCEPT:MATHERR:ZERODIV"
    	:  endif
    	:  return a:a / a:b
    	:endfunction
    	:
    	:function! Write(file)
    	:  try
    	:    execute "write" fnameescape(a:file)
    	:  catch /^Vim(write):/
    	:    throw "EXCEPT:IO(" . getcwd() . ", " . a:file . "):WRITEERR"
    	:  endtry
    	:endfunction
    	:
    	:try
    	:
    	:  " something with arithmetics and I/O
    	:
    	:catch /^EXCEPT:MATHERR:RANGE/
    	:  let function = substitute(v:exception, '.*(\(\a\+\)).*', '\1', "")
    	:  echo "Range error in" function
    	:
    	:catch /^EXCEPT:MATHERR/	" catches OVERFLOW and ZERODIV
    	:  echo "Math error"
    	:
    	:catch /^EXCEPT:IO/
    	:  let dir = substitute(v:exception, '.*(\(.\+\),\s*.\+).*', '\1', "")
    	:  let file = substitute(v:exception, '.*(.\+,\s*\(.\+\)).*', '\1', "")
    	:  if file !~ '^/'
    	:    let file = dir . "/" . file
    	:  endif
    	:  echo 'I/O error for "' . file . '"'
    	:
    	:catch /^EXCEPT/
    	:  echo "Unspecified error"
    	:
    	:endtry

    The exceptions raised by Vim itself (on error or when pressing CTRL-C) use
    a flat hierarchy:  they are all in the "Vim" class.  You cannot throw yourself
    exceptions with the "Vim" prefix; they are reserved for Vim.
       Vim error exceptions are parameterized with the name of the command that
    failed, if known.  See |catch-errors|.

    PECULIARITIES

    							*except-compat*
    The exception handling concept requires that the command sequence causing the
    exception is aborted immediately and control is transferred to finally clauses
    and/or a catch clause.

    In the Vim script language there are cases where scripts and functions
    continue after an error: in functions without the "abort" flag or in a command
    after ":silent!", control flow goes to the following line, and outside
    functions, control flow goes to the line following the outermost ":endwhile"
    or ":endif".  On the other hand, errors should be catchable as exceptions
    (thus, requiring the immediate abortion).

    This problem has been solved by converting errors to exceptions and using
    immediate abortion (if not suppressed by ":silent!") only when a try
    conditional is active.  This is no restriction since an (error) exception can
    be caught only from an active try conditional.  If you want an immediate
    termination without catching the error, just use a try conditional without
    catch clause.  (You can cause cleanup code being executed before termination
    by specifying a finally clause.)

    When no try conditional is active, the usual abortion and continuation
    behavior is used instead of immediate abortion.  This ensures compatibility of
    scripts written for Vim 6.1 and earlier.

    However, when sourcing an existing script that does not use exception handling
    commands (or when calling one of its functions) from inside an active try
    conditional of a new script, you might change the control flow of the existing
    script on error.  You get the immediate abortion on error and can catch the
    error in the new script.  If however the sourced script suppresses error
    messages by using the ":silent!" command (checking for errors by testing
    |v:errmsg| if appropriate), its execution path is not changed.  The error is
    not converted to an exception.  (See |:silent|.)  So the only remaining cause
    where this happens is for scripts that don't care about errors and produce
    error messages.  You probably won't want to use such code from your new
    scripts.

    							*except-syntax-err*
    Syntax errors in the exception handling commands are never caught by any of
    the ":catch" commands of the try conditional they belong to.  Its finally
    clauses, however, is executed.
       Example:

    	:try
    	:  try
    	:    throw 4711
    	:  catch /\(/
    	:    echo "in catch with syntax error"
    	:  catch
    	:    echo "inner catch-all"
    	:  finally
    	:    echo "inner finally"
    	:  endtry
    	:catch
    	:  echo 'outer catch-all caught "' . v:exception . '"'
    	:  finally
    	:    echo "outer finally"
    	:endtry

    This displays:
        inner finally
        outer catch-all caught "Vim(catch):E54: Unmatched \("
        outer finally
    The original exception is discarded and an error exception is raised, instead.

    							*except-single-line*
    The ":try", ":catch", ":finally", and ":endtry" commands can be put on
    a single line, but then syntax errors may make it difficult to recognize the
    "catch" line, thus you better avoid this.
       Example:
    	:try | unlet! foo # | catch | endtry
    raises an error exception for the trailing characters after the ":unlet!"
    argument, but does not see the ":catch" and ":endtry" commands, so that the
    error exception is discarded and the "E488: Trailing characters" message gets
    displayed.

    							*except-several-errors*
    When several errors appear in a single command, the first error message is
    usually the most specific one and therefor converted to the error exception.
       Example:
    	echo novar
    causes
    	E121: Undefined variable: novar
    	E15: Invalid expression: novar
    The value of the error exception inside try conditionals is:
    	Vim(echo):E121: Undefined variable: novar

     							*except-syntax-error*
    But when a syntax error is detected after a normal error in the same command,
    the syntax error is used for the exception being thrown.
       Example:
    	unlet novar #
    causes
    	E108: No such variable: "novar"
    	E488: Trailing characters
    The value of the error exception inside try conditionals is:
    	Vim(unlet):E488: Trailing characters
    This is done because the syntax error might change the execution path in a way
    not intended by the user.  Example:
    	try
    	    try | unlet novar # | catch | echo v:exception | endtry
    	catch /.*/
    	    echo "outer catch:" v:exception
    	endtry
    This displays "outer catch: Vim(unlet):E488: Trailing characters", and then
    a "E600: Missing :endtry" error message is given, see |except-single-line|.

    ==============================================================================

    9. Examples						*eval-examples*

    Printing in Binary

      :" The function Nr2Bin() returns the binary string representation of a number.
      :func Nr2Bin(nr)
      :  let n = a:nr
      :  let r = ""
      :  while n
      :    let r = '01'[n % 2] . r
      :    let n = n / 2
      :  endwhile
      :  return r
      :endfunc

      :" The function String2Bin() converts each character in a string to a
      :" binary string, separated with dashes.
      :func String2Bin(str)
      :  let out = ''
      :  for ix in range(strlen(a:str))
      :    let out = out . '-' . Nr2Bin(char2nr(a:str[ix]))
      :  endfor
      :  return out[1:]
      :endfunc

    Example of its use:
      :echo Nr2Bin(32)
    result: "100000"
      :echo String2Bin("32")
    result: "110011-110010"

    Sorting lines

    This example sorts lines with a specific compare function.

      :func SortBuffer()
      :  let lines = getline(1, '$')
      :  call sort(lines, function("Strcmp"))
      :  call setline(1, lines)
      :endfunction

    As a one-liner:
      :call setline(1, sort(getline(1, '$'), function("Strcmp")))

    scanf() replacement

    							*sscanf*
    There is no sscanf() function in Vim.  If you need to extract parts from a
    line, you can use matchstr() and substitute() to do it.  This example shows
    how to get the file name, line number and column number out of a line like
    "foobar.txt, 123, 45".
       :" Set up the match bit
       :let mx='\(\f\+\),\s*\(\d\+\),\s*\(\d\+\)'
       :"get the part matching the whole expression
       :let l = matchstr(line, mx)
       :"get each item out of the match
       :let file = substitute(l, mx, '\1', '')
       :let lnum = substitute(l, mx, '\2', '')
       :let col = substitute(l, mx, '\3', '')

    The input is in the variable "line", the results in the variables "file",
    "lnum" and "col". (idea from Michael Geddes)

    getting the scriptnames in a Dictionary

    						*scriptnames-dictionary*
    The |:scriptnames| command can be used to get a list of all script files that
    have been sourced.  There is no equivalent function or variable for this
    (because it's rarely needed).  In case you need to manipulate the list this
    code can be used:
        " Get the output of ":scriptnames" in the scriptnames_output variable.
        let scriptnames_output = ''
        redir => scriptnames_output
        silent scriptnames
        redir END

        " Split the output into lines and parse each line.	Add an entry to the
        " "scripts" dictionary.
        let scripts = {}
        for line in split(scriptnames_output, "\n")
          " Only do non-blank lines.
          if line =~ '\S'
    	" Get the first number in the line.
    	let nr = matchstr(line, '\d\+')
    	" Get the file name, remove the script number " 123: ".
    	let name = substitute(line, '.\+:\s*', '', '')
    	" Add an item to the Dictionary
    	let scripts[nr] = name
          endif
        endfor
        unlet scriptnames_output

    ==============================================================================

    10. No +eval feature				*no-eval-feature*

    When the |+eval| feature was disabled at compile time, none of the expression
    evaluation commands are available.  To prevent this from causing Vim scripts
    to generate all kinds of errors, the ":if" and ":endif" commands are still
    recognized, though the argument of the ":if" and everything between the ":if"
    and the matching ":endif" is ignored.  Nesting of ":if" blocks is allowed, but
    only if the commands are at the start of the line.  The ":else" command is not
    recognized.

    Example of how to avoid executing commands when the |+eval| feature is
    missing:

    	:if 1
    	:  echo "Expression evaluation is compiled in"
    	:else
    	:  echo "You will _never_ see this message"
    	:endif

    To execute a command only when the |+eval| feature is disabled requires a trick,
    as this example shows:

    	silent! while 0
    	  set history=111
    	silent! endwhile

    When the |+eval| feature is available the command is skipped because of the
    "while 0".  Without the |+eval| feature the "while 0" is an error, which is
    silently ignored, and the command is executed.

    ==============================================================================

    11. The sandbox					*eval-sandbox* *sandbox* *E48*

    The 'foldexpr', 'formatexpr', 'includeexpr', 'indentexpr', 'statusline' and
    'foldtext' options may be evaluated in a sandbox.  This means that you are
    protected from these expressions having nasty side effects.  This gives some
    safety for when these options are set from a modeline.  It is also used when
    the command from a tags file is executed and for CTRL-R = in the command line.
    The sandbox is also used for the |:sandbox| command.

    These items are not allowed in the sandbox:
    	- changing the buffer text
    	- defining or changing mapping, autocommands, functions, user commands
    	- setting certain options (see |option-summary|)

    	- setting certain v: variables (see |v:var|)  *E794*
    	- executing a shell command
    	- reading or writing a file
    	- jumping to another buffer or editing a file
    	- executing Python, Perl, etc. commands
    This is not guaranteed 100% secure, but it should block most attacks.

    							*:san* *:sandbox*
    :san[dbox] {cmd}	Execute {cmd} in the sandbox.  Useful to evaluate an
    			option that may have been set from a modeline, e.g.
    			'foldexpr'.

    							*sandbox-option*
    A few options contain an expression.  When this expression is evaluated it may
    have to be done in the sandbox to avoid a security risk.  But the sandbox is
    restrictive, thus this only happens when the option was set from an insecure
    location.  Insecure in this context are:
    - sourcing a .vimrc or .exrc in the current directory
    - while executing in the sandbox
    - value coming from a modeline

    Note that when in the sandbox and saving an option value and restoring it, the
    option will still be marked as it was set in the sandbox.

    ==============================================================================

    12. Textlock							*textlock*

    In a few situations it is not allowed to change the text in the buffer, jump
    to another window and some other things that might confuse or break what Vim
    is currently doing.  This mostly applies to things that happen when Vim is
    actually doing something else.  For example, evaluating the 'balloonexpr' may
    happen any moment the mouse cursor is resting at some position.

    This is not allowed when the textlock is active:
    	- changing the buffer text
    	- jumping to another buffer or window
    	- editing another file
    	- closing a window or quitting Vim
    	- etc.

    ==============================================================================

    13. Testing							*testing*

    Vim can be tested after building it, usually with "make test".
    The tests are located in the directory "src/testdir".

    There are several types of tests added over time:
    	test33.in		oldest, don't add any more
    	test_something.in	old style tests
    	test_something.vim	new style tests

    						*new-style-testing*
    New tests should be added as new style tests.  These use functions such as
    |assert_equal()| to keep the test commands and the expected result in one
    place.

    						*old-style-testing*
    In some cases an old style test needs to be used.  E.g. when testing Vim
    without the |+eval| feature.

    Find more information in the file src/testdir/README.txt.

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